St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, or the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Mother of God on the Moat The temple was built on Red Square at the end of the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible in honor of the capture of Kazan. It is considered one of the main symbols not only of Moscow, but also of Russia. In its place there used to be a defensive ditch around the Kremlin. The temple consists of 9 churches on one foundation. Central - Pokrovsky. It was on the holiday of the Intercession that a decisive victory was won and Kazan was taken. Later, the relics of the Moscow Christ, buried nearby, were transferred to the temple for the sake of the holy fool Vasily, who had the gift of clairvoyance, and the temple began to be called among the people by the name of this saint revered by Muscovites. All its domes and drums are different in color and shape of decoration. The temple has an interesting feature. Whichever side you approach it from, it seems that this side is the main one. Leaving Moscow in 1812, the French mined the cathedral, but were unable to blow it up. The second time the Bolsheviks planned to remove it so as not to interfere, in 1936, but the temple was preserved and still makes us happy.
The Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, or the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ The temple was created in gratitude for the intercession of Christ as a monument in honor of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 using public money. In 1931 it was destroyed by the Bolsheviks. In its place, the Communists planned to build their Palace of Soviets, but were only able to build the Moscow outdoor swimming pool. Restored in the late 90s of the 20th century. Can accommodate a person. It is considered the main temple of Russia. Nowadays, it consists of upper and lower churches and a number of halls - the Hall of Church Councils, the Meeting Hall of the Holy Synod, etc.
Russian tsars were crowned here, the head of the church was elected here, and metropolitans and patriarchs were buried here. Construction of a large stone cathedral in the Kremlin began in the 15th century under Ivan III, but the first attempt was unsuccessful and the temple collapsed. The prince invited a master from Italy, Aristotle Fiorovanti, who studied Russian architecture and built a temple that became the main cathedral of the country. It was painted by the great Russian icon painter of the 15th century Dionysius and his disciples. The painting has been partially preserved to this day. One of the main shrines of Rus', the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, was kept in the Assumption Cathedral.
It was the home church of Moscow rulers. Here they were baptized, confessed and received communion. The snow-white temple with 9 domes was painted by Theophanes the Greek, Andrei Rublev Prokhor from Gorodets. The earliest surviving works of the great Andrei Rublev have been preserved here. In the paintings of the temple we see Moscow princes, kings and Byzantine emperors, and on the walls of the porch there is an interesting image of 12 pagan sages - the heralds of Christ. The Don Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos was kept here, in front of which Russian soldiers prayed before the Battle of Kulikovo. Later it was moved to the Donskoy Monastery.
The patron of the Russian princes was the leader of the heavenly army, Archangel Michael. The first temple in honor of him was built in Moscow by Ivan Kalita in the 14th century. It became the tomb of Moscow great princes and kings. The New Archangel Cathedral was built in the 16th century by the Italian master Aleviz Novy.
Church of the Nativity of Christ - Diveevo The Church of the Nativity of Christ was built by order of the Queen of Heaven to the entrance to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God so that the altar of the Nativity Church was in place of the Kazan porch. According to the commandment of the Reverend, in the Church of the Nativity of Christ, an unquenchable candle burned and has been relit since 1992 in front of the image of the Savior. An ancient fresco depicting the Savior surrounded by angels has been preserved in the altar. The temple was re-consecrated in 1993.
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary The church in the name of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary was built in the summer of 1830. Therefore Fr. Seraphim instructed Elena Vasilievna Manturova and St. Vasily to go to Nizhny Novgorod to obtain permission from the bishop to consecrate the new Church of the Nativity of the Virgin.
Church of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Nativity Church) Erected by G.D. Stroganov. on Nizhny Posad below the temple of the same name, built by the merchant-industrialist S.F. Zadorin. in 1653 on the terrace of the Dyatlov Mountains. In the 17th century nearby there were several stone chambers and winter courtyards of Stroganov. After the death of Zadorin, Stroganov made the Nativity Church a brownie, and by 1685 he added the Grigorievsky chapel to it in honor of his patron saint. After the completion of the Smolensk Church in Gordeevka, he began construction of a new Church of the Nativity.
The Church of the Assumption on Ilyinskaya Mountain is the only one known in Russian stone architecture for churches with a top in the form of a cross-shaped barrel with four faces (a technique that is widespread in wooden church construction, but extremely rare for stone). It was built on the site of a previously existing wooden one with the money of the merchant Afanasi Olisov. The church is also unique for its 17th-century Balakhna tiles.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral () Driving along the Kanavinsky Bridge or walking along the embankments of the upper part of Nizhny, it is impossible not to pay attention to the bright yellow Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, which stands out against the background of the area across the river. In height, equal to the height of a 26-story building, in its dimensions the cathedral ranks third in Russia after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
Temple-
… a building dedicated to God and intended for worship.
If there are several temples in a city, the main one is called a “cathedral.”
… it is the center of our spiritual life. In it our spiritual birth and transformation take place, here we accept
… “the house of God,” where God Himself is invisibly present.
CHURCH ETIQUETTE
1) Enter the temple with prayer.
2) Behave quietly and reverently in church.
3) During the service, you cannot talk, do not push, and stand calmly in one place.
4) Men should stand with their heads uncovered, and women should wear a headscarf in the temple.
5) If you don’t know something, ask quietly.
keywords
Temple
Candle
Censer
Icon
Incense
Our Lady
Priest
Lamp
Cross
Bell
Sacrament
Everyday
Altar
Royal Doors
Bell ringing Funeral table
Dome
Divine service
RESEARCH WORK IN GROUPS
The first "research table"
1)What was the name of the temple in the old days? Why?
2) Why do people visit the temple?
3)Where were churches built in Rus'?
Third "research table"
Explore the interior of the temple
1) What parts are distinguished in the internal structure of the temple?
2) What and how happens in the Altar of the Temple?
3) Give an explanation of the concepts: narthex, church candle, iconostasis, icon, altar, Royal Doors
Second "research table"
Explore the external structure of the temple according to plan:
1) In what form were temples built and are being built?
2) What does the dome symbolize? How many chapters can there be?
temple? What do they remind you of?
3) What does the cross symbolize?
Fourth "research table"
Using texts to explore:
1) What is called a belfry?
2) What musical instrument exists in the Orthodox Church?
3) Why do bells ring and why are they needed?
Blagovest -
good news
What does good news mean?
(peace, tranquility, goodness,
joy happiness
holiday)
Thank you - I give you all the blessings!
Chime
Ivan the Great belltower
Belfry of the Vladimir-Suzdal Monastery.
Trezvon
Bell tower
Trinity - Sergeyeva Lavra.
Easter hymns and chimes of the Trinity of Sergeyeva Lavra
Isaac Levitan "Evening Bells" »
HUMAN
TEMPLE
A man is once born .
The person gets a name. Christians name their child after a Christian saint.
A temple is once born: the first stone is laid in its foundation and construction begins.
And the temple has a name - it is consecrated in honor of a holy person or a holy holiday, or a holy icon.
Complete the sentences
- I found out)___________________________
- I want to know more____________________
- I was surprised that _____________
- I want to tell my parents___________
- For me, a temple is ____________________
Holy Rus' is calling
Hieromonk ROMAN
Bom, bom, bom - the morning is disturbed,
Bom, bom, bom - drowns out the noise of the birds.
Bom, bom, bom - hurry to the temples of God,
Bom, bom, bom - for now, while they are still calling.
Holy Rus' is calling, the ringing floats, as of old.
Holy Rus' lives as long as the bell rings.
Bom, bom, bom - where are you, sons of the Russians,
Bom, bom, bom - why have you forgotten Mother?
Bom, bom, bom - aren't you listening to this music?
Bom, bom, bom - were you marching forward to die?!
You walked for the Fatherland without firing a single shot
And under the machine guns they leveled the row......
The birds have pecked out your eyes, dear ones,
Slide 1
Temples of Russia
Slide 2
In the darkened rays of the horizon I looked at the surroundings, where Ferapont’s soul saw Something of God in earthly beauty. And one day they emerged from a dream, from this praying soul, like grass, like water, like birches, a wondrous wonder in the Russian wilderness! And the heavenly-earthly Dionysius, having appeared from neighboring lands, raised this wondrous wonder to a level never seen before... N. Rubtsov.
Slide 3
Types of Russian churches.
Over the centuries, the unique appearance of ancient Russian architecture was formed. The Byzantines were the first teachers of the Russians. But barely emerging from the swaddling clothes of apprenticeship, Russian architecture went its own independent path.
Slide 4
Cross-domed churches.
The entire central space of the temple in plan forms a cross. Pyramidal composition: from the central dome, all forms of the temple gradually decrease.
Slide 5
Tent temples.
The internal space is unified. Outside, the temple is crowned with a tent - an elongated, high four- or octagonal roof.
Slide 6
Tiered temples.
They consist of parts and sections placed on top of each other and gradually decreasing towards the top. The temple is replete with rich external decoration.
Slide 7
Rotunda churches.
The buildings are round in plan, similar to a pavilion. In rotunda churches, architectural elements such as a porch with columns or columns along the walls in a circle are often found.
Slide 8
Temple-ships.
The cubic temple, connected to the bell tower by a rectangular building, looks like ships.
Slide 9
The temple as an image of the cosmos.
apses
drum
dome
dome
zakomars
valance
arcature
Slide 10
Domes
The number of domes on Orthodox churches is deeply symbolic. The two domes signify the two natures (Divine and human) in Jesus Christ; three domes - Trinity; five - Jesus Christ and four evangelists. The seven domes reflect the various sacred meanings of the number 7: the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, the seven days of the creation of the world. Nine domes - nine ranks of the Heavenly Forces; 13 domes (as on the St. Sophia Cathedrals in Kyiv and Novgorod) symbolize Christ and His 12 Apostles. Very unique, expressive multi-domed ensembles also arose in Russia. The famous Kizhi churchyard on Lake Onega, consisting of two multi-domed churches and a single-domed bell tower, has a total number of domes of 33, symbolizing 33 years of the earthly life of Christ the Savior.
Slide 11
Temple interior
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1 – Altar 2 – Iconostasis 3 – Solea 4 – Pulpit 5 – Choir 6 – Sails 7 – Throne 8 – High place and throne for hierarchs 9 – Altar 10 – Royal Doors 11 – Deacon’s Gate
Slide 12
Scheme of the temple painting.
1. Savior Almighty
2. angels
3. prophets, apostles
4. evangelists
5. Our Lady of Oranta
6. Eucharist
7. saints
8. martyrs
Slide 13
Diva is amazing.
In Rus' they have long said about the beautiful creation of human hands, the sight of which makes the heart skip a beat: “Wonderful, marvelous.” There are temples in Rus' that seem to have been created not by human hands, but by someone’s magical will. And from afar these temples resemble either ancient ships rushing somewhere with full sails, or gingerbread cities from fairy tales.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
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Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. The existing structure, built in the 1990s, is an external recreation of the temple of the same name, created in the 19th century.
3 slide
Slide description:
On December 25, 1812, when the last Napoleonic soldiers left Russia, Emperor Alexander I signed the Highest Manifesto on the construction of a church in Moscow, which at that time lay in ruins. Author: Naydenov N. A. - http://www.temples.ru/show_picture.php?PictureID=1500, Public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41385933 Temple 1880 g. The original temple was erected in memory of the Napoleonic invasion according to the design of the architect K. A. Ton. Construction lasted almost 44 years: the temple was founded on September 23, 1839, consecrated on May 26, 1883.
4 slide
Slide description:
In 1931, it was decided: “To choose the area of the Cathedral of Christ in the mountains as the site for the construction of the House of Soviets. Moscow with the demolition of the temple itself and with the necessary expansion of the area.” Hurried work to dismantle the building continued for several months, but it was not possible to dismantle it to the ground, and then it was decided to blow it up. On December 5, 1931, two explosions were carried out - after the first explosion, the temple stood. According to the recollections of shocked witnesses, powerful explosions shook not only nearby buildings, but were felt several blocks away. It took almost a year and a half just to dismantle the ruins of the temple left after the explosion. The construction of the Palace of Soviets, begun in 1937, was not destined to be completed; the Great Patriotic War began.
5 slide
Slide description:
In April 1988, an initiative group was organized in Moscow for the reconstruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior; one of the driving ideas was the idea of repentance. On December 5, 1990, a granite foundation stone was installed at the site of future construction, in 1992 a fund for the construction of the temple was founded, and construction began in 1994. It is known that the money contributed by the Military-Industrial Bank (50 million rubles) was used to start construction.
6 slide
Slide description:
Fragment of bronze sculptures on the pediment of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Author: WM wm WM - own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45609069
7 slide
Slide description:
How is an Orthodox church structured? The symbolism of the temple explains to believers the essence of the temple as the beginning of the future Kingdom of Heaven, puts before them the image of this Kingdom in the Revelation of St. Evangelist John the Theologian (Apocalypse) the symbolic image of the Heavenly City - Holy Jerusalem is conveyed in the following definitions: “It has a large and high wall, has twelve gates... three gates from the east, three gates from the north, three gates from the south, three gates from the west gate" (Rev. 21:12-13); “The city is laid out in a quadrangle... its length and breadth and height are equal” (Rev. 21:16); “The wall thereof was built of jasper, and the city was pure gold, like pure glass” (Rev. 21:18); “The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His servants will serve Him” (Rev. 22:3).
8 slide
Slide description:
In patristic interpretations, the temple is likened to the image of God. Thus, the three-part structure of the temple corresponds to the trinity of God. The otherworldliness of God and the Church is expressed in the forms of the temple, which are different from the forms of residential and other structures for earthly purposes. The incomprehensible God reveals Himself in the world in the names: Love, Light, Truth, Beauty, Unity, Good. In temple architecture, these names are expressed in the proportional correspondence of the whole and parts, symmetry, clarity of composition, integrity, recognizable form, tectonicity of the structure. The interior of the cross-domed church is an integral system of hierarchically ordered spaces, developing from the side naves, where the main part of the worshipers are located, to the central under-dome space and further upward - to the dome, on which there is a light-filled image of the Head of the Church - Christ Pantocrator. Such a harmonious spatial system clearly represents the symbolic essence of the temple as the beginning of the future Kingdom of God.
Slide 9
Slide description:
10 slide
Slide description:
Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. When and by whom the icon was brought to Russia from Greece - there is no completely clear and reliable information about this. Evgeniy Poselyanin pointed out that there was one legend in which it was reported that the icon came to Russia in the middle of the 11th century (in 1046), when the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomakh blessed his daughter, Princess Anna, who became the wife of Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich, with it on the road. The icon became the ancestral shrine of the Russian princes, a symbol of continuity and dynastic closeness of Constantinople and Rus'. The son of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, Prince Vladimir Monomakh, in 1095 moved the icon from Chernigov (his first inheritance) to Smolensk, where in 1101 he founded the Church of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in which the icon was placed and became known as Smolensk.
11 slide
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12 slide
Educational institution | State budgetary special (correctional) educational institution for students and pupils with disabilities special (correctional) secondary school No. 13 of the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg |
Teacher | Pekareva Ekaterina Konstantinovna, history teacher |
ORKSE course | Module “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” |
Textbook | A. Kuraev “Fundamentals of Orthodox culture” |
Lesson topic | "Orthodox church" |
Class | 4th grade |
The purpose of the lesson | Give an idea of the purpose of an Orthodox church and its structure |
Lesson Objectives | 1. Introduce the concept of “Orthodox church”. 2. Introduce students to the purpose, appearance and structure of an Orthodox church. 3. To form an idea of its value as a national house of prayer, a shrine for Orthodox people. 4. To develop interest in knowledge about churches, motivation to study Orthodox culture, to enrich and activate the historical and cultural vocabulary of students. 5. Foster a value attitude towards spiritual, historical and cultural heritage. |
Equipment | multimedia projector, computer, slide presentation |
Subject: "Orthodox church"
The purpose of the lesson: to form in students an idea of an Orthodox church, its structure, and its significance in the life of an Orthodox person.
Tasks:
educational:
Introduce students to Orthodox churches and temples in St. Petersburg
Give students an idea of why the temple is called the “House of God”;
Introduce the structure of the temple;
developing:
To develop students' reading skills and abilities;
Develop in children the skill and ability to work with illustrative material and the text of the textbook;
educational:
To instill in children a sense of respect for the origins and traditions of Orthodox culture, respect for other people
- cultivate a value-based attitude towards spiritual, historical and cultural heritage.
Preliminary preparation for the lesson for students and their parents: Students prepare a performance and, together with their parents, find information about temples.
Basic concepts of the lesson: temple, eve, iconostasis, altar, Royal Doors.
Lesson equipment:
Kuraev A.V. Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Grades 4–5: Educational. allowance for general education establishment M.: Education, 2012.
Interactive whiteboard, computer, projector, slide presentation.
During the classes:
- Organizing time.
Hello guys! I am glad to see you in the lesson “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture.”
II. Updating students' knowledge.
Listen to the poem - a riddle.
This house is not just a house.
He is beautiful and has a cross.
Golden domes. Ringing bells.
Bim-bom-bom. Ding-ding-ding-ding.
Some with mom, some alone
Pray in this house
Walks in holy trepidation
In the mornings and evenings...
This - ORTHODOX CHURCH!
What do you guys think we're talking about? How did you guess? How many of you have been to an Orthodox church?
III. Learning new material.
1). Introduction to the topic.
Find an Orthodox church (slide 2)
There are temples in other religious cultures. Find an Orthodox church.
(The slide shows images of various temples: a mosque, an Orthodox temple, a Buddhist temple)
Why did you decide so? Prove it.
(It has a dome with a cross on it.)
Try to define the word "temple".
(students define the word “temple”)
A temple is a building in which people pray to God and light candles.
There are many icons in the temple.
Why do people visit temples?
In the temple, a person approaches God, thanks him or asks for something.
All your answers are absolutely correct.
Let's read a more detailed definition of the word temple (slide 3)
Temple - this is a sacred building in which people who believe in God, who venerate icons and the Bible, gather for joint and individual prayers, services and rituals, as well as a place for a person’s spiritual life, where the soul finds peace and protection. Every person meets God in the temple. This means that the temple is a special place.
Guys, today in the lesson you will learn how an Orthodox church is structured, what people do in churches and how to behave in a church.
- Types of temples.
Working with the presentation “Orthodox Temples” (slides 4-9)
There have always been many temples in Rus'. Now Orthodox traditions are being revived. New churches are being restored, restored, and built. Russian people have always tried to dedicate to God the best they are capable of.
Since ancient times, temples have been built in the most beautiful places, but before construction they usually prayed for the Lord to indicate the required location. Having learned the will of God, the builders began work.
How is the temple different from all other buildings?
It has a dome with a cross on it.
3) External structure of the temple.(slide 10)
The temple is being built according to special rules, canons. People did not themselves come up with what a temple should be like. The temple building itself is built either in the form of a cross - a symbol of Christ, or in the form of a circle - a symbol of eternity, or in the form of a ship where people escape from life's storms.
Every detail of the temple has deep meaning and significance. The temple ends with a dome, a symbol of heaven, on which they place a head with a cross. Cross - the main sign of Christianity, a sign of the salvation of people. Christ died on the cross, and the cross above the temple is the banner of His victory over death.
In Russian architecture, churches with domes of various shapes appeared - helmet-shaped (such were built in Vladimir and Pskov) and onion-shaped (Trinity-Sergius Lavra, churches of Yaroslavl and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky (slide 11)
(slide 12) The number of domes is always symbolic, for example: one corresponds to the Unity of God, seven - the seven Sacraments of the Church, thirteen symbolize Jesus Christ and his twelve disciples. But most often there are three and five-domed domes.
(slide13) A bell tower is usually built above the entrance to the temple - a tower on which a bell hangs. The bell tower is an image of height, of fortress. At first, the bells did not have a specific place and were hung in convenient niches inside the temple. Then they began to build special belfries. The bells had to hang high so that their sound could travel far.
The first bells appeared with the advent of Christianity in Rus', and began to spread in the 14th century. The ringing of bells accompanies prayer and accompanies a person’s spiritual life. Bells sounded both on days of celebration and when trouble struck: the bell announced the approach of the enemy, called soldiers to battle, was a call for help in times of disaster, welcomed victorious regiments, and brought joy and solemnity to the holidays.
(slide 14)Calls may change one after another depending on the nature of the services. Blagovest - This is a bell ringing in which one bell is struck rhythmically. Ringing means ringing several bells at the same time.
There are chimes(overkill) and ringing. Chime is the sound of different bells being struck alternately. Trezvon is a joyful ringing of all bells at the same time. And in times of disaster it sounds alarm bell - the ringing of a large bell. Only the bell ringer can ring the bells.
Internal structure of the temple(slide15)
1. Altar
2. Middle part
3. Narthex
4. Iconostasis
5. Throne
6. Altar
7. Mountain place
8. Sacristy
9. Solea
10. Pulpit
11. Choirs
Let's go to the temple
Maybe someone can name what parts the temple consists of?
(children's assumptions)
We go up the steps and stop at an area called the porch.
An Orthodox church is divided into three parts: the vestibule, the temple itself (middle part) and the altar (slide 16)
Those who were preparing for baptism and those who repented used to stand in the vestibule. Currently, the vestibule is relatively small. Candles are sold here, you can write notes about health and repose.
(slide 17) The second largest part is a place for parishioners gathered for church services. In the center there is a lectern with an icon of the holiday. Here and at other icons we can light candles for the health of our loved ones and relatives.
(slide 18) On the left side there is a funeral table - cannunik , here candles are usually lit for the repose, and memorial services are served, that is, funeral services for the dead.
(slide 19) The most important part of the temple is the altar, a holy place, therefore the uninitiated are not allowed to enter it. The altar means the sky where God dwells, and the temple means the earth.
(slide20) The most important place in the altar is throne - a specially consecrated quadrangular table, decorated with two materials: the lower one - white linen and the upper one - brocade. It is believed that Christ himself is invisibly present on the throne and therefore only priests can touch it.
(slide 21) The altar is separated from the temple iconostasis - a partition on which icons are located in several rows, facing the praying believers. Through them the Gospel is brought to people. And the Gospel is the word of our Christ. For Christians, Christ is the King.
The first icon to the right of the icon of the Savior (not counting the southern door) should always be temple icon , i.e. an image of the holiday or saint in whose honor the temple was consecrated.
The iconostasis has 3 doors, the main ones being the middle ones ( Royal Doors (slide 22)
Christ Himself, the King of Glory in the Holy Gifts, invisibly emerges through them. When the Royal Doors are open, you can see what is inside the altar.
To the right of the Royal Doors is always the icon of Christ. On the left is always the icon of Mary, the Mother of God
- Working with the textbook. (pp48-49)
“Special temple items” (slide 23)
- Creative works of students.
- And now we will listen to the stories of your classmates. They prepared short reports about the churches of St. Petersburg.
St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg– an outstanding example of Russian religious art. It is one of the most beautiful and significant domed structures not only in Russia, but also in the world. In size, the temple is second only to the Cathedrals of St. Peter in Rome, St. Paul in London and St. Mary in Florence. The height of the temple is 101.5 meters, and the total weight reaches three hundred thousand tons. The area is 4000 sq. m. The temple can accommodate up to 12,000 people. Before the revolution of 1917, St. Isaac's Cathedral was the main cathedral of St. Petersburg, and only after 1937 it turned into a historical and art museum. The belfries of St. Isaac's Cathedral are located in the corners of the main building. The bells are made of an alloy of copper, tin and silver. In 1848, a main bell weighing about 30 tons, decorated with images of Russian sovereigns, was installed on the northwestern bell tower of the cathedral.There are three altars in the temple. The main altar is dedicated to Isaac of Dalmatia, the altar on the right is dedicated to the Holy Great Martyr Catherine, and the left altar is dedicated to the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. The iconostasis of the main altar is lined with white marble, decorated with malachite columns, behind it we see a colored stained glass window “The Resurrection of Christ”. The Royal Doors are also decorated with columns and the sculptural group “Christ Voslav”.
Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg- an Orthodox cathedral church located in the very center of the city. The facades of the temple overlook Nevsky Prospekt and the Griboyedov Canal. This is one of the largest buildings in the Northern capital. Its height reaches 71.5 meters. Since there should be an entrance in the west of the temple and an altar in the east, the temple turned out to be sideways to Nevsky Prospekt. According to the architect's decision, a grandiose colonnade of 96 columns 13 meters high, made in the form of a semicircle, was erected in front of the northern facade. And the northern part of the temple, facing Nevsky Prospect, became the front door, decorating the main thoroughfare of the city - Nevsky Prospekt.The temple project was not fully realized. According to the plan, the colonnade should have been on both sides: on the south and on the north. But only the northern colonnade was built. All important events in the history of Russia were connected with the temple. From here, after a solemn prayer service, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov left for the active army. And here in June 1813 the ashes of the great commander were delivered. Kutuzov's body was buried in a crypt built in the northern aisle of the temple. Captured banners and keys to cities that surrendered to the Russian army were placed nearby.
Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg- it is believed that at the place where the Black River (now Monastyrka) flows into the Neva, on July 15, 1240, a battle between the squad of Prince Alexander Nevsky and the Swedes took place. In memory of those events, as well as in honor of the victory over the Swedes in 1704, Peter I decided to build a monastery here and gave it the name - Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Prince Alexander Nevsky was canonized by the church for his good deeds for the Fatherland. The people called the monastery Alexander's Temple. According to the project, the monastery complex included churches, cells (monks’ living rooms), the metropolitan’s chambers and other buildings. The buildings were built in a “rest” - the letter P with churches in the corners. A garden with a flower bed was laid out on the territory of the monastery. In the mid-18th century, several more buildings were built, including the Metropolitan House, the Seminary, and the Prosphora buildings (architect M. D. Rastorguev). I. Starov also designed a round square in front of the entrance to the monastery territory. In 1720, a printing house was opened at the monastery. Later, the monastery housed a seminary, which was transformed into the Theological Academy, which still operates today. By decree of Paul the First in 1797, the monastery acquired the highest status - the status of a monastery.
6) Teamwork.
Do you often go to church?
Did you know that in the temple there are special rules of behavior called church etiquette? (slide 24)
Over the centuries, the image of an Orthodox Christian has been developed, by which he can be recognized. This image has become a tradition and even an unwritten rule.
Clothing must be appropriate for the gender. Women must cover their heads and wear a long-sleeved dress or blouse with a skirt that covers their legs. Trousers, as predominantly men's clothing, are not accepted.
Men wear trousers and a long-sleeved shirt.
All clothing must be clean and tidy. On holidays she can be dressed up.
Loud talking and excessive gesticulation are not accepted in the temple. And of course, mobile phone signals, much less talking on it, are unacceptable.
What should a boy remember when entering a temple?
What should girls look like when they come to church services?
How do we enter the temple?
V. Consolidation of the studied material. Independent work(slide 25)
Insert keywordsroyal doors, Jesus Christ, dome, eve, Mother of God, altar, western part, porch, candles, iconostasis into the text.
Every Christian church is crowned with ………. with a cross. The entrance to the temple is in the …………… part. The temple is divided into three parts: the altar, the temple and …………. Inside the temple, the main place is …………… It is separated from the worshipers ………….In the center of the iconostasis are doors. They are called …………. To the right of the Royal Doors there is always an icon ……………. On the left is always the icon…………………. A square table on which many ……………… are lit is called ………………. There they pray for people who have already passed away.
VI. Reflection.
- What mood will you leave the lesson in?
VII. Lesson summary.
What is a temple?
What is an iconostasis?
What attracts a person to the temple?
VIII. Homework:
- - tell your parents what you remember in class
- - compose and arrange a memo “How to behave in church”
- -draw a temple.
List of used literature
- A.V. Kuraev “Fundamentals of Orthodox culture” textbook for 4th grade, M.: “Prosveshchenie”, 2010
- OPK. Methodological recommendations for the textbook. M.: “Enlightenment”, 2010
Materials used and Internet resources
- http://pravoslavie58region.ru/index.php?loc=palomnik-pamiatka.htm
Slide captions:
A temple is a sacred building in which people who believe in God, who venerate icons and the Bible, gather for joint and individual prayers, services and rituals, as well as a place for a person’s spiritual life, where the soul finds peace and protection. Every person meets God in the temple.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
The dome shape also made sense. The helmet-like shape was reminiscent of the army, of the spiritual battle waged by the Church with the forces of evil and darkness. The shape of the onion is a symbol of the candle flame, turning us to the words of Christ: “You are the light of the world.”
The two chapters signify the two natures (Divine and human) in Jesus Christ. Three chapters (three Persons of the Holy Trinity). Five chapters (Jesus Christ and the four evangelists). Seven chapters (seven Sacraments and seven Ecumenical Councils). Nine chapters (nine ranks of Angels). Thirteen chapters (Jesus Christ and the twelve apostles). Sometimes more chapters are built. But three and five-domed domes are more common.
The ringing of one bell is called “blagovest” (good, joyful news about the divine service). The ringing of all the bells, expressing Christian joy on the occasion of a solemn holiday, etc., is called “trezvon”. The ringing of bells to mark a sad event is called “chime.”
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE TEMPLE
The internal structure of temples The narthex is the vestibule to the temple. The mystical meaning of the narthex is the place of contact between the divine and the earth. This is the world of people. In the first centuries of Christianity, penitents and catechumens stood in the narthex - persons preparing for Holy Baptism. In modern churches, the vestibule has almost completely merged with the purpose of the temple. Church supplies and candles are sold in the vestibule. Here, however, as in the temple, there are many icons, as well as wall paintings. The bell tower, if it does not stand separately, and the porch are adjacent to the vestibule. The middle part, or the temple itself, symbolizes people, but already justified by the Savior’s sacrifice on the cross, sanctified by Him, the Kingdom of God, the new heaven and the new earth. This is the created world, in contrast to the altar, which marks the realm of God's existence. That is why the altar rises above the middle part and is separated from it by the iconostasis. It is in the middle part of the temple that all believers are present during services. An iconostasis is a partition with icons installed on it in a certain order. He not only separates the Divine world from the earthly world, he is also an image of the Heavenly Church led by the Lord Jesus Christ. The iconostasis faces the middle part of the temple with icons, where the worshipers stand. Thus, during divine services, the assembly of believers is, as it were, brought face to face with the assembly of celestial beings, mysteriously present in the images of the iconostasis. The iconostasis has three gates. The central, largest, are called the Royal Doors. They are called so because through them the King of Glory Himself, the Lord Jesus Christ, invisibly comes to us invisibly in the chalice with the Holy Gifts. No one except clergy is allowed to enter the Royal Doors.
A lectern is a high table of a special shape with a beveled top board, on which a temple icon or an icon of a currently celebrated church event is located. Kanun - a special table with an image of the Crucifixion and many candle stands. Special temple items.
Kanunnik - funeral table. Here they light candles and pray for people who have already passed away from earthly life.
The main part of the temple is the ALTAR, a holy place, therefore the uninitiated are not allowed to enter it. The altar means heaven, where God dwells, and the temple means the earth. The altar is always located on the east side.
The throne is a specially consecrated quadrangular table, decorated with two materials: the lower one - white linen and the upper one - made of brocade. It is believed that Christ himself is invisibly present on the throne and therefore only priests can touch it.
The iconostasis is a partition on which icons are placed in several rows, their faces facing the praying believers.
Royal Doors
Censer (censer) is a small vessel for incense used during worship. Chandelier - (Greek - chandelier) - in an Orthodox church, a central chandelier with many candles or lamps. Candlestick.
Clothing must be appropriate for the gender. Women must cover their heads and wear a long-sleeved dress or blouse with a skirt that covers their legs. Trousers, as predominantly men's clothing, are not accepted. Men wear trousers and a long-sleeved shirt. All clothing must be clean and tidy. On holidays she can be dressed up. Loud talking and excessive gesticulation are not accepted in the temple. And of course, mobile phone signals, much less talking on it, are unacceptable.
Independent work Insert key words into the text: royal doors, Jesus Christ, dome, eve, Mother of God, altar, western part, porch, candles, iconostasis. Every Christian church is crowned with ………. with a cross. The entrance to the temple is in the…………… part. The temple is divided into three parts: the altar, the temple and …………. .Inside the temple the main place is …………….It is separated from the worshipers …………. .In the center of the iconostasis are doors. They're called …………. To the right of the Royal Doors there is always an icon……………. On the left is always the icon…………………. A square table on which many ……………… are lit is called ………………. There they pray for people who have already passed away.
