Horus (Horus) is the Hellenic name of one of the most ancient Egyptian deities. The ancient Egyptians themselves probably pronounced it as "Haru". The god Horus was usually depicted as a hawk-headed man wearing an Egyptian royal crown ( millet).
God Horus (Horus)
The original meaning of the Horus cult and the place where it originated are not exactly known. Most likely, he was the god of a clear, bright sky. This is hinted at by the translation of his name (" further», « mountainous», « one who is on high”) - the image of a hawk majestically soaring in the azure heights associated with it. At the dawn of ancient Egyptian history, the worship of Horus flourished in Nekhen (“City of the Hawk”, in Greek - Hierakonpolis), located almost in the very south of the country. Therefore, it is often believed that the beginnings of the cult of this god date back to Upper (Southern) Egypt. However, there is also an opinion that the veneration of Horus first arose in the ancient city of Behdet (Nile Delta) - that is, in Lower (Northern) Egypt.
Since ancient times, the cult of Horus had not only a “natural” (sky), but also a “social” coloring. The chorus was the patron of a stable world order and the protector of monarchical power. pharaohs. It is believed that the very state unification of Ancient Egypt at the turn of the 4th-3rd millennia BC was carried out by rulers who worshiped Horus as the supreme deity. The sacred falcon is depicted on the so-called Narmer palette, which dates back to the very beginning of Egyptian royal history.
God Horus. video film
IN ancient myths the gods Horus and Seth form a pair of irreconcilable rivals, who, however, cannot exist one without the other, they condition each other. Then they were usually recognized as brothers. But at the end of the era of the Old Kingdom, the myth of Horus and Set was rethought by the priests of the authoritative religious center, Heliopolis. They introduced here the image of Osiris - the personification of the deceased pharaoh. In this new theology, Chorus (Horus) was presented as the son of Osiris. The wife and sister of the latter, Isis, conceived Horus from her deceased husband with the help of magic. Horus was no longer recognized as a brother, but as the nephew of Set, the murderer of Osiris. Coming to adulthood, he began to avenge his father and entered into a fierce battle with Seth. After much effort, Horus won and overthrew Set from the Egyptian throne, seized by him after the death of Osiris. Isis collected the parts of the body of Osiris, scattered by Set throughout the earth, and resurrected her husband. The chorus began to rule over people, and Osiris - over the souls of the dead in the afterlife. If Osiris was recognized in Ancient Egypt as the personification of the deceased pharaoh, then Horus is the king of the living, ruling. The defeated Seth was expelled from the fertile, agricultural lands of Egypt to the surrounding deserts.
Before the battle with Set, the child Horus had to overcome many dangers. He barely escaped death at the hands of his uncle, who was looking for him, intending to kill him. The image of the God-child, suffering from life's hardships, became one of the main incarnations of Horus (Chorus the Younger, Harpocrates), influencing, it is believed, the emergence of the cult of the infant Christ.
Isis and the baby Horus hiding from Set in a swamp papyrus
As the personified Sky, Chorus was later glorified in the guise of the cosmic deity Horakhti (“Chorus of both horizons”). Sometimes it was combined with the god Ra (Ra-Horakhti). The eyes of Horus were the sun and the moon. It was believed that the left eye of Horus (Moon) was damaged in the battle with Set and therefore does not shine as brightly as the right (Sun). However, the same eye was cured by the moon god Thoth and therefore acquired a huge magic power, turning into magic symbol(wadget). "Eye of Horus" transformed into " All-seeing eye» many later teachings (for example, freemasonry). shift lunar phases the ancient Egyptians associated with one of their favorite religious beliefs- the idea of permanent dying in the name of subsequent rebirth.
Various incarnations of Horus were worshiped throughout Egypt. His magnificent temple was located in the city of Edfu. Every year, a statue of the goddess of love and beauty was brought here from Dendera "on a date" with Horus. Hathor. This rite was performed until the Byzantine period. In Kom Ombo, "Hor the Elder", the avenger of Osiris, was associated with a crocodile-like god Sebek. At the end of ancient history, the worship of "Mother Isis" and her son "Harpocrates" spread widely throughout the Mediterranean, not remaining without influence on the images of the Mother of God and the Christ Child.
Horus - (Hara, Har, Khor, Khur, Horus; which means "Heavenly height", "height", "sky") - the god of the sky, the sun, light, royal power, masculinity, revered in Ancient Egypt.
Horus was depicted as a man with a falcon's head and outstretched wings. Its main symbol is the sun disk. He had 2 eyes, the right one was the eye of the Sun, the left one was the eye of the moon.
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Horus in Egyptian tradition
Horus is the son of the god of productive forces and the goddess. - goddess of love, his wife. The main enemy was his uncle Seth, the god of the desert.
In ancient Egypt, the story of Horus and Set is an allegory of the battle between the forces of light and darkness, a myth that explains the movement of the sun across the sky. Here you can see his connection with the grandfather of Horus. This also confirms the images of hieroglyphs when he had to do the work of the sun god on a heavenly barge, fighting the forces of darkness.
The birth of Horus begins with Set's betrayal of his brother Osiris. At one of the festivities at which all the gods of Egypt gathered, Set deceived Osiris in order to seize royal power in a sarcophagus specially created by him and let him go along the Nile. According to another version, Set cut Osiris into 14 pieces and scattered them in the 4 ends of Egypt.
Despite the fact that Osiris was the ruler of Egypt, he could no longer do anything. Isis, the wife of Osiris, set off in search of the remains of her husband, gathered them together and, with the help of her power, resurrected him. She turned into a bird, and conceived from Osiris the son of Horus to fight with Seth. Horus was born in the Nile Delta.
Growing up, Horus challenged Set to a duel and eventually defeated him. After several fights and thus asserting his power, as well as the law and justice of the Mountains, along with the decree of Thoth, he becomes the full ruler of the country of the Nile, and Osiris goes to the kingdom of the dead Amenti to rule there.
Interesting are the multiple parallels of the path of Horus with the path of Christ. Horus also had 12 followers, he was born to Isis Mary, because of the betrayal of Tethon, he was crucified on the cross. Resurrected after 3 days of death. During his lifetime, he performed miracles - he walked on water, cured people.
Horus was worshiped by all Egyptians. The constellation Orion was attributed to Horus.
Titles:"Horemakhet" - Horus on the horizon; "Horsies" - Horus, son of Isis. Becoming the deity of the cosmos, he was called "Khorakhti" - Horus of both horizons.
Purpose and tasks
- It personifies the victory of the forces of light over the forces of darkness, that is, truth, strength and truth.
- Defender of the living.
- Symbolizes power and masculinity.
- Keeper of the sky and the Sun, arbiter of order and justice.
- Horus is 4 incarnations: the lord of the sky, the sun god, the king of the gods and the pharaoh.
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Good afternoon, Ilya. Purple light came first. Mountains, pyramids, sand. He called for him, went into a room with walls with beautiful mosaics, a dark corridor, entered a round room trimmed with gold. In the middle, through a hole in the dome, a pillar of golden light. On the floor, the circles diverge from the center. He put me in a stream of light, he walked around. There was some effect on the brain, something was cleaned with a violet ray. In the end, they ended up where I came, said - see you tomorrow and left. I went back, as I stepped over some border.(Vera, Krasnodar)
During the initiation, one felt warmth in the ajna, a little pressure was weak. When working with the channel, the anahata began to be felt better, there was a heat in the muladhara. Vishuddha began to work differently (opened up a little). It seems that the channel either began to adapt to me, or I began to adapt to it.I crave meditation in the morning. There is a desire to search for who Gor is on the Internet.The money channel has opened for cleansing. The cause / my mission on this planet has become more clearly visible, understood. I intuitively understand that the channel is very powerful, very serious.(Denis, Ukraine)
The God of Horus in Ancient Egypt, in short, is one of the most ancient gods in the entire pantheon. His mother is the goddess Isis and his father is Osiris. God Horus was opposed to the brother of Osiris named Set.
God Horus - a symbol of heaven, royalty. This deity is famous for the fact that every pharaoh during his lifetime was considered his incarnation. God was depicted as a man with a falcon's head, and his symbol was a solar disk with outstretched wings.
According to mythology, the god Horus was born after his father, the god Osiris, was killed. Isis became pregnant magically. There is a legend that Horus in childhood was an ordinary child, no different from any other Egyptian baby. He grew, developed, sometimes even got sick.
The purpose of the god Horus was that he had to fight the killer of his father - Seth. The scene of their battle is one of the most famous legends in all of ancient Egyptian mythology.
In the very first duel between Horus and Seth, Horus was defeated and lost his eye. Only after several subsequent fights, Horus managed to return his divine eye and, with its help, resurrect his father, Osiris. The eye of Horus itself became an amulet among the ancient Egyptians - the sacred eye of wajit. People wore it on the body as a talisman and even buried it along with mummies. There is also a legend concerning the hands of the deity. God Set desecrated Horus hands. Then the goddess Isis cut them off and threw them into the swamp. However, the god Horus turned for help to the god Sebek, depicted as a crocodile, and he returned his hands from the swampy depths. After Horus took them to the god Ra, and he created similar ones. The remaining pair of hands became sacred relic, which was kept in the city of Nekhen.
Also, according to the legends, the god Horus had his own sons, but in mythology little attention is paid to them. All of them resemble mummies with animal heads - a dog, a baboon, a falcon, and only one son had a human head. The sons of Horus were considered protectors of the dead, guarding the internal organs. That is why the vessels in which the embalmers kept the insides of the deceased were made in the form of the sons of a deity.
As for the cult of this deity, Horus was worshiped throughout Egypt, but everywhere in different ways, depending on the region. Each region had its own images of this deity and holidays in his honor. This is due to the fact that a large number of birds of prey lived in ancient Egypt, and each of them was displayed in the image of the god Horus.
It should be noted that even after the end of the era of the great pharaohs, the cult of the god Horus in Ancient Egypt remained the same - the Ptolemies built a whole temple complex dedicated to this deity.
14.03.2019
The culture of Ancient Egypt is unique and interesting. It fascinates with its riddles, and it is not for nothing that this topic is so loved by directors and writers.
A tourist who goes to Egypt mainly for the hot sun and sea waves will definitely be imbued with interest in the past of this state. After all, far from all modern nations can boast of a history so ancient.
Religion of ancient Egypt
Religion is an integral part of the cultural heritage of this amazing country. The ancient Egyptians worshiped different gods, which symbolized various aspects of life, from natural phenomena to culture. There was, for example, the goddess Saf, who patronized writing.
The gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt were depicted as animals or people with animal heads. Cultists united deities into families. Today, one can learn about family ties, the lives of the gods from numerous ancient Egyptian myths.
In honor of the gods and goddesses, temples were erected, which served for the Egyptians not only as a place of worship for the gods, but also as cultural and social centers.
With the greatest respect, the inhabitants of the Nile Valley revered deities associated with the sun. The sun was an object of worship, it depended on it whether there would be a harvest or not. It was a symbol of immortality, since every night the heavenly body went beyond the horizon, “died”, and was reborn again in the morning.
God Horus - one of the main gods of the ancient Egyptians
The God Horus or Horus was one of the deities identified with the sun. He was even depicted as a sun with wings or as a falcon. There are images of Horus in the form of a man with the head of a falcon. It should be noted that on the modern Egyptian coat of arms you can see a falcon, a tribute to distant traditions.
Horus, in the form of a man with the head of a falcon, was depicted standing upright or kneeling. On his head he had one of the three crowns of Egypt - white, red or pshent, symbolizing the unity of the country, an atef crown, the same as that of Osiris' father, and a hemhemet crown.
The oldest image of Horus in the form of a falcon is kept in France, in the Louvre, this is the stele of the pharaoh Kakhedzhet. It was found in 1901 during the examination of the tomb. This is a rectangular stone slab 143 cm high, depicting a falcon proudly sitting above a snake. The image of the snake in this case was a hieroglyph denoting the name of the pharaoh himself.
Gore is one of ancient gods ancient Egyptian pantheon. It is likely that initially he was the main deity of a tribe of warlike hunters, who helped to overtake prey. When the leader of this tribe managed to conquer other tribes, Horus began to symbolize royal power.
The name of the god Horus in ancient Egypt was closely associated with the pharaoh. One of the five names of the great ruler was Horus. On one of the statues, a god in the form of a falcon covers the head of the pharaoh. Thus, the pharaoh was the earthly incarnation of the god Horus.
Researchers have a question whether the gods Horus and Ra are not the same deity. During the period of the new kingdom, they were indeed united into a single deity Ra-Horakhti, but initially it was two different god. This is evidenced by the texts of ancient documents and images.
In general, the God of Horus is known in several guises, he united various deities in his image. One of the incarnations is the god Horus Bekhdetsky. He is the son of the god Ra, accompanying his father on his journey along the Nile and hitting enemies with a harpoon, led by Set. Horus Bekhdetsky was married to Hathor and had a son Horus - Sematawi. The famous temple in Edfu is dedicated to this deity.
Another hypostasis of this deity was Horus, born of Osiris and Isis.
Family ties of the god Horus
In the mythology of Ancient Egypt, there is the following information about the parents of Horus. The first-born was born to Geb and Nut, whom the god Ra proclaimed the lord and good king. He received the name Osiris, then his brother Seth was born. Osiris brought people out of savagery, taught crafts and agriculture. He married Isis, who wielded magic.
Osiris was a kind and just king whom his people loved and glorified, but his brother wanted to take the throne and get the power granted to Osiris by the god Ra. The evil Set killed his brother Osiris and seized power. He threw the body of his brother in a sarcophagus into the waters of the Nile. But Isis, thanks to her magical power found the body of her husband, extracted the vitality from it, and conceived Horus.
She hid the body of Osiris in a safe place, but Seth found it and, cutting it into 14 pieces, scattered it in different places in Egypt. Isis found and collected again into one whole body and reburied it.
As an adult, Horus entered into a fight with Set. First, Seth defeated him by tearing out Horus' eye, which appears in mythology as the “Wonderful Eye” or “Eye of Ra”. Then the god Horus still managed to win, tearing off Set what made him a man.
The Eye of Ra was later given by Horus to Osiris. He swallowed it and revived. He proclaimed Horus Pharaoh of Egypt. Osiris himself began to rule the realm of the dead.
According to the documents, during his earthly life Horus was very an educated person, he managed to achieve unlimited power and control his people.
Temple of Horus at Edfu
The ancient Egyptians often grouped their gods into families. The trinity of the gods Osiris-Isis-Gora is the most revered among them. In honor of these gods, a large number of religious buildings were built.
One of the largest monuments dedicated to god Horus, is the temple of Horus of Behdet in Edfu, a city in Upper Egypt on the west bank of the Nile. Those who go to Egypt will be interested to see this amazing building, which has survived to this day almost without any changes.
For 20 centuries, the temple did not turn into ruins, as it was buried under layers of deposits from later periods of history. Only in 1860 did the Egyptologist Auguste Mariet find this monument.
The temple is 139 meters long, 79 meters wide, the height of the pylons is 36 meters. This is the second largest temple in Egypt after Karnak. The monument was built according to the classical architectural canons of Ancient Egypt.
The entrance is decorated with a massive pylon. Behind it was a courtyard, surrounded on three sides by columns. The capitals of the columns were decorated in different ways - the three neighboring ones never resembled each other, but had paired ones on the other side of the portico.
Behind the courtyard were two halls. The first, hypostyle, had 18 columns. Its walls are decorated with scenes of sacrifices. In the second, the Hall of Apparitions, there were fewer columns, total number 12, and the hall itself is smaller and more elegant.
Next was the hall of offerings, from where there was a staircase to the roof and a series of small halls, there were chapels dedicated to other gods, including Osiris, Ptah, Khons. Then the path led to the sanctuary. In ancient times, only the great priests and the pharaoh had access to it. The walls of the temple are decorated with drawings depicting the victory of Horus over Set and his allies. The enemies of the god Horus are presented in the form of crocodiles and hippos.
The walls of the temple are the source of a large amount of information about Ancient Egypt. They contain information on mythology, astronomy, geography, construction. They depict the meaning of the canons and proportions taken as a basis for the construction of the temple. There you can also find recipes for incense that were used during rituals and a list of the names of the city of Edfu: Ain, Hebenu, Mesen.
The Temple of Horus was taken as the basis for the design of the Egyptian hall in the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. Museum director I. Tsvetaev specially in 1909 went to Egypt to get acquainted with unique architecture countries. The temple at Edfu made an indelible impression on him. He decided that such a design and such dimensions most of all correspond to the design of the museum hall.
Numerous reliefs of the temple depict Horus, his parents Osiris and Isis, the wife of Hathor, who came to him with a magnificent procession from Dendera. There is also an image of the Valiant Chorus, the Golden Chorus, the Khenti-Kheti Choir.
The Temple of Horus in Edfu is a magnificent architectural monument of Ancient Egypt, interesting for both scientists and ordinary history buffs.
Conclusion
The history of Egypt is, to a certain extent, the history of all mankind. This country in ancient times was the birthplace of modern civilization. Interest in it is also huge because too many secrets and mysteries are connected with the past of the ancient state.
Egypt is one of the most beautiful holiday destinations on our planet. Tourists who come there in hundreds and thousands have the opportunity to plunge into the past, see the legendary monuments of a distant civilization. Egypt, its history, its gods cannot leave anyone indifferent.
By order of the god Ra, he collected the scattered (and in another version - chopped by Set) members of Osiris, embalmed the body and swaddled it. Isis, in the form of a falcon, sank on the corpse of Osiris and, miraculously conceived from him, gave birth to a son, Horus. Horus is both conceived and born in order to act as a natural avenger for the death of his father. At the same time, he considers himself the only legitimate heir of the latter.
Secretly fed and raised by his mother in the swamps of the Delta, Horus goes, “shod in white sandals,” to a duel with Set, demanding before the court of the gods the condemnation of the offender and the return of Osiris’ inheritance to him, the only son of the deceased king. After a long litigation, which lasted eighty years according to one version of the myth, Horus is recognized as the eligible (in Egyptian "right-handed") heir of Osiris and receives the kingdom; the god Thoth records the decision of the court of the gods.
After this, Horus resurrects his father Osiris by letting him swallow his eye (see " Wadjet"). However, Osiris does not return to earth and remains the king of the dead, leaving Horus to rule the kingdom of the living.
Horus in antiquity
The myth of Horus is mentioned by a number of Greek authors. Son of Osiris, Egyptian deity. In Herodotus, he was identified with Apollo. The Greeks called the Horus constellation Orion. Legendary God of Light. He was also the god of heaven in ancient times. He was also the sun god.
Depicted as a man with the head of a falcon. Or in the form of the falcon itself.
In Egyptian mythology, the falcon god, the special patron of the royal house and the king personally. The name of Horus was included in the royal title and the word "Horus" before the name meant the same as "king". And the sign "falcon" denoted the term "god".
The religion of the sun-worshippers that revered Horus arose back in the days of the pre-dynastic Egyptians, who moved to the North and united the country through conquests.
There were several forms of the god Horus. This cult has absorbed many beliefs. Odin Horus was the brother of Osiris, the son of the heavenly cow Hathor. The second Horus is the son of the god Osiris and the goddess Isis. Nephew of the god Set.
Ra in line with religious syncretism was also compared with the local deities of light: Amon (in Thebes), under the name of Amon-Ra, Khnum (in Elephantine) - in the form of Khnum-Ra, Horus - in the form of Ra-Horakhti. The last comparison was especially common.
Horus was revered in Letopolis, a city that was located near Memphis. Horus was revered at Edfu. The Mountain of Two Eyes was revered in Shedenu (East Delta).
In some myths, the scorpion goddess named Selkit appears as the wife of the god Horus.
Merging the image of Horus with other gods: The God of Horus Two eyes, which were represented by the Sun and the Moon, was very popular in Egypt. The god Horus was associated with the god Harati (Gorakhuti or Gormakhis), and was called the Horus of Two Horizons. This Horus was united with Ra, as the solar god of Heliopolis, and became known as Ra-Harati. As a result, the symbol of the god Horus was not a falcon, but a solar disk. As the golden Horus, he became the god of the dawn. In Letopolis there was a temple in honor of Eyeless Horus, which symbolized Solar eclipse. There was also Horus the Revealer of Secrets.
The Legend of Mount Ra-Harati (Ra-Gorahuti) When the great god Ra was still king of Egypt, he went to Nubia with his army. And Horus met him at Edfu. Moreover, it is said that Horus greeted Ra as his father. But according to the legend of Heliopolis, Horus was the son of Osiris, and Osiris himself was the son of Geb. And only Geb was directly the son of Ra-creator. And this confirms the fact that there were several Hores in Egypt.
Ra instructed Horus to pursue and punish the enemies. And Horus rushes at them and kills without mercy. Ra thanks Horus for the victory with these words: "You killed my enemies. You filled the water with blood. You made the waters red and my heart rejoices!" Then Horus captured the god Set, who led the enemies of Ra, and brought him bound to the master. And after that, Ra ordered Horus to deliver the captive Set to another Horus, the son of the goddess Isis. And the younger Horus cut off Seth's head, after which he turns into a great serpent and hides in the ground. There is no Osiris in this legend, and here the priests of Heliopolis clearly wanted to replace Osiris with the god Ra.
Notes
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