- Dictionaries and reference books on philosophy by years
Below you can download for free e-books and tutorials and read articles and lessons to the section Philosophical dictionaries:
Section content
Description of the section "Philosophy"
In this section you can download for free and without registration Philosophy Dictionaries. Philosophy is a form of spiritual activity aimed at posing, analyzing and solving fundamental worldview issues related to the development of a holistic view of the world and the place of man in it.For those who are interested in philosophy, we recommend downloading the book "The New Philosophical Encyclopedia" in four volumes. The New Philosophical Encyclopedia provides an overview of world philosophy in all the richness of its basic concepts, works, historical traditions, schools, names, generalizes the achievements of Russian and foreign philosophical research over the past decades, is the most complete set of philosophical knowledge in Russian literature at the turn of the millennium. The encyclopedia contains about five thousand articles, the authors of which are more than four hundred well-known scientists - specialists in various fields of philosophy.
Using the philosophy dictionary, you will learn a lot of new things: The meaning of philosophy in culture, Ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, Philosophy of the New Age, German classical and postclassical philosophy, Russian philosophy, Western European philosophy of the twentieth century, Man, personality, meaning of life, Being, Consciousness, knowledge, Society and culture, Philosophy of science and technology. The future of mankind and much more.
Using the materials of the section, you will learn full value many philosophical concepts: Philosophy, ontology, epistemology, sociology, anthropology, category, mythological type of worldview, religious type of worldview, scientific type worldview, object of knowledge, subject of knowledge, subject of philosophy, functions of philosophy, methods of philosophy, dialectics, metaphysics, eclecticism, hermeneutics, cosmocentrism, theocentrism, anthropocentrism, axiology, idealism, materialism, method, worldview, social philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, objective, subjective.
The section also contains dictionaries on the philosophy of many popular and well-known authors: Gritsanov A.A., Kirilenko G.G., Shevtsov E.V., Ilyichev L.F., Fedoseev P.N. and others.
Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation Pskov State Pedagogical Institute. CM. Kirov
A BRIEF GUIDE TO PHILOSOPHY
Published by decision of the Department of Philosophical Sciences and the Editorial and Publishing Council of the PSPI. CM. Kirov
Quick Reference in Philosophy / Compiled by Petrov G.V.
Pskov: PSPI, 2004. - 52 p.
The educational and methodical manual "A Brief Guide to Philosophy" is designed for students preparing for tests and exams in the course of philosophy. It is designed for systematic repetition of previously learned material. The reference book cannot replace textbooks and manuals on philosophy, the study of which is provided for in the curriculum.
Reviewers:
candidate of philosophical sciences N.N. Gabdulova Candidate of Philosophical Sciences L.S. Shchennikova
ISBN 5-87854-290-0 |
Petrov G.V., 2004 |
|
Pskov State |
||
pedagogical institute |
||
them. CM. Kirova, 2004 |
||
(PSPI named after S.M. Kirov), 2004 |
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR SYSTEM REVIEW
ON THE COURSE OF PHILOSOPHY
1. Philosophy, range of its problems and role in society.
2. The concept of worldview and its structure. Historical forms of worldview.
3. Cosmocentrism and natural philosophy of the ancient Greeks.
5. Plato's doctrine of ideas.
6. Aristotle's doctrine of matter and form.
7. Medieval Western Philosophy. Patristics and schola
9. Naturphilosophy of N. Kuzansky.
10. The teachings of D. Bruno. Heliocentrism.
11. Socio-political Renaissance ideas.
12. Socio-historical prerequisites for the emergence of the philosophy of the New Time. The relationship of natural science, technical progress and philosophy.
13. F. Bacon and the theory of experimental knowledge.
14. Rationalism of R. Descartes.
15. Philosophy of B. Spinoza. Pantheism.
16. Sensationalism of D. Locke's doctrine of cognition.
17. Subjective idealism D. Berkeley. D. Hume's agnosticism.
18. Philosophy of the French Enlightenment.
19. Critical philosophy of I. Kant.
20. Absolute idealism of G. Hegel.
21. Anthropological materialism L. Feuerbach.
22. Criticism of idealism and development materialistic understanding history of K. Marx.
23. Lenin's stage in the development of Marxist philosophy.
24. Materialistic views of A.I. Herzen and N.G. Chernyshevsky.
25. The philosophy of "all-unity" V. Solovyov.
26. Russian religious philosophy in the twentieth century.
27. Modern Western Philosophy. Features and main directions.
28. Being as a fundamental category of philosophy.
29. Being and substance. Basic forms of being.
30. Philosophical and natural science understanding of matter.
31. Movement as a way of existence of matter. Forms and types of movement.
32. Philosophical and natural science understanding of space and time.
33. Consciousness, its origin and essence.
34. Consciousness and the brain. Thinking and language.
35. Dialectics and metaphysics as methods of cognition.
36. Dialectics and its historical forms.
37. Principles and laws of dialectics.
38. The main categories of dialectics.
39. Concepts of knowledge in philosophy.
40. Sensory experience and rational thinking: their main forms and ways of interaction.
41. The problem of truth. True. Delusion. Lie.
42. Practice as a criterion of truth.
43. Peculiarities scientific knowledge.
44. Structure of scientific knowledge: forms and methods.
45. The concept of society. Basic Concepts community development.
46. Society as a system.
47. The specifics of the laws of social development.
48. The meaning of history.
49. Man as a prerequisite and result of history.
50. Philosophical anthropology about the nature and essence of man
51. Biological and social in man, their relationship
and relationship.
52. The problem of anthroposociogenesis. Alternative concepts of the origin of man.
53. The problem of the meaning of life.
54. The concepts of "person", "personality", "individuality". Conditions and mechanisms of personality formation.
55. Freedom and creativity as the highest values of the individual.
56. Collectivity as the main form of human existence.
57. Human and nature. Historical forms of man's relationship to nature.
58. Economic life of society: concept and structure.
59. The law of the correspondence of production relations to the nature and level of development of the productive forces.
60. Man in a computerized world: sociocultural
And psychological aspects Problems.
61. The concept of the social structure of society. Historical types and forms of social community: family, clan, tribe, nationality, nation.
62. The problem of ethnogenesis. Basic concepts.
63. Classes and their role in the system of social ties.
64. The concept of social stratification. social mobility.
65. State and civil society: signs and functions.
66. Public consciousness and its structure.
67. The concept of politics. Politics and law.
68. Moral consciousness and moral values.
69. Aesthetic values and their role in human life.
70. Religious values and freedom of conscience.
71. Science as a form of spiritual activity: specificity and functions.
72. Technique. Origin and essence. Technique and ethics.
73. Formational and civilizational concepts of social development.
74. The concept of civilization and its historical types.
75. The content and main features of modern information civilization.
76. The place of Russia in the world civilizational process.
77. Dynamics of social development. Evolution and revolution.
78. The concept of culture and its historical types.
79. Culture as a system. The symbolic nature of culture.
80. Culture and civilization. Human problems in modern culture.
81. Dialogue of cultures: West - East - Russia.
82. Humanism as the goal and measure of social progress.
83. The crisis of humanism in an industrial society.
84. Humanism and totalitarianism, humanism and democracy: problems and contradictions.
85. Global problems of mankind, their typology. Ecological problems of the present. Ways out of the crisis.
86. Humanity as a planetary phenomenon. The concept of noos-
87. Interaction of civilizations and the strategy of the future.
88. Social cognition and its features. Levels of social cognition.
ANSWER GUIDE
1. Philosophy, the range of its problems and role in society.
The term "philosophy" was introduced into use by the ancient Greek thinker Pythagoras and is translated into Russian as love of wisdom. In ancient times, philosophy was understood as any knowledge. In the modern view, philosophy is the area of theoretical knowledge about the world as a whole, about the place of a person in this world and about the principles of the relationship of a person with this world. The most important features of philosophy are scientific, critical and fundamental. The fundamental question of philosophy is the question of the relation of consciousness to matter.
The structure of philosophy includes the doctrine of being (ontology), the doctrine of cognition (epistemology) and the doctrine of development (dialectics).
Philosophy is an essential part of spiritual culture. Its role in society is determined by its main functions: ideological, methodological, humanistic and moral.
2. The concept of worldview and its structure. Historical forms of worldview.
A worldview is a holistic view of the world and a person's place in it. The main structural elements of the worldview are: 1) knowledge about the world, 2) values from the standpoint of which a person comprehends the world, 3) beliefs that determine a person's actions.
The main types of worldview. mythological worldview. This is the most ancient type of worldview. It is characterized by an emotional-figurative form, humanization of nature, uncriticality, utilitarian orientation. Religious worldview is based on belief in existence supernatural powers. Philosophical worldview is a theoretical form of understanding the world and man. scientific outlook on
called such a worldview, which is based on the achievements of philosophy, natural and social sciences.
Philosophy, on the one hand, is itself a worldview in its most general, theoretical form, on the other hand, it contributes to the formation of a conscious view of the world and a person's place in it.
3. Cosmocentrism and natural philosophy of the ancient Greeks.
characteristic feature ancient philosophy is cosmocentrism, i.e. view of the world as a whole (cosmos). Ancient philosophers were busy searching for the fundamental principle of the world, its eternal and unchanging beginning. Such a beginning for Thales was water, for Anaximenes it was air, for Heraclitus it was fire, and so on. Such views are called natural philosophy. In its most developed form, ancient natural philosophy is represented in the atomistic teachings of Democritus and Epicurus.
4. The problem of man in ancient philosophy. Moral philosophy Socrates.
The problem of man in ancient philosophy was posed by Socrates, who formulated the question: "What is the essence of man?" His answer: the essence of man is his soul (mind), which must be improved through knowledge. Socrates developed a method of cognition - dialectics, which he understood as the art of defending the truth in a dispute with an opponent. Socrates argued that virtue is always the result of knowledge, and vice is the result of ignorance.
5. Plato's doctrine of ideas.
Plato opposed the materialistic solution of the problem of being in the natural philosophy of the ancient Greeks with an idealistic solution. He created the doctrine of ideas - incorporeal essences (images) of classes of things and phenomena. Concrete things are only weak copies (shadows) of perfect ideas residing in the supracelestial spheres. The highest idea is the idea of the good.
6. Aristotle's doctrine of matter and form.
According to the teachings of the great ancient scientist Aristotle, all individual things represent the unity of matter and form. Matter is a passive possibility and substratum (building material) of things, while form (eidos) is their active dynamic principle. Form is intangible. In the hierarchy of all forms, the highest place is occupied by the motionless mind-prime mover (the form of all forms), which Aristotle calls god. The very presence of the prime mover sets in motion all the lower forms.
7. Medieval Western Philosophy. Patristics and scholasticism.
Medieval Western philosophy is the philosophy of the heyday of feudalism and the power of the church. Its characteristic feature is theocentrism (God is the center of philosophical ideas). God
– it is both the creator of the world (the principle of creationism) and the Absolute Personality. The purpose of man is to strive for the likeness of God through love for God. Thomas Aquinas put forward five proofs for the existence of God.
Patristics are the teachings of the so-called. Church Fathers (Blessed Augustine, etc.), who believed that only by delving into the soul, a person recognizes himself as the image and likeness of God. Scholasticism is a religious philosophy that, with the help of formal logical methods, solved the question of the relationship between knowledge and faith in favor of the latter.
Philosophers of the Middle Ages raised the question of the nature of the Universals, i.e. general concepts: the so-called. realists believed that only general concepts that exist before things in the divine mind, and the so-called. nominalists believed that general concepts exist not before, but after things and represent names, noumena, signs.
8. Characteristic features of the philosophy of the Renaissance.
The Renaissance is a transitional era from feudalism
to capitalism. It is characterized by the transition to an urban lifestyle, the development of industry, travel around the world and
geographical discoveries, the liberation of man from class restrictions, the beginning of the second global natural scientific revolution (the heliocentric system of Copernicus). This era received its name thanks to the revival of ancient art with its ideals of bodily beauty and life-affirming worldview.
In the philosophy of the Renaissance, theocentrism gave way to anthropocentrism and humanism. The anthropocentrism of such thinkers as Nicholas of Cusa, Giordano Bruno, Leonardoda Vinci and others consisted in the fact that they turned their main philosophical interest on man, his nature and place in the Universe. Their humanism manifested itself, first of all, in the rehabilitation of the natural nature of man, the most important feature of which is nobility, understood as the valor of the spirit, as freedom of creativity.
9. Naturphilosophy N. Kuzansky.
Nicholas of Cusa, Renaissance cardinal and bishop. In the philosophy of nature, he substantiated three positions: 1) God contains all things in himself, i.e. all nature, 2) god in all things, i.e. in all nature, 3) God, as the unity of all things, manifests himself in the plurality of these things. God is not somewhere outside the world, he is in unity with this world. The world is an endless sphere that has no definite center.
In the theory of knowledge, N. Kuzansky put forward the thesis of "scientific ignorance", the essence of which is that the finite human mind is only able to approach the knowledge of the infinite, never reaching full knowledge of the infinite, just as a polygon inscribed in a circle with an increase in its angles will never become equal circle.
10. The teachings of D. Bruno. Heliocentrism.
The Renaissance philosopher Giordano Bruno proceeded from the fact that it is impossible to represent God as something isolated from the world. God is everywhere and in everything, he eats the world field. It follows from this that motion is contained in the world itself. D. Bruno's pantheism (the identification of God with nature) became the theoretical basis of his humanism - the exaltation of the individual.
Inspired by the Copernican heliocentric system, which
In this document, you can find answers to the following questions:
Philosophy, range of its problems and role in society.
The concept of worldview and its structure. Historical forms of worldview.
Cosmocentrism and natural philosophy of the ancient Greeks.
The problem of man in ancient philosophy. The moral philosophy of Socrates.
Plato's doctrine of ideas.
Aristotle's doctrine of matter and form.
Medieval Western Philosophy. Patristics and scholasticism.
Characteristic features of the philosophy of the Renaissance.
Naturphilosophy of N. Kuzansky.
The teachings of D. Bruno. Heliocentrism.
Socio-political ideas of the Renaissance.
Socio-historical prerequisites for the emergence of the philosophy of the New Time. The relationship of natural science, technical progress and philosophy.
F. Bacon and the theory of experimental knowledge.
Rationalism of R. Descartes.
Philosophy of B. Spinoza. Pantheism.
Sensationalism of D. Locke's doctrine of cognition.
Subjective idealism D. Berkeley. D. Hume's agnosticism.
Philosophy of the French Enlightenment.
Critical philosophy of I. Kant.
Absolute idealism of G. Hegel.
Anthropological materialism L. Feuerbach.
Criticism of idealism and the development of a materialistic understanding of the history of K. Marx.
Lenin's stage in the development of Marxist philosophy.
Materialistic views of A. I. Herzen and N. G. Chernyshevsky.
The philosophy of "all-unity" V. Solovyov.
Russian religious philosophy in the XX century.
Modern Western Philosophy. Features and main directions.
Being as a fundamental category of philosophy.
Being and substance. Basic forms of being.
Philosophical and natural science understanding of matter.
Movement as a way of existence of matter. Forms and types of movement.
Philosophical and natural science understanding of space and time.
Consciousness, its origin and essence.
Consciousness and the brain. Thinking and language.
Dialectics and metaphysics as methods of cognition.
Dialectics and its historical forms.
Principles and laws of dialectics.
The main categories of dialectics.
Concepts of knowledge in philosophy.
Sensory experience and rational thinking: their main forms and ways of interaction.
The problem of truth. True. Delusion. Lie.
Practice as a criterion of truth.
Features of scientific knowledge.
Structure of scientific knowledge: forms and methods.
The concept of society. Basic concepts of social development.
Society as a system.
The specifics of the laws of social development.
The meaning of history.
Man as a prerequisite and result of history.
Philosophical anthropology about the nature and essence of man.
Biological and social in man, their correlation and interrelation.
The problem of anthroposociogenesis. Alternative concepts of the origin of man.
The problem of the meaning of life.
The concepts of "person", "personality", "individuality". Conditions and mechanisms of personality formation.
Freedom and creativity as the highest values of the individual.
Collectivity as the main form of human existence.
Human and nature. Historical forms of man's relationship to nature.
Economic life of society: concept and structure.
The law of the correspondence of production relations to the nature and level of development of the productive forces.
Man in a computerized world: socio-cultural and psychological aspects of the problem.
The concept of the social structure of society. Historical types and forms of social community: family, clan, tribe, nationality, nation.
The problem of ethnogenesis. Basic concepts.
Classes and their role in the system of social ties.
The concept of social stratification. social mobility.
State and civil society: signs and functions.
Public consciousness and its structure.
The concept of politics. Politics and law.
Moral consciousness and moral values.
Aesthetic values and their role in human life.
Religious values and freedom of conscience.
Science as a form of spiritual activity: specificity and functions.
Technique. Origin and essence. Technique and ethics.
Formational and civilizational concepts of social development.
The concept of civilization and its historical types.
The content and main features of modern information civilization.
The place of Russia in the world civilizational process.
Dynamics of social development. Evolution and revolution.
The concept of culture and its historical types.
Culture as a system. The symbolic nature of culture.
Culture and civilization. Human problems in modern culture.
Dialogue of cultures: West - East - Russia.
Humanism as the goal and measure of social progress.
The crisis of humanism in an industrial society.
Humanism and totalitarianism, humanism and democracy: problems and contradictions.
ball problems of mankind, their typology. Ecological problems of the present. Ways out of the crisis.
Humanity as a planetary phenomenon. The concept of the noosphere.
Interaction of civilizations and the strategy of the future.
Social cognition and its features. Levels of social cognition.
You can download all books and manuals absolutely free of charge and without registration.
Textbooks.
NEW. Ableev S.R. History of world philosophy. 2005 year. 418 pp. pdf. 1.8 MB.
The book is devoted to the history of development philosophical teachings from ancient times to the present day. An idea is given of the most important ideas and features of Indian, Chinese, Arabic, Tibetan, Greek, European, American and Russian philosophy.
The author overcomes the traditional Eurocentrism of philosophical science, comprehensively covers Eastern and Russian thought, a cultural and historical phenomenon of esoteric philosophy.
A clear structured text, periodization, diagrams and a dictionary facilitate the assimilation of educational material.
Designed for students of higher educational institutions.
Download
Asmus V.F. Ancient philosophy. 451 pages doc in 530 Kb archive.
The work of an outstanding Russian historian of philosophy (2nd ed. - 1976) examines in detail the development of ancient philosophy from the period of formation (Miletian and Pythagorean school) to the rise of high classics (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) and further to the teachings of the Hellenistic era (Stoicism, skepticism, Epicureanism). The study concludes with a review of the evolution of Neoplatonism, which had a particular influence on the formation of Christian patristics.
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Alekseev P.V. History of Philosophy. Textbook. 2005 year. 239 pp. PDF. 1.2 MB.
The textbook discusses the main stages in the development of philosophy for more than two thousand years of its history. Chapter VII uses material from the book by VV Mironov "Philosophy" (Moscow, 2001), supplemented by sections on the philosophical concepts of F. Nietzsche, A. Schopenhauer and 3. Freud.
For students, graduate students, university professors and all those interested in the history of philosophy.
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Alekseev P.V., Panin A.V. Philosophy. Textbook. 3rd ed., revised. and additional Moscow State University, Philfak. txt format. The volume of the archive is 324 Kb.
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Alekseev P.V., Panin A.V. Philosophy. Textbook. 2005 year. 608 pp. PDF. 3.4 MB.
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L.E. Balashov. Philosophy. Textbook. 3rd ed. year 2009. 686 pp. PDF. 3.0 MB.
The textbook is a universal textbook on philosophy. It gives a systematic exposition of the main themes of philosophy in a clear and lively form, gives problems and exercises in philosophy. The textbook complies with the program requirements of the State educational standard in philosophy. Equipped with a name index. For students and teachers of higher education, for students and teachers of senior classes of secondary educational institutions.
This textbook can be useful to anyone who is interested in philosophy, who appreciates thought, understands its significance for life.
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V.D. Gubin, T.Yu. Sidorina, V.P. Filatov editors. Philosophy. 2nd ed. revised add. year 2001. txt. 610 Kb.
The textbook was prepared by a team of well-known Russian scientists - teachers of the Russian State University for the Humanities and a number of other leading universities, employees of scientific institutions Russian Academy Sciences.
The textbook contains a presentation of the history of philosophy and consideration of its main areas. At the same time, many issues included in the university course of philosophy are covered in sufficient detail, which will allow students and teachers of specialized universities to study in depth philosophical problems in relation to their specialty.
The second edition has been revised and supplemented with a number of new chapters. It is recommended both for students starting to study the university course of philosophy, and for graduate students, teachers; all those interested in the modern level of consideration of the problems of the history of philosophy and its theoretical areas.
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G.I. Ikonnikova, V.N. Lavrinenko. Philosophy. Textbook. 2nd ed., rev. and additional 2004 374 pages in the archive 290 Kb.
The main provisions of the system are clearly and clearly stated philosophical knowledge, reveals the ideological, theoretical and methodological significance of philosophy, the main historical stages and directions of its development from antiquity to the present day. Separate sections are devoted to the basics philosophical understanding peace, social philosophy(subject, history and analysis of the main issues of social development), as well as philosophical anthropology. Compared to the first edition (M.: Jurist. 1997), a chapter is included that reveals the reaction of the so-called new idealism to classical German philosophy and positivism, the chapters that present topical problems of modern philosophical thought, philosophical questions informatics, and contemporary issues philosophical anthropology.
Addressed to students and graduate students of universities and scientific institutions.
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V.P. Kokhanovsky. Philosophy and methodology of science. Textbook. !999 576 pp. djvu. 4.6 MB.
The first fundamental textbook on the discipline "Philosophy and Methodology of Science" was prepared in accordance with the state educational standard of higher vocational education State Committee of the Russian Federation. Considers the specifics of science as a system of knowledge, a form of spiritual production and a social institution; analyzes the patterns of development of science, its structure, levels and methodology of scientific knowledge; reveals the similarities and differences between the natural and human sciences, the stages of their formation and the specifics of their methods; shows how these problems are solved by modern Western philosophers. The textbook is distinguished by clarity and clarity of presentation of the material.
Designed for students, graduate students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in the problems of history, philosophy and methodology of science.
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Kalnoy, Sandulov. Philosophy for Postgraduate Students: Textbook. 3rd ed. 2003. 512 pages txt in 270 Kb archive.
The textbook was written and compiled in accordance with the state requirements for the training of higher education specialists in the cycle "General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines". The book analyzes the content, specificity and change of socio-cultural paradigms that provide consideration of topical issues of theoretical and practical philosophy. The publication is focused on the formation of the reader's humanistic worldview and the formation of the methodological orientation of the creative solution of the problems under study. Recommended for applicants taking the PhD in Philosophy.
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Lebedev M. V. editor. ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY. Textbook. 700 pages doc in 712 Kb archive.
Analytic Philosophy (AF) is one of the most influential trends in modern Western philosophy, which focuses on the analysis of language, understood as the key to the philosophical study of thinking and knowledge. This "linguistic turn" is also characteristic to one degree or another of such philosophical directions as phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism. Unlike the classics, modern philosophy no longer considers it possible to abstract from the logical-linguistic aspect of philosophical problems. Instead of the traditional implementation of philosophical analysis by defining concepts, the analytical approach focuses on the appropriate use of language: in the initial period of the development of AF - formal, and then natural.
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Maslin M.A. editor. History of Russian Philosophy. 2008 640 pp. pdf. 52.2 MB.
This publication is a conceptual systematic presentation of the views of Russian thinkers from the 11th century to the present day. The book gives a detailed idea of the main trends in the history of Russian philosophical thought, its problems, originality and relationships with world philosophy.
The textbook was written by authors who are known both as scientists and as teachers with extensive teaching experience in universities. Necessary changes and additions have been made to the second edition.
The authors address their work to a wide range of readers interested in the history of philosophy in Russia. The book is recommended as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of higher educational institutions.
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E.V. Popov editor. Fundamentals of philosophy. Tutorial for universities. 1997. 320 pp. htm archived
308 Kb.
Written in accordance with the state standard for philosophy. The essence of philosophy, its main problems and functions are revealed. great attention given to the position of man in the world of culture. The main types of construction of philosophical knowledge, features of Russian philosophy and topical problems of philosophy of the 20th century are singled out.
For university students and for those who are interested in philosophy.
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Ushakov E.V. Introduction to the philosophy and methodology of science. 2005 year. 528 pp. PDF. 7.3 MB.
This work is a basic introductory course containing such topics modern philosophy and methodology of science, as a logical and methodological analysis of science, the specifics of humanitarian knowledge, scientific creativity, science and globally civilized processes, ethics of science, science as a social institution and the relationship of science with other spheres of public life, genesis and history of science, science and culture. The main results, trends and topics of discussion in the philosophy and methodology of science up to the latest period are reflected. Considering a complex image modern science, discusses the main ideological prerequisites for scientific knowledge, analyzes the philosophical problems that arise before scientists in the course of their scientific research.
The course is designed for the widest audience of students in both the natural sciences and the humanities. It can be used to prepare students for the social studies program, for graduate students taking Ph.D. examinations in philosophy, and will also be useful to philosophers, scientists and anyone interested in the problems of science and its role in modern life.
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Teaching aids.
NEW. Vishnevsky M.I. Philosophy. 2008 480 pp. pdf. 23.7 MB.
Written in accordance with the requirements of the standard curriculum for the course "Philosophy". An overview of the history of philosophical thought is given. The main problems of philosophy are stated. Considerable attention is paid to the topical issues of modern philosophy. The educational orientation of philosophical teachings and ideas is shown.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions, primarily for students of pedagogical specialties.
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NEW. Vasiliev V.V., Krotov A.A., Bugai D.V. History of Philosophy. 2005 year. 680 pp. pdf. 6.8 MB.
The fundamental textbook on the general history of philosophy was written by well-known experts on the basis of the latest achievements of world historical and philosophical science. The book was created by the staff of the Department of the History of Foreign Philosophy with the participation of two teachers from other departments of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. It presents the entire history of Eastern, Western European and Russian philosophy - from its origins to the present day. The professionalism of the authors is combined with the accessibility of the presentation. The content of the textbook is fully consistent with the actual curriculum of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University and other universities in Russia. Submission and heading of the material is carried out taking into account the rich pedagogical experience of the authors of the textbook.
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NEW. Orlov S.V. History of Philosophy. Short course. year 2009. 102 pp. pdf. 1.0 Mb.
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NEW. Lebedev M.V., Chernyak A.Z. editors. Analytical Philosophy. 2004 740 pp. pdf. 6.2 MB.
This edition is the first textbook on analytical philosophy in our country. It comprehensively examines analytic philosophy as the most complex set of schools and trends in modern philosophy, characterized by a certain commonality of methodological guidelines.
For students, graduate students, teachers, as well as all professionally interested in modern philosophy.
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Al-Ani N.M. Philosophy: Techniques 2004. 184 pp. PDF. 1.2 MB.
This educational publication examines the question of the significance and role of technology in the formation of man and the development of society, traces in detail the ways of the formation and further development of the philosophy of technology, and analyzes the most important problems of this relatively young branch of philosophical knowledge.
It is recommended both to students, graduate students and teachers, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in the philosophy of technology.
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A.P. Alekseev, L.E. Yakovlev. Philosophy in questions and answers. 2007 340 pp. djvu. 7.4 MB.
The material of the main philosophy course is presented in the form of questions and answers. Authors with many years of experience in teaching philosophy - primarily at Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov, - included in this manual exactly those questions that are usually asked to students at the exam to check the adequacy and depth of mastering the course. The given formulations of questions are modifications of questions of examination cards. For students and graduate students of non-philosophical specialties, as well as anyone who is starting to study philosophy or is simply interested in it.
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Barkovskaya A.V., Khomich E.V. Philosophy: answers to exam questions. year 2009. 160 pages djvu. 8.1 MB.
The manual was prepared on the basis of the curriculum for higher educational institutions on the course "Philosophy". It summarizes the basic concepts and main provisions of all the topics of the course in the form of answers to examination questions. It is intended for use by students in preparation for seminars and practical classes, for independent work, as well as at the final stage of studying the discipline in preparation for the exam.
Addressed to students of higher educational institutions
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Voitov. Philosophy: Textbook for graduate students. 2003 Many prominent philosophers considered philosophy to be the science of science. The proposed version of philosophy is the first manual that allows representatives of all sciences to master the power of philosophizing. It is especially important for graduate students, doctoral students as a guide in research. doc, 202 pages. RAR 660 Kb.
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Voitov. Philosophical foundation theories. (Comprehension of the problem.) Textbook on the history and philosophy of science. 2004. The textbook serves to comprehend philosophy as a science of sciences (general theory of science) and is intended for graduate students, doctoral students of all sciences, teachers of philosophy and students of philosophical faculties, as well as everyone who seeks to master theoretical science as modern wisdom and the ideology of survival. Used 300 sources. doc, 330 pages with illustrations. 2003 RAR size 3.5 Mb.
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Grishunin S.I. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE. Basic concepts and problems. Uch. allowance year 2009. 111 pp. djvu. 1.9 MB.
This study guide is written in accordance with the candidate's minimum program for graduate students and applicants. It deals with the main concepts and problems of the philosophy of science. In addition, the book discusses various models of the development of science.
The manual is intended for graduate students and applicants preparing for the candidate's minimum exams, as well as for everyone who is interested in the philosophical problems of science.
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A.I. Zelenkov, editor. PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE. Uch. allowance for aspirants. 2007 379 pp. djvu. 18.3 MB.
The textbook on the course "PHIAOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE" for graduate students and applicants was developed by specialists of the Belarusian University in accordance with the new program of this course, approved by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Belarus. The book includes a structurally meaningful reconstruction of the lecture course, as well as a significant amount of various educational and methodological materials that make it possible to organize the study of the main problems of the course at the modern scientific, theoretical and methodological level. The publication is intended for undergraduates, graduate students, applicants. It will be useful for everyone who is interested in topical problems of philosophy and methodology of science.
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Ilyin V.V. Philosophy: examination answers for university students. year 2009. 256 pp. PDF. 740 Kb.
This study guide is based on the approved by the Ministry of Education Russian Federation An exemplary program of philosophy, compiled on the basis of the state educational standard offered to higher educational institutions in Russia. It includes short answers to all the questions of the standard course of philosophy and is a systematic presentation of the history of philosophy and the disclosure of the main problems of modern philosophy.
The manual is addressed to students and graduate students of higher educational institutions, as well as to all those interested in philosophical problems.
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Kokhanovsky, Leshkevich, Matyash, Fathi. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE in questions and answers. Uch. allowance 2006 248 pp. djvu. 5.6 MB.
The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the program of the candidate exam "History and Philosophy of Science" ("Philosophy of Science"), approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 697 dated February 17, 2004.
The manual presents philosophical questions of science as a specific system of knowledge, a peculiar form of spiritual production and a social institution. The genesis and history of science, the general patterns of its development, the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge, its methodology, the role of science in the life of man and society, the prospects for its development, and a number of other problems are considered. The manual is intended primarily for graduate students and applicants preparing for the candidate's minimum exams, as well as anyone interested in the philosophical problems of science.
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Kokhanovsky et al. Fidosophy for graduate students. The textbook is written in accordance with the new requirements contained in the state educational standards. The focus is on philosophical analysis science as a specific system of knowledge, a form of spiritual production and a social institution. The general laws of the development of science, its genesis and history, structure, levels and methodology are considered. scientific research, actual problems of the philosophy of science, the role of science in the life of man and society, the prospects for its development and a number of other problems. Designed primarily for graduate students and applicants preparing for the candidate's minimum exams, as well as everyone who wants to form their own idea of philosophical reflection on the development of science. PDF. 245 pages. Size 1.2 Mb.
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Kryanev Yu.V., Motorinf L.E. History and Philosophy of Science (Philosophy of Science): textbook. 2011. 418 pp. djvu. 5.2 MB.
This manual on the general scientific discipline "History and Philosophy of Science" ("Philosophy of Science") has been prepared in full accordance with the requirements of the candidate's examination program approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia. The content of the 2nd edition has been revised taking into account the comments and suggestions of graduate students and relevant organizations. The appendices contain educational and methodological material for the study of the course "History and Philosophy of Science". The glossary contains 173 terms on the philosophy of science.
For graduate students of technical universities and classical universities studying in the natural sciences and technical specialties.
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S.A. Lebedev. Fundamentals of Nkuki Philosophy. Textbook settlement 2005 year. 546 pp. PDF. 2.3 MB.
The textbook was written by well-known specialists in the philosophy of science of Moscow State University. M.B. Lomonosov and the Russian Academy of Sciences. It provides a holistic view of all the major issues general philosophy science, all its dimensions: cognitive, activity-judicial, sociological, ethical, innovation-technological, socio-cultural. The book is addressed to university students, graduate students, teachers and researchers, to everyone who is interested in the problems of modern philosophy of science.
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Leshkevich T. G. Philosophy of science: traditions and innovations. Textbook for universities. year 2001. 428 pages doc in 400 Kb archive.
The textbook, written in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard for the course of philosophy and methodology of science, fills in the shortage of educational literature in this discipline. It recreates the philosophical image of modern science and methodology, the ideological results of its development, the problematics of the original texts of modern epistemologists from the conventionalism of A. Poincaré, the Vienna Circle of M. Schlick, the personal knowledge of M. Polanyi to the evolutionary epistemology of St. Toulmin, T. Kuhn's paradigm model, I. Lakatos' research program, J. Holton's thematic analysis and P. Feyerabend's anarchist pluralism. The topics from the funds of the national philosophy of science, represented by the names of A. Chizhevsky, K. Tsiolkovsky, V. Vernadsky, L. Gumilyov and others are discussed. A New Look on the phenomenon of passionarity, virtualistics, cloning.
Designed for a wide audience of students, graduate students and applicants preparing for the candidate's minimum exams, as well as everyone who wants to make their own idea of philosophical reflection on the development of science.
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Lipkin A.I. Philosophy of Science. 2007 608 pp. djvu. 4.7 MB.
The book gives an idea of a wide range of modern views on natural science. Along with the concepts and methods of modern philosophy of science and its history, specific philosophical problems of natural science are considered: the presence of various "interpretations" quantum mechanics and the myth about the special role of the observer's consciousness in it, the problems of space and time in the theory of relativity, disputes around synergetics, biology, technology, etc.
For students and graduate students of natural sciences, teachers, as well as all those interested in the problems of the philosophy of science,
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Mamzina A.S. History and Philosophy of Science 2008. 304 pp. PDF. 1.5 MB.
The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the program of the candidate minimum exam in the history and philosophy of science, developed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The presentation of the material is intended for a reader who does not have a fundamental philosophical background, but who is sufficiently familiar with a particular branch of scientific knowledge and who wants to both successfully pass the candidate's exam and master the skills of independent scientific research. The team of authors are teachers of the Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology of the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science of St. Petersburg State University, who have extensive experience in reading the relevant course and taking exams at all faculties of St. Petersburg State University.
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Mareeva E.V., Mareev S.N., Maidansky A.D. Philosophy of Science. 2010 233 pp. djvu. 3.5 MB.
The problems of the methodology and logic of scientific knowledge are analyzed, the classical and non-classical images of science are compared, the classical and non-classical approaches to solving the main problems of scientific knowledge, the methodological foundations of modern synergetic theory and universal evolutionism are revealed, criticism and even self-criticism of such a special direction as "philosophy of science" is shown. from O. Kont to I. Lakatos.
Particular attention is paid to the formation of the social sciences and the humanities, the criteria of scientific character in the field of social sciences, the problem of correlations between explanation and understanding, knowledge and experience in the social sciences and humanities. When revealing the methodological originality of social and humanitarian knowledge, emphasis is placed on the specifics of economic science.
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L.A. Mikeshin. Philosophy of Science: Modern Epistemology. Scientific knowledge in the dynamics of culture. Methodology of scientific research. Proc. allowance. 2005 year. 475 pp. PDF. 3.9 MB.
The main sections of the manual are devoted to the structure and models of the development of science in the dynamics of culture, the scientific revolution, non-classical forms of science; a classification of methods is given according to the empirical and theoretical levels of science, in relation to the forms of knowledge - facts, hypothesis, theory; the foundations and prerequisites of knowledge - principles, style of thinking, picture of the world, paradigm, research programs are considered. Computerization, consistency and synergetics are considered as new methodologies. Social and humanitarian sciences and philosophy are presented as special types of knowledge. The manual is written on the basis of the works of domestic and foreign philosophers of science, as well as on the basis of many years of research by the author. Each section is provided with a list of references and questions for self-examination. Suggested tables scientific methods, forms of knowledge and styles of thinking, a dictionary and a name index are given, a list of basic literature on the philosophy and methodology of science in English is given. The manual is intended for graduate students and students studying the philosophy of science and research methodology, as well as teachers who read this course, and everyone who wants to get acquainted with this important and relevant section of philosophical and methodological knowledge. In addition to the manual, the Reader on the Philosophy and Methodology of Science is published.
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T.G. Leshkevich. Philosophy of Science. Study guide, 2006. In a concise and accessible form, the material corresponding to the program of the candidate's minimum on the basics of the philosophy of science is presented. An attempt was made to preserve the worldview potential of philosophy, enriching it with the content of the philosophy of science, and to fill the gap that has arisen. educational literature in this discipline. For students, graduate students and applicants who are preparing for the PhD exams in the philosophy of science, as well as teachers and everyone who wants to form their own idea of \u200b\u200bthe modern philosophy of science. 7 files in doc in RAR archive of 290 Kb.
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S.A. Lebedev, editor. Philosophy of Science. 2007 732 pp. djvu. 3.4 MB.
The textbook was written by a team of scientists and teachers of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov and the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is addressed primarily to graduate students of all specialties to prepare for the exam on the new candidate minimum "History and Philosophy of Science". The textbook was tested at the Department of Philosophy of the Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Teachers of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. It is also recommended for students, masters, teachers, researchers, and everyone who is interested in the problems of the philosophy of science.
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B.C. Polikarpov. Introduction to Philosophy. Textbook allowance. 2003 265 pp. PDF. 32.3 Mb.
The textbook outlines a new generation philosophy course, in which philosophy is understood as the self-consciousness of culture and civilization, as a synthetic universal vision of the world, which makes it possible to comprehend the interaction of modern civilizations, the contours of the future of civilizations, the significance of the spectrum of such new technologies as information and virtual technologies, nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, features of cognition and consciousness in the information society, human capabilities, threats and dangers of the global order, the future of mankind.
The textbook is experimental in nature and is intended for students, graduate students and teachers of technical universities and all those interested in the problems of modern philosophy.
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A. A. Radugii, editor. CHRESTOMATY ON PHILOSOPHY. Tutorial. year 2001. 5 doc files in one archive
450 Kb.
The book is an anthology of thematically grouped philosophical texts - extracts from the works of thinkers from different eras, including modern times. The manual has been prepared in accordance with the “State requirements (Federal component) to the general minimum content and level of training of higher school graduates in the cycle “General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines”. The content of the didactic units of these requirements in philosophy is revealed on the basis of fragments of the works of representatives of the main philosophical teachings, schools, trends and directions both in the historical and philosophical key, and through fundamental philosophical problems.
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A.N. Suvorov. INTRODUCTION TO MODERN PHILOSOPHY. Tutorial. 2004 72 pages doc in 80 Kb archive.
Content:
PREFACE. PHILOSOPHY: FEATURES OF THE SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
PHILOSOPHY OF ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER (1788-1860)
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SEREN KIERKEGAARD (1813-1855)
PHILOSOPHY OF FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844-1900)
THE PHILOSOPHY OF WILHELM DILTHEY (1833-1911)
PHILOSOPHY OF HENRI BERGSON (1859-1941)
PHILOSOPHY OF OSWALD SPENGLER (1880-1936)
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDMUND HUSSERL (1859-1938)
THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARTIN HEIDEGGER (1889-1976)
PHILOSOPHY OF HANS GEORGE GADAMER (R.1900)
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Ochirov. Methodological physics. The textbook is intended for students of postgraduate seminars to prepare for the candidate minimum for the new program "History and Philosophy of Science". 2003, PDF, volume 2.9 Mb. 175 (double) pp.
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F.S. Faizullin, acad. editor. Introduction to philosophy. Tutorial. txt in RAR archive, size 12.3 Mb. The biggest tutorial I've ever seen.
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Schukin. Philosophy. Tutorial. !999 HTML in Zip archive, 305 Kb.
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Monographs, articles.
NEW. Fridtjof Capra. Tao of physics. 195 pp. pdf. 1.6 MB.
The proposed book by a modern philosopher and theoretical physicist describes the most important physical discoveries of the 20th century in the field of nuclear physics and quantum mechanics, and the author points to the still unresolved paradoxical nature of the discovered phenomena. To overcome the theoretical problems that arise in this case, he tries to apply to them an intuitive-contemplative approach, characteristic of the spiritual and philosophical teachings of the East.
The book is written in an accessible language, without the use of mathematical apparatus, and is addressed to philosophers, religious scholars, physicists, and also to a wide range of readers.
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The author is unknown to me. Synopsis on Philosophy. For all the philosophers listed below, the foundations of their teachings are given. In my useful thing to prepare for the candidate's examination. doc in RAR archive, size 105 Kb.
Content:
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY. Socrates. Plato. Aristotle.
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY. Aurelius Augustine. Thomas Aquinas.
PHILOSOPHY OF REVIVAL. Nikolay Kuzansky. Giordano Bruno.
PHILOSOPHY OF NEW TIME, PHILOSOPHY OF ENLIGHTENMENT. Francis Bacon. Descartes Rene. Spinoza Benedict (Baruch). Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. Thomas Hobbes. Locke John. Berkeley George. Hume David. Pascal Blaise. Galileo Galileo. Newton Isaac.
GERMAN CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY. Immanuel Kant. Fichte Johann Gottlieb. Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph. Gegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich.
IRRATIONALISM, EXISTENIALISM, PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE, PHENOMENALISM. Schopenhauer Arthur. Kierkegaard Soren. Nietzsche Friedrich. Husserl Edmund. Sartre Jean Paul.
POSITIVISM. August Comte. Mill J.S. Mach Ernst. Carnap. Russell. Popper Karl Raimund.
NEOKANTIANITY. Windelband Wilhelm. Ricket Heinrich.
PRAGMATISM. Pierce Charles Sandors. James William. Dewey John.
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Bogdanov. Philosophical articles, ed. Sadovsky. txt. Archive size 1.7 Mb.
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Sun. Wilchek. History algorithms. html format. The volume of the archive is 60 Kb.
Journal article. Criticism of the foundations of the teachings of K. Marx. The article is non-trivial. I know that there is a book of the same name, but I could not find an electronic version for download. I would be grateful if you provide a link where you can download it for free.
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V.V. Vasiliev. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY. WESTERN EUROPE – XVIII CENTURY. 2nd ed. The archive size is 680 Kb. doc format.
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Hegel. Lectures on the Philosophy of History. 1993 471 pp. PDF. 26.2 MB.
Philosophy of History" is one of the main philosophical works of the great German thinker of the 19th century G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), compiled from lectures given in the winter of 1830/31
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Hegel. Science of logic. Comp. HTML in RAR archive, size 410 Kb.
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Golubintsev V.O. etc. Philosophy for technical universities. Textbook. year 2001. 590 pages doc in 1.0 Mb archive.
The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard for Higher Professional Education. It gives an exposition of views on the subject of philosophy in its historical formation and development. The tutorial covers the main steps historical development and schools of philosophy, the philosophical and scientific pictures of the world are characterized, the issues of the relationship between nature and society, the philosophy of history, the problem of man in philosophical thought, the issues of the relationship of knowledge and practice are outlined, the characteristics of the methods of scientific knowledge are given, the specificity and interaction of science and technology are shown. The textbook ends with a review of the global problems of our time.
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DI. Dubrovsky. Deception. Philosophical and psychological analysis (updated edition). 2010 339 pp. djvu. 2.8 MB.
This is the first and, unfortunately, so far the only book in our philosophical literature devoted specifically to the analysis of deceit, such a ubiquitous phenomenon penetrating all the pores of our personal and social life. The author set a modest goal: to describe and, to a certain extent, to streamline and comprehend the extremely diverse manifestations of deception, such phenomena as virtuous deception, half-truth, self-deception, based on philosophical, psychological, historical materials and works of fiction. The appendices contain articles that allow you to deepen your understanding of certain aspects of the topic under discussion. Please read the essay about Epicharides - about the moral feat of this woman who lived in the time of Nero.
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E. Elizarov. CREATION OF THE WORLD OR EVOLUTION. dok in RAR archive, size 178 Kb. The book is already interesting in that it collects and analyzes both philosophical views and scientific discoveries. I can't explain the content, too many questions have been discussed.
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Fridtjof Capra. THE WEB OF LIFE. NEW SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF LIVING SYSTEMS. A popular science book of a philosophical nature, but written by a famous physicist and devoted to the most fundamental questions of science - the causes and laws of the existence of living and inanimate matter. Striving for a scientific solution to the mystery of life, the author makes an attempt to synthesize the latest achievements and discoveries in physics, mathematics, biology and sociology. The problems of self-organization of complex systems, deciphering the genetic code, transmission and use of biological information, and other exciting tasks of living physics are considered from a unified methodological position that does not exclude an attentive attitude to the scientific, philosophical and mystical thought of various eras and civilizations. . 3.0 MB. 315p. PDF.
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I. Kant. Criticism pure mind. 1994 270 pp. PDF. 1.26 MB.
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) - the greatest philosopher Western Europe, one of the leading thinkers of the Enlightenment, the founder of German classical philosophy, the founder of critical idealism, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of modern philosophical tradition, which had a huge impact on the minds of Europeans and the work of later idealists - Fichte, Schelling, Hegel.
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T. Kuhn. Logic and methodology of science. STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS.
Translation from English by I. Z. NALETOVA. 90 pp. doc. in RAR archive, size 150 Kb.
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Kokhanovsky and others. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE in questions and answers. 2006 350 pages djvu, 12.0 Mb. One of best books to prepare for the candidate minimum. The authors set themselves this goal.
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E.N. Knyazev. An odyssey of the scientific mind. Synergetic vision of scientific progress. RAS, Institute of Philosophy. GIF files in RAR archive, total size 2.9 Mb. 190 pages. The quality is excellent.
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Kezin. Lectures for graduate students of natural faculties. 25 p. 240 Kb.
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A.V. Lukyanov. Historical-critical introduction to the philosophy of natural sciences. 2003 The monograph examines the content side of the idea of a possible construction of the philosophy of nature, the idea associated with the reconstruction of the creative heritage of prominent representatives of ancient Greek and German classical philosophy. The author proposes the concept of the philosophy of nature as knowledge that is not reducible, on the one hand, to natural philosophical teachings, and, on the other hand, to the transcendental theory of the facts of consciousness. doc in RAR, size 190 Kb.
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M.A. Lebedev and others. Analytical philosophy.
Analytic philosophy is one of the most influential trends in modern Western philosophy, which focuses on the analysis of language, understood as the key to the philosophical study of thinking and knowledge. doc in RAR archive, total size 700 Kb. 700 pages
Content:
1. Introduction. Evolution and main characteristics of analytical philosophy.
2. The program of logical atomism.
3. The program of logical positivism (logical empiricism).
4. Lvov-Warsaw logical school and its influence on AF.
5. Philosophy of linguistic analysis.
6. Rehabilitation of metaphysical problems.
7. Neo-pragmatist critique of empiricism and the holistic thesis.
8. Relationship between truth and meaning.
9. Analytical epistemology.
10. The concept of truth and its application in analytical philosophy.
11. Constructivist paradigm and extended theories of reference.
12. The problem of understanding.
13. Analytical philosophy of consciousness.
14. Analytical philosophy and phenomenology.
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E. Mach. Knowledge and delusion. Essays on the psychology of research. Designed for those interested in the problems of philosophy and history of science. Size 308 Kb, 480 pages doc in RAR archive.
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Malenetsky. The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? (About science). 12 pp. doc. Archive size 74 Kb.
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Mareev S.N., Mareeva E.V. History of philosophy (general course). Tutorial. 2004 880 pages doc in 406 Kb archive.
In the proposed textbook, the authors proceed from the fact that the history of philosophy is the same philosophy, only in historical form. Deprived of its history, philosophy loses its drama, the credibility of the fact, live connection times, and history itself turns into a set of facts connected only chronologically.
Authors in a certain sense go against the current, refusing boundless pluralism recent years and formulating a clear understanding of the subject and method of philosophical knowledge.
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Nikiforov. Philosophy of Science. History and methodology. doc, size 81 Kb.
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Nikiforov. Logics. doc in RAR archive, size 140 Kb.
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V.S. Stepin. theoretical knowledge. Contents: Chapter I scientific knowledge in the sociocultural dimension. Chapter II Structure of theoretical knowledge. Chapter III Foundations of Science. Chapter IV Genesis of theoretical knowledge in classical science. Chapter V Formation and development of theory in non-classical science. Chapter VI Scientific revolutions. Chapter VII Strategies for theoretical research in the era of post-non-classical science. PDF, volume 3.4 Mb. 390 pages
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Stepin and others Philosophy of science. PDF. 186 pages. Volume 2.3 Mb.
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Dictionaries, encyclopedias.
A.A. Gritsanov, Ch. ed. World Encyclopedia of Philosophy. year 2001. 1312 pp. PDF. 22.4 MB.
The publication includes about 1,700 analytical articles, covering both the entirety of the classical philosophical canon (in its Western, Eastern and Eastern Slavic versions), as well as the latest trends in the development of philosophy in the context of postmodern culture. More than 400 phenomena and personalities were introduced into the encyclopedic circulation for the first time. The book is intended for specialists in the field of philosophy, sociology, psychology, as well as for graduate students and undergraduates in the humanities. It can be used by students of lyceums and colleges with in-depth humanitarian training.
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A.A. Gritsanov, Ch. ed. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. ENCYCLOPEDIA. 2002 txt in the archive. 2.0 Mb.
The encyclopedia "History of Philosophy" offers the reader a comprehensive analytical review of the historical and philosophical tradition in its classical, non-classical and post-non-classical versions. The publication includes more than seven hundred articles devoted to key concepts, traditions, personalities and texts that have determined both the philosophical canon and modern trends in philosophical thought. It is addressed to specialists-philosophers, as well as graduate students and students of the humanities and natural sciences.
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Gritsanov, editor. Philosophical Dictionary. txt. Archive size 1.7 Mb.
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The latest philosophical dictionary. Compiled and chief scientific editor A.A. Gritsanov. 2003 1800 pages doc in RAR archive, size 2.9 Mb.
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Petrov G.V. A Concise Guide to Philosophy. 2004 52 pp. PDF. 420 KB.
Contains 88 basic ticket questions and brief answers to them.
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Philosophical Dictionary. 1800 pages doc in archive 2.9 Mb.
Each word in the dictionary is given a small note. Poik in ALPHAVITO, quite convenient.
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Philosophical encyclopedic Dictionary. 480 pages doc in 853 Mb archive.
The main thing that distinguishes this Dictionary from its counterparts that have been published in Russia over the past 75 years is an impartial and objective approach to all issues under consideration, the essence of which is that since there are a variety of theories, the task of the authors is only to present them .
The Dictionary includes a large number of articles about philosophers of all times, including those that, most likely, are almost or completely unknown to the Russian reader, and if it seems to him that a large place among them is allotted German philosophers, then this is explained by the fact that German philosophy has always occupied a leading position in the development of philosophical thought (recall Hegel, Kant, Husserl, Scheler, Goethe, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Fichte, N. Hartmann, Schelling, and others).
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Programs.
1. PROGRAM OF THE COURSE "PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY". Responsible editor: corresponding member. RAS V.S. Stepin.
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2. PROGRAM for the candidate's minimum examination in philosophy (recommended by the Ministry of Education as an example).
The program was compiled by a team of scientists from the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg State University under the guidance of Prof., Doctor of Philosophy, Perov Yu.V., Prof., Doctor of Philosophy, Solonin Yu.N.
The structure of the program includes the following sections of philosophical knowledge: history of philosophy (broken down by periods) ontology and epistemology (theoretical philosophy) social philosophy and philosophical anthropology philosophy of science and technology.
In addition to the program itself, here is an approximate list of exam questions, as well as an extensive list of literature for mastering the basics of philosophical knowledge. An addition to this program can be a list of essay topics for the Ph.D. exam in philosophy.
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Miscellaneous.
Aristotle. Metaphysics. 2002 829 pp. PDF. 34.4 MB.
Metaphysics is the most famous collection of Aristotle's writings and the first fundamental work of the eponymous branch of philosophy. Consists of 14 books collected from various works Andronicus of Rhodes, which describes the doctrine of the first principles, which constitute the subject of wisdom. Aristotle lists four principles, or the highest causes of being: form (essence, essence of being) (“What is it?”), Matter (“From what?”), Purpose (“For what?”) and prime mover (“Where did the movement begin? ?"). He also makes a distinction between possibility and reality. Latest books Metaphysics is devoted to the criticism of eidos as entities that exist separately from things.
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Philosophy from antiquity to the present. Contains over 100,000 pages of works by 132 Western and 132 Russian philosophers. Two iso files in RAR archives from which to burn a disc. 1 - 99 Mb. 2 - 54 Mb.
The largest collection of basic texts of Western and Russian philosophy, including works in the original language from Plato to Berdyaev. Another disk Electronic Library– “Philosophy from antiquity to the present” is the largest collection of philosophical texts in Russian and German. The publication is intended for students, specialists and a wide range of readers. The electronic version of the treasury of philosophical thought includes more than 600 works by 132 authors. The total volume of the collection is more than 100,000 pages, which is many times greater than the volume of any printed anthology. The digitized texts of the works are completely identical to the texts of authoritative publications. The material is given in chronological order in accordance with the traditional division into schools and currents. Biographies and portraits of the authors are included, as well as texts of German classical philosophy in the original, including works that have not been translated into Russian. The collection consists of two parts: foreign and Russian philosophy. Russian philosophy from Lomonosov to Berdyaev includes the main works of all major Russian thinkers. Western philosophy presented by authors from the 5th century BC. until the beginning of the twentieth century: Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Marcus Aurelius, Plotinus, Aurelius Augustine, Boethius, Meister Eckhart, Nicholas of Cusa, Pascal, Bacon, Hobbes, Berkeley, Locke, Hume, Spinoza, Leibniz, Descartes, Kant, Fichte, Schelling , Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, Engels, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Bergson, Dilthey, Spengler, Husserl, Bakunin, Belinsky, Berdyaev, Bulgakov, Vernadsky, Herzen, Danilevsky, Dostoevsky, Zenkovsky, Ilyin, Karsavin, Leontiev, Lossky, Novgorodtsev, Rozanov , Skovoroda, Solovyov, Trubetskoy S.N., Trubetskoy E.N., Florovsky, Frank, Florensky, Khomyakov, Chaadaev, Chicherin, Shestov, Shpet, Ern and many others.
Part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
TEXTBOOKS AND BENEFITS ON PHILOSOPHY. In one RAR archive. txt format. The volume of the archive is 12.3 Mb. The content of the archive has been moved to
