Hi all! I continue to publish a series of articles in the “Amazing Discoveries” section, which in February 2015 I began with a story. Today our topic is "Human Teleportation"
1. What is teleportation
If you have read at least one of my stories, then you probably understood that I am not inventing anything. The reason is simple - I just do not know how to do it. All the events I describe actually happened. Everything is tied to time and place. Separate stories, like a mosaic, add up to a big picture called "Notes of an Old-Timer".
In this story, I will continue this tradition, although I am sure that there will be skeptics who will argue that human teleportation is a fiction, like everything stated below, because. this phenomenon is the fruit of human imagination. That I could not be a witness to this phenomenon because this could never happen. Judge for yourself.
teleport
I'll start with a definition from Wikipedia.
Teleportation (Greek τήλε - far, far away and Latin portare - carry) is a hypothetical change in the coordinates of an object (movement), in which the object's trajectory cannot be described mathematically by a continuous function of time.
It's complicated. Now in Russian:
Teleportation is the instantaneous movement of living and inanimate objects to any distance in space, regardless of any barriers and screens, one of the forms of psychokinesis. (The term was coined by Charles Fort.)
Let me remind you that there have been such cases in history. Here is the most famous one:
2. Teleportation of the philosopher Apollonius
The Roman emperor Domitian (1st century AD) put the famous philosopher Apollonius on trial. After the announcement of the verdict, the unfortunate man said: "No one, not even the emperor of Rome, can keep me in captivity." There was a flash of light, and the defendant, before the eyes of the assessors and the emperor himself, disappeared from the courtroom and found himself a few days' journey from Rome.
This is not a mystical story, but a historical fact.
Philosopher Apollonius
3. Atta Queen Ant Teleportation
There is also a scientifically proven fact of teleportation of the uterus of Atta ants:
If you open the side of the concrete chamber where the uterus lives and mark it with paint, at first nothing happens. But if you close the chamber for a few minutes, the uterus will disappear. She, marked with paint, can be found a few tens of meters in another cell. The effect shocked the scientific community.
Atta queen ant
All this is denied by Newtonian mechanics. It says that atoms do not just come into motion, without the influence of a second force, they do not disappear and do not appear again in another place. However, according to the theory of quantum mechanics, such things are quite probable. By examining the properties of atoms, scientists have found that an electron behaves like a wave, and while rotating around the nucleus of an atom, it can make quantum jumps.
For me, the question is: “Is teleportation possible? Not worth it! As proof, I cite a story that happened to me today .
4. Teleportation of a person with their own eyes
4.1 Arrival in St. Petersburg
On December 27, 2013, Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il trovatore was staged at the Mariinsky Theater, where Anna Netrebko was to perform the part of Leonora. It was impossible for my wife to miss such an event. Tickets for the performance were booked several months before the start of the performance, and for the train - a month in advance.
I had no choice but to join, although neither Jan Gillan nor Klaus Meine were among the actors.
On Wednesday, December 25, the Sapsan train safely delivered me and my wife to the city of Great October. We settled in a private hotel near the Moscow railway station. We went on an excursion to Tsarskoye Selo.
Tsarskoye Selo
4.2 Chance meetings at the Mariinsky Theater
And on Friday, December 27, as planned, at 18-30 we entered the foyer of the Mariinsky Theatre. In the stalls of the theatre, where we comfortably settled down in our seats, Tatyana, our old acquaintance from Moscow, called us. She was a fan of classical music, worse than my wife.
Our chance encounters were commonplace. In Moscow, Tatyana and I constantly crossed paths at the Conservatory on Herzen Street and in the Tchaikovsky Hall on Mayakovka. Once we even collided at Sheremetyevo Airport, returning from Greece, although this place has nothing to do with music.
During a lively conversation, my attention was drawn to a man in a light-colored suit, who was sitting on the front row of the amphitheater 3 rows behind us.
“Some kind of familiar face…” said Tatiana, who caught the direction of my gaze.
“Yuri Aksyuta is the head of the music directorate of Channel One TV,” I recalled.
Everyone turned their heads together, looked at Aksyuta, nodded their heads in agreement ... and forgot.
Yuri Aksyuta
4.3 Troubadour and Netrebko
The performance was a success. All participants sang superbly, but when the turn came to Netrebko, the hall literally froze.
First, Leonora is one of the most romantic characters in the history of opera.
Secondly, Netrebko's vocal and artistic abilities were an order of magnitude higher than other performers. Her voice caught and did not let go until the last note. There was some magic in it.
Anna Netrebko as Leonora in G. Verdi's Il trovatore
The performance ran for 2 hours and 45 minutes with one intermission.
4.4 Aksyuta's teleportation to the "Voice"
At 11 p.m. we left the Mariinsky Theater building and boarded a trolley bus. 40 minutes later we entered our room. The impression of what he saw and heard was so great that they decided to continue the evening. We made tea and turned on the TV. The final of the second season of the musical show "Voice" was on Channel One.
What was our surprise when, at about 12 o'clock at night, to award the winners, Yuri Aksyuta went on stage, dressed in blue jeans, a gray shirt and a black jacket. My first thought was: “This can't be! An hour ago we sat at the play with him. At 23 o'clock to be in St. Petersburg on the "Troubadour" and at 24 o'clock in Moscow on the "Voice" is simply not realistic! However, facts are stubborn things.
Here is a case of human teleportation, which I myself witnessed!
TELEPORTATION EXISTS!
Who wants to develop these abilities in himself, now know: for training I need to go to Yuri Aksyuta.
5. Reasonable explanations for what happened
P.S. In response to my story, two counterarguments are given:
Aksyuta left after the first act of the performance. — I do not agree. Anyway, it is not possible to get from the Mariinsky Theater to Ostankino in two and a half hours.
Firstly, the winner of the competition was chosen by direct voting of viewers.
Secondly, in my opinion, the journalist Olga Romanova called the studio during the final and asked for the time. She got the right answer!
I wanted to complete the article with a video from the awards ceremony for the winner of the 2013 Voice contest, where Yuri Aksyuta presents Sergey Volchkov with the first prize, but for some reason he was removed from YOUTUBE.COM. Even photographs. If you help me, or find it myself, I will fill this gap.
In the meantime, we are looking for a video film “This story shocked the whole world! There was a teleportation of a person from another space and time!”:
In this article, you learned about a case of human teleportation that I witnessed in December 2013. If you liked the story, and there is a desire to read my other articles, subscribe to the blog site and recommend doing this to your friends on social networks and not only.
Your Alexey Frolov
Not every person can believe in the existence of such a phenomenon as teleportation. But the researchers managed to collect a lot of facts that indicate the possibility of instantaneous movement of physical bodies over considerable distances. Today we will talk about what kind of teleportation exists, what main types scientists divide it into, about the problems of its enforcement, as well as about the risks and dangers associated with this interesting phenomenon.
The concept of teleportation
The term "teleportation" has two roots: Greek. τήλε (far) and lat. portare (carry). Teleportation is the instantaneous process of moving an object over a considerable distance at a speed exceeding the speed of light. This phenomenon has been known to people for many centuries, and therefore teleportation has managed to get many different names. This phenomenon is called jantation, transgression, zero-transportation, zero-jump, hyperjump, hyperjump.
Mystics believe that teleportation is one of the untapped powers of the mind. The ability to instantly move is inherent in nature in a person from birth. But it belongs to the sphere of the inactive part of the brain, so ordinary people are deprived of the ability to instantly travel fantastic distances. It is assumed that a person who has revealed this ability in himself will be able to teleport if he concentrates on a certain point in time and space.
The dangers of transgression
We must not forget that the object, when moving, can be combined with matter already present at the destination. That is, the person focused on the place he needed and teleported. But at that moment, another person or object was in a given position. In this case, there are only two options for further developments.
1. Explosion. It can be both small and huge.
2. The death of both living objects due to the combination of their atoms.
What is teleportation
After a long study of teleportation, researchers divided it into three main types. According to the accepted classification, transgression is:
1. Instant and gradual.
2. Quantum and "hole".
3. Consistent and voluminous.
Sequential teleportation represents movement along a communication channel. In this case, the object is split into atoms in the sending zone (transmitter), and then restored at the receiver. That is, its atoms are destroyed, and the person disappears. Then these same atoms are collected in the original organism in another place.
For such teleportation, a detailed scheme of the object down to atoms is required. This is necessary to preserve the original characteristics of the object during the move. A similar principle is embedded in the operation of some 3D printers. But when teleporting in this way, errors may occur due to the large amount of information that needs to be transferred. Based on thermodynamics, scientists concluded that this teleportation is almost impossible.
Human atomic detail is a big problem. People have not yet decided what constitutes consciousness and what can be considered a soul. What will be “recovered” by the receiver as a result? Is the subject the same or will his appearance change? Or will he appear at the receiver dead? If the object survives, then this can be regarded as killing it, and then resurrecting it, only at a different point.
What if "pierce" the space?
Volumetric teleportation considered simpler than sequential. This way of moving involves "puncture" of space-time. Matter is transmitted through such a puncture. Some researchers believe that such teleportation is needed.
Volumetric teleportation does not contradict scientific principles. It can be explained using the general theory of relativity, which suggests the possibility of creating artificial "punctures" of space. However, by definition, teleportation is instantaneous. Which, in turn, is already in conflict with the theory of relativity.
There is a more understandable type of teleportation - the combination of spaces. Overlapping sections are gates that lead to another part of the world. It should be noted that such a transgression is also inconsistent with the theory of relativity. In addition, when moving, the object finds itself in completely different atmospheric conditions. The body does not have time to adapt to changes in an instant, because of which it can suffer or even die.
How to teleport?
A person can teleport without using technical methods. This method belongs to the realm of magic. In this case, the subject will not need a teleport, but the ability to control their latent abilities. Most of the human brain is inactive. If you work with this reserve, then you can develop the ability to extrasensory perception (telekinesis, teleportation, etc.).
How to find the "gate" through which you can travel in time and space? For starters, make your hands more sensitive. It is they who feel the points of movement. These points are more often located in nature and places with special energy, for example, where or there were significant historical events.
Teleportation is interpreted as a change in the coordinates of an object, while such a movement is poorly justified from a scientific point of view. It is unclear how the effect is achieved, since it is unrealistic to test hypotheses in practice. But there are scientists' assumptions that allow us to hope that in the future such a method of transportation will be available.
What is "teleportation"?
Teleportation is the result of the rapid movement of a thing or body to any distance, when they disappear in the original place and appear in the final one. So far, scientists have paid little attention to the implementation of this method, but some developments are still available. There are such types of teleportation:
- Transport beam. The molecules of the object are scanned, fixed, then the original is destroyed, and in another place the machine recreates a copy based on this data. It is not suitable for moving a person, since it is impossible to count millions of body molecules and reproduce in a split second. Moreover, when the original body is destroyed, consciousness also disappears.
- Portal. A special state of space that throws an object to another place, with the same field properties. Favorite fantasy theme, but not used in reality, because it is not known where such places are.
- Null-T. Scientists explain this option as opening a window to another dimension, the location of which corresponds with our reality, but the distances are squeezed many times over. A puncture is made through them, and the object is moved to another place.
quantum teleportation
Scientists distinguish another type of quantum teleportation - the transfer of a photon state through two things broken in space and such a communication channel when the state is first destroyed and then recreated. To do this at the speed of light, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation particles are used. It is used in quantum calculations, where only the recipient has data about the subject.
Why was this idea of “teleportation in space” reluctantly discussed by scientists? It was believed that it violated the principle that forbids the scanner to extract the entire data of the object. Scanning must recreate the complete information, otherwise a perfect copy cannot be created. The first successful experiment could be carried out only at the beginning of this century between laser radiation quanta and cesium atoms, scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute did it. And in 2017, Chinese researchers achieved quantum teleportation of 1,200 kilometers.
hole teleportation
There is also such a type as hole teleportation, a method when objects move from one size to another without a transition period. The action is explained in the following ways:
- Pushing objects out of the universe.
- Increasing the wavelength of the object to Broglie.
Teleportation exists - this position is based on the fact that the cosmos has limits, beyond which there is no longer space and time, but only emptiness. Since the cosmos has no center, such vacuum holes can really be found at any point in it, these are conditional particles that are constantly in motion. From a scientific standpoint, hole teleportation is based on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Niels Bohr's complementarity.
"Mole Hole"
The wormhole theory explains that space has the power to take the form of a tube that connects epochs or islands of time. As far back as the beginning of the last century, the famous physicist Flamm suggested that plastic liniometry could be a hole connecting two planets. And Einstein noted: simple solutions of equations that describe electrically charged and forming gravitational fields, sources, have a spatial bridge structure.
"A wormhole in space" or a wormhole - these "bridges" received this name much later. Versions how it works:
- Electric lines of force enter the burrow from one end and exit from the other.
- Both exits lead to the same world, but in different time periods. The entry point is negative charge and the exit point is positive charge.
Psi teleportation
Teleportation technology also manifested itself in psi-effects, they are also called psychokinetic phenomena. It includes such phenomena:
- Psychokinesis or telekinesis– impact and influence on objects or energy fields.
- Levitation- liberation from the force of gravity. Outwardly, it looks like hovering above the ground, walking through the air.
- out-of-body projection. Separation of the energy mass from the physical body. A person sees himself from the outside.
- materialization. The ability to implement concerns both processes and objects, situations.
Teleportation - myth or reality?
Is teleportation possible? This question is asked by many people: from scientists to ordinary people. For centuries, there was an opinion that such a phenomenon could not exist, and some manifestations were tricks of charlatans. Only in recent years, the theory of movement in space and time began to be listened to, thanks to the efforts of physicists who stated that small parts of matter are not an obstacle to instantaneous movements.
Teleportation - is it possible? The answer is the story of the nun Maria, who over the course of several years managed to visit America more than 500 times without leaving her monastery. At the same time, she turned the Yuma tribe in New Mexico into the Christian faith, which is confirmed by conversations with Indians and papers submitted by the Spanish conquistadors and French explorers.
Human teleportation - how to learn?
How to learn teleportation? There is no answer to this question yet, although you can find a lot of societies that promise to teach on the Internet. As well as detailed instructions. But there is no real methodology yet, there are only special cases when such talents were shown by individual people. At the same time, they could not describe the process of moving. Scientists believe that even if such technologies as human teleportation appear, it will be extremely difficult to bring them to life due to the relativity of time.
Teleportation - real cases
The cases of human teleportation, which have been recorded and confirmed over many centuries in different countries, prevent completely discarding the existence of the theory of movement in space.
- Magician Tudor Pole in 1952 was able to travel a mile and a half from the suburbs to his own home in three minutes.
- The Chinese Zhang Baosheng has repeatedly demonstrated the ability to teleport objects from one place to another. The facts were recorded by scientists in 1982.
- The prisoner of the American prison Hadad managed to disappear from closed premises. But at the same time, he always returned back, not wanting to aggravate the punishment.
- In New York, a case was recorded when a young man appeared at the subway station, claiming that he was instantly transported from the suburbs of Rome. Checking the situation confirmed this fact.
books about teleportation
Teleportation experiments were often carried out by the heroes of science fiction writers, the Strugatsky brothers even outlined how flights to the stars based on this theory would take place. The most interesting books, where many lines are devoted to such an amazing movement:
- Cycle "Troy". Mars of the second millennium, strong players recreate the Trojan War. A professor from the 20th century, having moved to another reality, is forced to correct this historical battle.
- Alfred Bester. "Tiger! Tiger!". The fact of "jantation" - teleportation by willpower is stated.
- Sergey Lukyanenko. "Star Shadow". The type of teleportation "jump" is described, which the hero performs with the help of a special mechanism.
Movies about teleportation
Films and series about teleportation were created by directors from different countries. For the first time, this fact manifested itself in the film “The Fly”, when the hero set up an experiment on moving himself, but a fly flew into the camera, which led to the tragedy. From the most famous tapes:
- The series "Star Trek". In order not to spend money on expensive spacecraft takeoff effects, it was decided to move the members of the Enterprise crew along the beam.
- "Sagittarius Restless". The protagonist creates a teleportation installation and moves around the world at will.
- The series "Stargate". With the help of artifacts and the Asgard beam, people learned how to move to other planets.
What is teleportation? The word is a mixture of the Greek tele (-far) and the Latin portare (-to carry).
I like the movie Teleport. Haven't reviewed it for a long time. Usually it is this spatial movement that is called teleportation. Is teleportation possible in this form?
In academic science, there is only one term associated with teleportation - this is quantum teleportation. Of course, scientists and philosophers consider theories about wormholes, parallel worlds and spaces, and so on. But I'm only interested in theories that have been confirmed by experience, or a good theoretical justification, which can become a real basis for technical implementation.
quantum teleportation
The essence of the phenomenon of quantum teleportation (briefly, further CT) in that we do not transmit energy or matter over a distance. There is only information transfer. And this does not contradict any hitherto known principles.
It remains to be seen how the possibility of teleporting information is combined with the principle of locality, according to which only its close environment can influence the state of an object.
The transmission of information using QDs requires the transport of quantum objects (one of a pair of quantum-entangled particles) and additional transmission of information by conventional communication channels.
Therefore, CT does not even pretend to be an instantaneous communication channel (null transmitter).
Data transmission in space
There are well-known problems with communication with satellites remote in space. Signals propagate at the speed of light, therefore communication delays even with the Moon are several seconds (at least the signal must reach the Moon and then return some response).
And if we take Mars, for which various missions are currently preparing, then the time of the signal from the Earth on the way will depend on the relative position of the planets and can reach tens of minutes.
In this regard, in our time, an autonomous spacecraft must itself make decisions on the spot.
Perhaps someday the use of CT for null communication will become a reality. Theoretically, the device can fly away with a "reserve" of bound particles, which it will use as needed. And there is some way to replenish them.
I will return to this topic (zero connection) later.
Teleportation
So far, physicists do not see opportunities for teleportation. Why? At least for the simple reason that there are no prerequisites to make changes to the principle of conservation of energy. The principle was introduced empirically, therefore, perhaps, physicists still lose sight of something :), and the law may not be observed under some conditions. Who knows?
We cannot "delete" an object at one point in space and insert it elsewhere. All "transformations" of an object must be smoothly connected to each other. A transmission channel is required.
Alternatives
Let's see what the alternatives are. The first idea, which is also present in fiction, is copying.
copying
The teleportation object is scanned at the point A, and at the point B a full copy is created. What to do with a prototype? Apparently, the prototype will have to be disposed of.
Imagine a kind of bio-printer with a shredder :).
The task of scanning and copying is very complex. It can be simplified, taking into account that some parts of the object require more accurate reproduction, and some do not. For example, copying the lunch that is digested inside your digestive tract is an unaffordable luxury. And copying pathologies, acquired mutations, defects is generally stupid. You need to copy the brain of the object, the rest needs only to be reconstructed.
Consciousness and container
What is our sense of presence at this point, here and now? This is just a set of impulses from our "biological sensors" to the processing center of these sensors - the brain.
Our consciousness is formed by the brain, the rest of the body is a container, a shell for our nerve center. If it is possible to separate the functioning brain from the shell, and then create a mechanism for remote “connection” to the synthetic shell, then switching between carriers will be perceived as “teleportation of consciousness”.
Coming back to earth
Returning from "heaven to earth", it is interesting to look at what stage the required technologies are for creating alternative teleportation.
Null bond
As for the null link, which is required for fast data transmission over cosmic distances, fundamental physics says that this is possible.
Bio scanner, printer, shredder
Subatomic scanning particle by particle with the creation of a copy is not yet a feasible task. In general, this is a subject for a separate flight of fancy.
There are several difficulties here, and not only technical ones. I have already mentioned at least one thing - the “prototype problem” - where to put it then? The second problem is the definition of scanning speed. How quickly do you need to analyze the prototype so that the vital activity of the object does not affect this process? Given the subatomic nature of this process, the times can be pico and even femtosecond ranges.
But compared to the subsequent task of creating a copy, scanning is child's play.
Perhaps I am overcomplicating the task, and it is enough just to scan the positions of the cells of the body. How the brain works is not entirely clear. How detailed should it be “photographed” in order to be able to copy the person imprinted in it?
Cyber container
Imagine a bunker where the brain is stored. Nothing superfluous - only the brain, without the usual biological container. And the containers that are remotely controlled by the brain are somewhere far away.
We need at least two technologies - brain life support systems and an interface for connecting to living brain cells.
Elon Musk recently created Neuralink. He is going to create technology that will allow people to connect their brains to a computer.
Image copyright Getty Images
For the heroes of science fiction films, teleportation is a common thing. One press of a button - and they dissolve in the air, so that in a couple of seconds they find themselves hundreds and thousands of kilometers away: in another country or even on another planet.
Is such a transfer really possible, or will teleportation forever remain a dream of writers and screenwriters? Is there any research in this area - and are we even a little closer to implementing the technology so familiar to the heroes of fantastic action movies?
The short answer to this question is yes, experiments are underway, and very actively. Moreover, scientists regularly publish articles in scientific journals about successful experiments of quantum teleportation - over greater and greater distances.
And although many famous physicists doubt that we will ever be able to teleport people, some experts are much more optimistic and assure that teleports will become a reality in a few decades.
This article has been prepared as a response to one of the submitted by our readers.
"Lies, Rumors and Tales"
First, let's clarify what exactly we are talking about. By teleportation, we mean the instantaneous movement of objects at any distance, ideally faster than the speed of light.
The word itself was coined in 1931 by the American publicist Charles Fort, who was fond of the study of paranormal phenomena. By analogy with "television", derived from the Greek τῆλε ("far") and the Latin video ("to see"), in his book "Volcanoes of the Sky" he invented a term to describe the inexplicable movements of objects in space (Latin porto means "transfer") .
"In this book, I mainly deal with the evidence that there is a kind of transference force, which I call teleportation. I will be accused of putting together outright lies, rumors, tall tales, hoaxes and superstitions. In a sense, I myself think so. In a way, no. I'm just providing data," writes Fort.
Indeed, there are many myths about such movements - for example, the common legend about the Philadelphia experiment of 1943, during which the American destroyer Eldridge was supposedly teleported 320 km away.
Image copyright NARA Image caption The same destroyer, allegedly moved in space
However, in reality, all such stories turn out to be nothing more than speculations of conspiracy theorists, according to which the authorities hide from the general public any evidence of cases of teleportation as a military secret.
In fact, the opposite is true: any achievements in this area are widely discussed in the scientific community. For example, just a week ago, American scientists talked about a new successful experience of quantum teleportation.
Let's move from urban legends and fantasy literature to rigorous science.
"From point A to point B..."
The history of real, not fictional, teleportation began in 1993, when the American physicist Charles Bennett mathematically - using formulas - proved the theoretical possibility of instantaneous quantum displacements.
Of course, these were purely theoretical calculations: abstract equations that have no practical application. However, in exactly the same way - by mathematical means - black holes, gravitational waves and other phenomena, for example, have already been discovered, the existence of which was experimentally confirmed much later.
So Bennett's calculations became a real sensation. Scientists began to actively conduct research in this direction - and the first successful experience of quantum teleportation was carried out in a few years.
Here it must be emphasized that we are talking specifically about quantum teleportation, and this is not quite the same thing that we are used to seeing in science fiction films. Transmitted from one place to another not the material object itself(for example, a photon or an atom - after all, everything consists of atoms), and information about its quantum state. However, in theory, this is enough to "restore" the original object in a new location, obtaining its exact copy. Moreover, such experiments are also successfully carried out in laboratories - but more on that below.
In the world familiar to us, this technology is easiest to compare with a photocopier or fax: you send not the document itself, but information about it in electronic form - but as a result, the recipient has an exact copy of it. With the essential difference that in the case of teleportation, the sent material object itself is destroyed, that is, it disappears - and only a copy remains.
Let's try to figure out how this happens.
Does God play dice?
Have you heard about Schrödinger's cat - the one that sits in a box, neither alive nor dead? The Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger came up with this original metaphor to describe the mysterious property of elementary particles - superposition. The fact is that quantum particles can simultaneously be in several states at once, which in the world familiar to us completely exclude each other. For example, an electron does not revolve around the nucleus of an atom, as we used to think, but is located simultaneously at all points of the orbit (with different probabilities).
Until we have opened the cat box, that is, we have not measured the characteristics of the particle (in our example, we have not determined the exact location of the electron), the cat sitting there is not just alive or dead - it is both alive and dead at the same time. But when the box is open, that is, the measurement is made, the particle is in one of the possible states - and it does not change anymore. Our cat is either alive or dead.
If in this place you finally ceased to understand anything - do not worry, no one understands this. The nature of quantum mechanics has not been explained for many decades the most ingenious physics of the world.
For teleportation, the phenomenon of quantum entanglement is used. This is when two elementary particles have the same origin and are in an interdependent state - in other words, there is some inexplicable connection between them. Due to this, entangled particles can "communicate" with each other, even being at a great distance from each other. And once you know the state of one particle, you can predict the state of another with absolute certainty.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption For many years, Albert Einstein argued about the inexplicable phenomenon of entangled particles with one of the founding fathers of quantum theory, Niels Bohr (left). During one of these disputes, Einstein uttered his famous phrase "God does not play dice", to which Bohr replied: "Albert, don't tell God what to do!"
Imagine that you have two dice that always add up to seven . You shook them in a glass and threw one bone behind your back, and the other in front of you and covered it with your palm. Raising your hand, you saw that you rolled, say, a six - and now you can confidently assert that the second bone, behind your back, fell out as a one up. After all, the sum of two numbers should be equal to seven.
Sounds incredible, right? With the dice we are accustomed to, such a number will not work, but entangled particles behave in exactly this way - and only in this way, although the nature of this phenomenon also defies explanation.
“This is the most incredible phenomenon of quantum mechanics, it is impossible to even comprehend it,” MIT professor Walter Levin, one of the most respected physicists in the world, throws up his hands. “And don’t ask me why this happens and how it works, because such a question is a blow below belts! All we can say is that this seems to be the way our world works."
However, this does not mean at all that this mysterious phenomenon cannot be used in practice - after all, it is confirmed over and over again both by formulas and experiments.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Practical teleportation
Practical experiments on teleportation began about 10 years ago in the Canary Islands under the guidance of an Austrian physicist, professor at the University of Vienna Anton Zeilinger.
In a laboratory on the island of Palma, scientists create a pair of entangled photons (A and B), and then one of them is sent using a laser beam to another laboratory located on the neighboring island of Tenerife, 144 km away. In this case, both particles are in a state of superposition - that is, we have not "opened the cat box" yet.
Then a third photon (C) is connected to the case - the one that needs to be teleported - and forced to interact with one of the entangled particles. Physicists then measure the parameters of this interaction (A + C) and transmit the resulting value to the laboratory in Tenerife, where the second entangled photon (B) is located.
The inexplicable connection between A and B will make it possible to turn B into an exact copy of particle C (A + C-B) - as if it instantly moved from one island to another without crossing the ocean. That is, teleported.
Image caption Anton Zeilinger directs practical teleportation work
"We kind of extract the information that the original carries - and create a new original in another place," explains Zeilinger, who has already teleported thousands and thousands of elementary particles in this way.
Does this mean that in the future scientists will be able to teleport any objects and even people in this way - after all, we also consist of such particles?
In theory, this is very possible. It is only necessary to create a sufficient number of entangled pairs and scatter them to different places, placing them in "teleportation cabins" - say, in London and Moscow. You enter the third cabin, which works like a scanner: a computer analyzes the quantum state of your particles, compares them with entangled ones, and sends this information to another city. And there the reverse process takes place - and your exact copy is recreated from entangled particles.
"Fundamental Issues Resolved"
In practice, everything is somewhat more complicated. The fact is that in our body there are approximately 7 octillion atoms (after the seven there are 27 zeros, that is, it is seven billion billion billion) - this is more than the stars in the observable part of the Universe.
But it is necessary to analyze and describe not only each individual particle, but also all the connections between them - after all, in a new place they must be assembled in the ideally correct order.
It is almost impossible to collect and transmit such an amount of information - at least at the current level of technology development. And when there will be computers capable of processing such volumes of data, it is not known. Now, in any case, work is being done to increase the distance between the laboratories, and not the number of teleported particles.
That is why many scientists believe that the dream of human teleportation is hardly feasible. Although, for example, a professor at the City College of New York and a well-known popularizer of science, Michio Kaku, is convinced that teleportation will become a reality by the end of the 21st century - and maybe in 50 years. Without naming specific dates, some other experts generally agree with him.
"This is a question of improving technology, improving quality. But I would say that the fundamental issues have been resolved - and there is no further limit to perfection," said Eugene Polzik, professor at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
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However, there are a lot of other questions along the way. For example, will the "copy of me" obtained as a result of such teleportation be the real me? Will she think the same, have the same memories? After all, as mentioned earlier, the original of the sent item is destroyed as a result of quantum analysis.
“For quantum teleportation, the destruction of the teleported object in the process is absolutely necessary and inevitable,” confirms Edward Farhi, who headed the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics from 2004 to 2016 and now works at Google. “I think you would just turn into a bunch of neutrons , protons and electrons. You wouldn't look your best."
On the other hand, from a purely materialistic point of view, we are determined not by the particles themselves, of which we are composed, but by their state - and this information, scientists say, is transmitted extremely accurately.
I would like to believe that this is so. And that the dream of mankind about teleportation will not turn into a reality of the famous horror film, where the main character did not notice how a fly accidentally flew into his teleportation cabin...
