The name of Zayd ibn Harith appears in the sources as a freedman of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It should be noted that Zayd was not a slave from birth, but became one as a result of an attack by the al-Qain tribe on the Banu Ma'an tribe, where at that time he and his mother Su'ada were staying. According to other sources, the attack occurred on their way to visit relatives. The kidnappers put the boy up for sale at the ‘Ukaz fair, where he was bought for 400 dirhams by one of the wealthy Quraysh leaders, Hakim ibn Khizam ibn Khuwaylid. In addition to Zayd, he acquired another group of boys and returned with them to Mecca. Hakim ibn Hizam ibn Khuwaylid invited his aunt Khadija bint Khuwaylid to choose one of the boys as a gift from him. Her choice fell on Zayd ibn Harith.
After Khadija married Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, she gave him Zayd as a gift. Zaid's father and uncle found out about this and came to the Prophet ﷺ with a request to ransom him. Then the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ gave Zayd the right to choose - to leave with his relatives or to stay with him. Zayd chose to stay with the Prophet. After this, God's Messenger met with the nobles of Quraish and said: “ Witness that this is my son and legal heir" All this happened even before he began to fulfill his prophetic mission, and after this Zayd began to be called Zayd ibn Muhammad. With the rise of Islam and the abolition of adoption, he was again called Zayd ibn Harisa. Thus, the origin of Zayd ﷺ and his ancestry had nothing to do with the slave class. He became a slave as a result of certain circumstances.
Marriage to Zainab and divorce from her as the reason for the new establishment of Islam
However, among the Arabs this approach to understanding human origins was not taken into account in social relations. This can be seen in the example of the matchmaking of the freedman Zaid to the daughter of the aunt of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Zainab bint Jahsh. Despite the fact that the Prophet ﷺ himself acted as a matchmaker in concluding this marriage, Zainab’s relatives were against this marriage, citing the fact that Zayd was a slave. By his actions, the Prophet ﷺ wanted to abolish the customs according to which free women could not marry former slaves. Despite this obstacle, Zainab married Zaid, which essentially eradicated the custom of ignorance and social inequality.
After a short period, due to certain family differences, Zayd asked the Prophet ﷺ for permission with Zaynab. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ strongly advised Zaid to be patient and fearful of God and not to divorce his wife: Keep your wife to yourself and fear Allah.. As a result of constant disagreements, the marriage union between Zainab and Zaid soon fell apart. After they separated, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ married Zainab. Marrying her was the command of the Lord. According to Muslim theologians, the Prophet ﷺ was obliged to enter into this marriage by Allah Himself, who left him no choice: We married you to her after Zaid left her.. After the marriage of the Prophet ﷺ to Zainab, the practice of adoption finally ceased, although another Quranic revelation was revealed on this matter: Call them (adopted children) by their fathers' names. This is more fair before Allah. If you do not know their fathers, then they are yours and your loved ones.. Among the Arabs, adopted children enjoyed the same rights as their relatives, and in their position they were no different from them.
The marriage between the Prophet ﷺ and Zaynab also marked the beginning of the possibility of his adopted sons marrying their ex-wives: We married you to her so that the believers would not feel any embarrassment regarding the wives of their adopted sons after they satisfy their desires with them.. Thus, the story of Zaid became a precedent for the prohibition of the practice of adoption in Islam and the possibility of marrying the ex-wives of adopted children.
Favorite and companion of the Prophet
According to some sources, Zayd was the favorite of the Prophet ﷺ. When Zayd was absent for a long time, the Prophet ﷺ missed him very much and rejoiced when he reappeared, meeting him like no other.
Zayd accompanied the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ during the most difficult periods in his preaching work. One of the most difficult among them was the call to Islam for the residents of Taif. When one day the wife of the Prophet ‘Aisha asked him if there was any one more difficult for him than the day of the Battle of Uhud, he replied: “ I had to endure a lot from your fellow tribesmen, but the most difficult of all was the day of ‘Aqaba..."(name of a place near Taif). This refers to the incident when the residents of Taif threw stones at the Prophet ﷺ. At this time, Zaid shielded him with his body and, bleeding, took the blows on himself.
Participation in battles
Zayd ibn Harith participated in the battles of Badr, Uhud, and other battles. When the Prophet ﷺ went on a campaign against Muraysi', he left Zayd in Medina in his place. Along with this, Zayd took part as a commander in such battles as Qarada, Jamum, Iys, Tarafa, Hisma and Ummu Kirfa.
His full name is Said ibn Zaid ibn Amr ibn Nufail ibn Abdulizzi ibn Riyah ibn Abdullah ibn Razah ibn Adi ibn Kaab ibn Luayu, Ghalib, Fihr, Malik, Nazar, Kinanat, Khuzaimat, Mudrikat, Ilyas, Muzar, Nizar, Muaaddi, Adnan .
He was one of the first to convert to Islam, and during his lifetime he was delighted with the news of Paradise. Said ibn Zayd took part in the battle of Damascus. When the population submitted, Abu Ubaidah authorized him as governor in Damascus. He was one of the first Muslim governors in Damascus.
Said's father was the cousin of the Commander of the Faithful, Umar ibn al-Khattab. Zaid professed the religion of Ibrahim, but did not live to see the revelation of the prophecy to our Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him).
Said's mother's name was Fatima, daughter of Najat ibn Malih.
Zaid's father was not a pagan because he refused to worship idols. He addressed the Quraysh, saying: “None of you follows the religion of Ibrahim except me.” Zaid professed monotheism before the light of Islam shone over the world. He told his friend Amir: “I am waiting for a Prophet from the descendants of Ismail.” To an Arab who wanted to bury his daughter alive, he said: “I will pay your expenses for her until she grows up.”
Said once asked: “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), my father was like the one who reached you and saw you. If he reached you, he would believe in you and follow you, will you ask Allah for the forgiveness of his sins? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Yes, I will ask for forgiveness of his sins, verily, he will stand with my community.”
Said ibn Zayed accepted Islam before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) chose the house of the 16-year-old Meccan youth al-Arqam ibn Abu Al-Arqam as the place of secret meetings of the first Muslims. Said and his wife Fatima were among the first to seek to help this true religion. Said's wife was the sister of Umar ibn al-Khattab. Khabbab came to their house. He read to them the book of the Almighty and taught them the precepts of religion.
One day, Umar took his sword and left the house, heading towards the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), wanting to kill him. Nuaim ibn Abdallah met him and asked: “Where are you going, O Umar?” When he learned of his purpose, he said, “Why don’t you improve the situation in your house?” Umar asked: “Which of my family do you mean?” Nuaim said: “Your sister and her husband, they became followers of the religion of Muhammad.”
Umar returned to his sister and brother-in-law. And they had Khabbab ibn al-Arattu, who had with him a scroll with Surah “Ta-ha” and read it to them. When Umar knocked, Khabbab hid. Fatima bint al-Khattab grabbed the scroll and hid it. Umar, approaching the house, heard Khabbab reading the Koran to her. When he entered, he demanded a scroll. Zayd and Fatima began to deny that they had him. Umar grabbed his son-in-law Saeed ibn Zayd and threw him to the ground. Fatima bint al-Khattab came to his defense to protect her husband. Umar hit her and wounded her until she bled. When he did this, his sister and brother-in-law told him: “Yes, we accepted Islam, we believed in Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). Do what you want!" When Umar saw his sister’s blood, he regretted what he had done and repented. He asked his sister to bring the scroll. Umar knew how to write and read. When he said this, she hoped that he would accept Islam and said to him: “O my brother! You are unclean in your paganism! You can only touch it if you are clean!” Umar performed ablution as his sister taught him. She gave him a scroll, which he read, and finished reading on the verse:
إِنَّنِي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدْنِي وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي
“Verily, I am Allah! There is no god but Me. Worship Me and perform Namaz to remember Me” (Sura Ta-ha, verse 14).
Umar said: “How beautiful these words are, and how blessed they are!” So these three became the reason for Umar to accept Islam.
The desire to become a martyr
Abu Nuaim in his book Al-Khuliya describes Saeed ibn Zayd as follows:
كان بالحق قوالاً ولماله بذالاً ولهواه قامعاً وقتالاً
“He spoke the truth, spent his wealth, and fought his passions.” Said ibn Zayd was honored to love the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He participated in the battles of the Prophet, protecting him from the infidels.
He is considered one of those who fought at Badr, despite the fact that he did not participate in the battle because he was sent by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to Medina to find out about the news of the Quraish. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) allocated him a share of the spoils of the Battle of Badr and said:
لقد كان سعيد في حاجة الله و رسوله و لولا ذالك ما فاتته المعركة
“Said fulfilled the “need” of Allah and his Messenger, if not for this, he would not have missed the battle.”
He can be compared to an ordinary soldier who did not strive for glory. Said ibn Zayd did not strive for honors and supremacy. When he was appointed governor of Damascus, he wrote a letter to Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah asking him to be relieved of his post and allowed to join the jihad. When Abu Ubaidah read the letter, he fulfilled his request. Said ibn Zayd sought to get into the thick of the battle, hoping to become a martyr - one who fell in the path of Allah, exposing himself to the spears and swords of his enemies, but Allah does what he wishes.
Said ibn Zayd did not strive for worldly goods even during the reign of Umar ibn al-Khattab. He spent a share of the spoils of war on the poor, although he himself was in need, because preferring his brother to himself was one of the qualities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
One day, Arwa bintu Uwais began to claim that Said had appropriated part of her land. Her complaint was sent to Medina to Marwan ibn Hakam. Said ibn Zayd said to the judge: “How can I appropriate her land when I heard the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)?: “Whoever treacherously appropriated even an inch of land will be surrounded by the seven walls of Hell on the Day of Judgment.” O Allah, if she is lying, deprive her of her sight and bury her in her own land.” Not much time passed before she became blind, fell into a hole and died.
This is not surprising, since the prayer of the oppressed is accepted and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “You are afraid of the prayer of the oppressed, since there is no barrier between him and Allah.”
Said, may Allah be pleased with him, died in Aqiq when he was fifty-one years old. He is buried in Medina.
one of the companions and most devoted followers of Muhammad, his freedman and adopted son, died in the first half of the 7th century
Biography
Zayd ibn Thabit was born in Medina. His father came from the Khazraj tribe and died as a result of an internecine war with another Medinan tribe, the Aus, at the Battle of Buas. Due to his young age, he was unable to take part in the Battle of Badr and his first battle was the Battle of the Ditch, where he participated in digging a defensive trench around Medina.
Zaid was literate and had a good memory. He knew how to write in Syriac and Aramaic and was often near the Prophet Muhammad in order to record the revelations sent down to Muhammad. As the secretary of the Prophet Muhammad, Zayd corresponded and translated letters that came to him in other languages. It was believed that he was a hafiz, i.e. knew the entire Koran by heart and was a mufassir (interpreter of the Koran).
Zayd was one of the participants in the meeting at the taqif of Banu Said, where he supported the candidacy of Abu Bakr for the post of first caliph. He was well versed in the rules of division of property, was one of the compilers of the tribal diwan under the righteous caliph Umar, and supervised the division of booty after the Battle of Yarmouk. During the reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, Zayd was the judge (qadi) of Medina and custodian of the state treasury.
Koran
During the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the transmission of the Qur'an was carried out mainly orally. After the death of Muhammad, a battle took place in the town of Yamama against the false prophet Musailima, during which about 70 hafiz (Koranic experts) were killed. Concerned about the possibility of losing the Quran, the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to begin work on collecting the verses of the Quran into a single book and compiling a complete written text of the Quran.
While working on the collection of the Qur'an, Abu Bakr instructed Zaid to rely on written evidence that was collected from the inhabitants of Mecca and Medina. Control over the collection of fragments of the Koran was entrusted to Umar ibn al-Khattab. Through the efforts of Zayd and other companions, the first complete written copy of the Quran (mushaf) was written, which was kept by the wife of the Prophet Muhammad, Hafsa. Zaid used his own knowledge, the records of individual parts and verses that existed in Mecca and Medina, and what the companions of the Prophet Muhammad recited to him.
In 650, during the reign of Caliph Uthman, disputes began to arise frequently among Muslims regarding the correct reading of the Koran, then, by order of the Caliph, Zayd, together with three Meccans (Abd Allah ibn az-Zubayr, Sad ibn al-As and Abdurrahman ibn al-Harith) compiled the official written text of the Koran, which was declared the only correct and binding for all Muslims. The main executor of the work was Zayd and the text was based on the text kept by Hafsa bint Umar. The official copy was duplicated and sent to all the main centers of the Caliphate.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (Arabic: زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان). Born December 1, 1918 (1916) in Al Ain - died November 2, 2004 in Abu Dhabi. 14th ruler of the Al Nahyan family, Emir of Abu Dhabi and President of the United Arab Emirates.
Most historians agree that he was born on December 1, 1918, but some say 1916 (at that time the Bedouins did not record the birth dates of children).
Zayd was the youngest of the sons of Sheikh Sultan, who ruled the Principality of Abu Dhabi in 1922-1926.
When Sheikh Sultan died, Zayd was only eight years old, and he had to wander a lot around the Arabian Peninsula.
When Zayed was born, Abu Dhabi was one of seven areas along the lower coast of the Persian Gulf under the rule of sheikhs. The territories were in treaty relations with Great Britain, having signed a number of agreements with it back in the late 19th century.
While he was growing up, there was not a single school on the coast in the modern sense of the word, and Zayd received an elementary education based on Islamic principles, lived in the desert with the Bedouin tribes, becoming acquainted with the life of these people, their traditions and amazing ability to survive in harsh conditions. conditions.
In the 1930s, Sheikh Shahbat II, Zayed's brother, who ruled the principality, instructed him to accompany Western geologists searching for hydrocarbons in the desert.
In 1946, Zayed was appointed ruler of his hometown of Al Ain. Under his leadership, active construction began in the oasis, trade revived, and agriculture began to develop.
Oil had been discovered as early as 1958 and production began in 1962, and some members of the ruling family were frustrated by the lack of progress under Sheikh Shahbat.
In August 1966, Sheikh Zayed became the emir of the principality of Abu Dhabi, removing Sheikh Shahbat from power.
In December 1971, the emirs of 6 principalities (the Emir of Ras Al Khaimah joined them in February 1972) announced the creation of the UAE federation, electing the ruler of Abu Dhabi as President. This emphasized both the role and place in the federation of Abu Dhabi (the largest, most populous and richest emirate), and the contribution of Sheikh Zayed to the formation and development of a unique state.
Sheikh Zayed served as President of the UAE for almost 38 years.
Sheikh Zayed was considered a relatively liberal ruler. Thus, with his permission, a private press appeared in the country, which, however, was still forced to resort to independent censorship, avoiding criticism of Zaid and members of the ruling family. The country even declared freedom of religion, which contrasted somewhat in the eyes of the rest of the Arab world with the role of Sheikh Zayed as the Muslim head of state. Other Arab countries, much more conservative, have often expressed harsh criticism of the UAE due to religious tolerance of Christians and the freedom that employees of Western companies enjoyed in the UAE.
On December 2, 2001, he was re-elected as President of the UAE for a seventh five-year term. Forbes magazine estimated his personal fortune, now inherited by his eldest son Sheikh Khalifa, at $20 billion.
In 1992, Zayed founded the Zayed Foundation with an authorized capital of 3 billion 671 million dirhams, which became famous for financing many projects such as the construction of mosques, cultural and scientific research centers, and providing assistance to disaster-stricken areas.
He is remembered as the man who “made the desert turn green.” Zaid believed that oil wealth was a gift from God and should be shared with other countries and people in need.
On the initiative of Sheikh Zayed, hospitals, schools and universities were built, free for UAE citizens, as well as charitable hospitals in Europe, Asia and Africa. Land plots were distributed free of charge, which brought great benefit to many landless families, non-Muslim temples were built, which was enthusiastically received by foreign workers, who make up approximately three-quarters of the UAE population, and women also received certain rights, albeit within the framework of traditions - to work and education.
In recent years, his health deteriorated, and in 2000, Zaid underwent a kidney transplant in an American clinic. While he was undergoing examination, his subjects wrote a letter of gratitude to the sheikh, accompanying it with one and a half million signatures.
According to the official version, he died on November 2, 2004 in his beloved coastal palace “al-Baher” on the eastern outskirts of the city of Abu Dhabi, having managed on the day of his death to carry out the most ambitious reshuffle of the country’s Government in the previous 27 years. In particular, for the first time in the Gulf countries a woman was appointed to the post of minister.
No official cause of death was announced.
He was buried on the right side of the Sheikh Zayed Mosque; from the day of his funeral, the Koran was read continuously over his grave 24 hours a day.
He was succeeded by his eldest son Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
“Man is the most precious value. Wealth is worthless if it does not serve people, and the state, among all its affairs, should give preference to caring for people and educating citizens.”, said Sheikh Zayed.
In Abu Dhabi, the Zayed Sports City sports complex is named after the sheikh, as well as the football and cricket stadiums located on its territory.
The highest order of the state was established in honor of the sheikh.
Sheikh Zayed Highway is the name of the E11 highway in Dubai.
In the city of Gudermes, Chechen Republic, a Hafiz school named after the Sheikh was built.
Sheikh Zayed White Mosque in Abu Dhabi
Personal life of Sheikh Zayed:
Spouses: Hassa bint Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan (Mouza bint Suhail Al Khaili) and Fatima bint Mubarak al-Ketbi.
Over his long life, Sheikh Zayed raised 19 sons who now occupy high government positions or run businesses. It is also known that he had 14 daughters.
According to Western sources, Sheikh Zayed was married 9 or 7 times, but in accordance with the prescriptions of Islam, he had no more than 3-4 wives at a time.
Children: Ahmed bin Zayed al-Nahyan; Khalifa ibn Zayd al-Nahyan; Muhammad bin Zayed al-Nahyan.
He loved falconry, horse riding, and traveled through the desert.
Zayd ibne Kharisә
activities:
Zainab bint Jahsh
Zayd ibn Harisa ibn Shurahil ibn Abdal-Uzza or Zeid ibn Harisa(Arab. زيد بن حارثة بن شراحيل بن عبد العزى ) ( (0588 ) , Saudi Arabia - , Muta) - a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, his adopted son and freedman. Mentioned in the Koran, in verse 37 of Surah Al-Ahzab.
Biography
Having been captured in early childhood, Zaid ibn Harisa was ransomed by Hakim ibn Hazam and given to Khadija bint Khuwaylid, and after marrying the Prophet Muhammad, Khadija gave Zaid to her husband. Zaid was the second person to convert to Islam, followed by his wife Umm Aymun. Zayd ibn Harith was one of the most beloved companions of the Prophet Muhammad.
Adoption
Before the start of the prophetic mission, the Prophet Muhammad declared Zayd his son and heir. After his adoption, his name was Zaid ibn Muhammad, until a verse of the Quran was revealed prohibiting giving adopted children the names of their guardians
Relocation to Taif
When the Prophet Muhammad went to Taif with Ali ibn Abu Talib, Zayd ibn Harisa was also with them. The residents of Taif did not accept them and began to oppress them and throw stones at them. Zayd protected the Prophet Muhammad with his body and injured his head.
Marriage to Zainab bint Jahsh
The story of the marriage of the Prophet Muhammad to Zainab bint Jahsh, who was previously the wife of Zayd, is connected with adoption. The Meccan pagan did not like the fact of marrying his adopted son’s wife, but it did not contradict Sharia. With this marriage, the Prophet Muhammad showed his disdain for pagan law and the supremacy of Islamic law. Another reason for attacks from the polytheists was that Zaid was a slave, albeit a former one, and Zainab came from a noble family. According to Meccan laws, such a marriage between people of different classes was not possible, but this did not stop the marriage between Zaid and Zainab. It is also worth noting that the difference in origin was the reason for the divorce of Zayd, who was never able to adapt to such a marriage union.
The story of Zaid's marriage to Zainab bint Jahsh is told in the Qur'an.
| So you said to the one to whom Allah showed mercy and to whom you yourself showed mercy (Zayd, the son of Harisa): “Keep your wife with you and fear Allah.” You hid in your soul what Allah would make clear, and you feared people, although Allah deserves more that you fear Him. When Zeid satisfied his desire with her (had sexual intercourse with her or divorced her), We married you to her, so that the believers would not feel any embarrassment towards the wives of their adopted sons after they satisfy their desire with them. The command of Allah is sure to be fulfilled! |
