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Download: Bible - (only) Old Testament
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Illustrated Bible in engravings by J. Carolsfeld
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Name
The word “Bible” does not appear in the sacred books themselves, and was first used in relation to the collection of sacred books in the east in the 4th century by John Chrysostom and Epiphanius of Cyprus. The Jews designated their sacred books by the names: “scriptures”, “sacred writings”, “testament”, “books of the covenant”, “law and prophets”. Christians designated the New Testament writings with the title “Gospel and Apostle.”
Composition of the Bible
The Bible consists of many parts, combined into the Old Testament and the New Testament.
Old Testament (Tanakh)
The first, according to the time of creation, part of the Bible in Judaism is called the Tanakh; in Christianity it was called the Old Testament, in contrast to the “New”. The name “Hebrew Bible” is also used. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written in Hebrew long before our era and selected as sacred from other literature by Hebrew teachers of the law. This part of the Bible is the common Scripture for both Judaism and Christianity.
The Old Testament consists of 39 books, which in the Jewish tradition are artificially counted as 22, according to the number of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, or as 24, according to the number of letters of the Greek alphabet. All 39 books of the Old Testament are divided into three sections in Judaism.
The first is called "Teaching" (Torah) and contains the Pentateuch of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Book of Leviticus, Book of Numbers, Deuteronomy.
The second section, called “Prophets,” covers the books: Joshua, the Book of Judges, 1st and 2nd books. Kings, or the Book of Samuel (counted as one book), 3rd and 4th books. Kings, or the Book of Kings (counted as one book), Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, book. The Twelve Minor Prophets (counted as one book).
The third section, entitled “Scriptures,” includes: the Book of Job, the Book of Ruth, the Psalms, the Book of Proverbs of Solomon, the Song of Songs, the Book of Ecclesiastes, the Book of Daniel, Lamentations of Jeremiah, the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah (counted as one book), 1st and 2 Chronicles (counted as one book) and the Book of Esther. Connecting the book Ruth with the book Judges in one book, as well as the Lamentations of Jeremiah from the book. Jeremiah, instead of 24 books we get 22. Twenty-two sacred books were considered by the ancient Jews in their canon, as Josephus Flavius testifies. This is the composition and order of the books in the Hebrew Bible.
All these books are considered canonical in the Christian Church.
New Testament
The second part of the Christian Bible is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including the 4 Gospels, the Epistles of the Apostles and the book of Revelation of John the Theologian), written in the 1st century. n. e. and which have come down to us in ancient Greek. This part of the Bible is most important for Christianity, while Judaism does not consider it divinely inspired.
The New Testament consists of 27 books belonging to eight inspired writers: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, Paul, James and Jude. The books of the New Testament, like the book. The Old Testament, according to its content, falls into three sections: historical books - the four Gospels and the book belong here. Acts of the Apostles; teaching books - the apostolic epistles belong here; to the department of the book. Only one book belongs to the prophets - the Apocalypse.
In the Slavic and Russian Bible books Nov. Head arranged in the following order: Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts of Luke, Epistles of James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude and so on The Fourteen Epistles of the Apostle Paul in this order: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 to Timothy, 2 Timothy, to Titus, to Philemon, to the Hebrews and, finally, the revelation of John the Evangelist.
The books are arranged in this order. New Head in the most ancient manuscripts - the Alexandrian and Vatican, the Apostolic Rules, the Rules of the Councils of Laodicea and Carthage, and in many ancient Church Fathers. But this order of placement of the books of the New Testament. cannot be called universal and necessary, in some Bibles. in collections there is a different arrangement of books, and now in the Vulgate and in editions of the Greek. New Head The Council Epistles are placed after the Epistles of the Apostle Paul before the Apocalypse. This or that placement was guided by many considerations, but the time of appearance of the books did not matter much, which can most clearly be seen from the placement of Pavlov’s Epistles. The order we indicated was guided by considerations regarding the importance of the places or churches to which the messages were sent: first, messages written to entire churches were delivered, and then messages written to individuals. If the Epistle to the Hebrews comes last, it is because its authenticity has long been doubted. Guided by chronological considerations, we can place the Epistles of the Apostle. Paul in this order: 1st Thessalonians, 2nd Thessalonians, Galatians, 1st Corinthians, Romans, Philemon, Philippians, Titus and 2 Timothy.
BIBLE
The books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are canonical.
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Books of the Old Testament: Book of Joshua Psalter Books of the New Testament: |
PENTATEUCH OF MOSES
BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
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What does the word Bible itself mean?
We owe the word Bible to the Greek word “biblion” - book. Which, in turn, comes from the name of the ancient port - Byblos, located at the foot of the Lebanese mountains, through which Egyptian papyrus was exported to Greece. So the name of the ancient port was included in 1829 languages into which the Bible is translated today ( There are about 3,000 languages and dialects on Earth, of which 1,500 belong to small ethnic groups). So, The Bible is just a word - a Book.
Bible.
But let's open the Book of Books. We will immediately see that the Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament (written before the prophet Malachi, who lived in the 5th century BC) and the New Testament, created in the first century AD.
This tradition is based on the fact that many translations use the expression "Old Testament" in 2 Corinthians 3:14. In the Synodal Version (1998 ed.) this verse reads: “But their minds are blinded: for the same veil remains untaken until now in the reading of the Old Testament, because it is removed by Christ.” Jesus Christ himself spoke of the collection of sacred books as “the Scriptures” (Matthew 21:42; Mark 14:49; John 5:39). The Apostle Paul called them “the sacred Scriptures” and “the Scriptures” (Romans 1:2; 15:4; 2 Timothy 3:15).
P Initially, the texts of the Old Testament were almost entirely written in Hebrew. Only a few fragments are in the so-called Aramaic language: The Book of Daniel (2:4 b- 7:28), the First Book of Ezra (4:8 - 6:18; 7:12-26), the Book of Tobit, the Book of Judith and the Book of Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach (the last three books have reached us only in Greek translation). The Books of Maccabees, the Book of Wisdom of Solomon, and the Second Book of Ezra are written in Greek. The third book of Ezra has come down to us only in a Latin translation, although it was written in the Semitic language.
The first section of the Old Testament, the Torah, was finally edited and established under Ezra around 444 BC. (Neh.8:1-12; 2 Ezra 9:37-48; cf. Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin.21 ).
Apparently, soon after this, section H"biim was canonized; in any case, already in 132 BC, the Holy Scriptures were divided into three sections: Law (o nomoV), Prophets (oi profhtai) and “other” books ( Sirach, preface).The first two sections are often mentioned in the Gospels (Matt. 5:17; 7:12; Luke 24:27, etc.), and in one place the third section is also named “Psalms”:
But let's return to the Bible. Both covenants were first brought into canonical form at the Third Ecumenical Council, which took place in Carthage in 397.. ( according to other sources, the Council of Laodicea 363 AD.) . The documents of these councils have not survived, but it is known for certain that already in the 5th century AD. The Bible was divided into the Old and New Testaments. Today's canon contains 39 books
Title New Testament in relation to the collection of canonical books began to be applied from the second half of the 2nd century, although the very concept of the New Testament, or the New Union (with God), goes back to the Book of the Prophet Jeremiah: “Behold, the days have come,” says Yahweh, “and I have concluded with the house Israel and with the house of Y'hudah a new covenant [b'rit ha dash a]” (Jer.31:31, RH). In Christian books proper, the concept New Testament(h kainh diaqhkh) first found in the Apostle Paul in the words of Jesus (1 Cor.11:25; cp. Luke 22:17-20
WITH The first known list of revered books is considered to be Canon Muratori, compiled, according to many researchers, in Rome around 200. It lacks both letters of Peter, the Epistle of James, the Third Epistle of John, and the Epistle to the Hebrews, but the apocryphal Apocalypse of Peter (APOKALUYIS PETROU) is present. However, the generally accepted view that the lost Greek original of the Latin translation of the Muratori Canon originated in Rome around 200 has been convincingly challenged in favor of its later origin (IV century) and another homeland (East) ( Sundberg A. Canon Muratori: a Fourth Century List. - HTR. Vol. 66, 1973, N. 1, pp. 1 - 41).
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IN the first quarter of the 4th century, the Church did not recognize the inspiration of most of the so-called conciliar epistles and the Epistle to the Hebrews ( Eusebius. Church history.VI.13:6).
WITH According to the Council of Laodicea in 363, the New Testament included 26 books (except for the Revelation of John). After this, the question of the New Testament canon was discussed at two more councils - the Council of Hippo (393) and Carthage (419) - until it was finally finally resolved in 692 at the Council of Trullo.
However, the first documented canon was established only from the time of the new Council of Trent, convened during the Reformation in 1545 and lasting until 1563. By order of this council, a mass of books recognized as apocryphal were destroyed, in particular, the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah and Israel.
So the Bible is really the Book of Books - a collection of individual works that are divided into three groups: historical, instructive and prophetic. Most of the books bear the names of their authors. However, even today millions of believers believe the text of the Bible is the written Word of God.
The Greek word for this process in the original New Testament sounds like "theopneustos"- “divinely inspired”, but another term has become commonly used - “inspiration”, which arose from the Latin inspirare (to inhale, to blow). Among Christians there are very different ideas about “inspiration”. Apologists of one point of view believe that an “illuminated” person is capable of only partially participating in the writing of the Bible. Others advocate the theory of “literal inspiration,” according to which every word of the Bible is written in the original as it was inspired by God.
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Description
The Bible (from the Greek βιβλία - books) is a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East over 15 centuries (XIII century BC - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture .
The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.
The first part of the Bible in time of creation is called Tanakh by Jews; among Christians it is called the Old Testament. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written before our era, selected as sacred from other literature by ancient Jewish theologians and at the same time preserved to this day in the Hebrew language. There are 39 such books. This part of the Bible is the common Holy Book for Judaism and Christianity.
The second part is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including the 4 Gospels, the Epistles of the Apostles and the book of Revelation), written in the 1st century. n. e. and which have come down to us in ancient Greek. This is the part of the Bible that is most important to Christianity; but Judaism does not recognize it.
Islam, considering both the Old Testament (Arabic Taurat - Torah) and the New Testament (Arabic Injil - Gospel) to be distorted by later scribes, in principle recognizes their holiness, and the characters of both parts of the Bible (for example, Ibrahim (Abraham), Yusuf (Joseph) , Isa (Jesus)) play an important role in Islam, starting with the Koran.
The word “Bible” does not appear in the sacred books themselves, and was first used in relation to the collection of sacred books in the east in the 4th century by John Chrysostom and Epiphanius of Cyprus.
The Bible has been fully or partially translated into 2,377 languages of the world, and fully published in 422 languages.
Did you want to download the Bible, download the "Book of Books"? Download a full-fledged tool - a program for studying the Bible, working with various translations, commentaries and dictionaries, as well as any books available in electronic form - the "Quote from the Bible" program.
Welcome to the Free Christian Software page. Being Christian programmers, we once set ourselves the task of writing convenient programs for working primarily with the Bible, and then other programs that would help strengthen faith in everyday life. Some programs, originally written "for ourselves", have grown into ministries that take up a significant amount of our time. :-) And we really hope that the Lord God will bless you through the use of programs written by us, the site team, as well as other authors presented in this section.
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FAQ:
- How to work with "Quote" in non-Russian Windows 2000 and XP? See pictures for Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Vista (in future versions of "Quotes", after 5.0, this will not have to be done).
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- Is there a version for Linux? The Bible quote works in Linux, via WINE. There is no version for Mac OS X yet.
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"Bible Quote"
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The Bible (from the Greek ?????? - books) is a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East over 15 centuries (XIII century BC - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The first part of the Bible in time of creation is called the Tanakh by the Jews; among Christians it is called the Old Testament. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written before our era, selected as sacred from other literature by ancient Jewish theologians and at the same time preserved to this day in the Hebrew language. There are 39 such books. This part of the Bible is the common Holy Book for Judaism and Christianity. The second part is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including 4 Gospels, the letters of the Apostles and the book of Revelation), written in the 1st century. n. e. and which have come down to us in ancient Greek. This is the part of the Bible that is most important to Christianity; but Judaism does not recognize it. Islam, considering both the Old Testament (Arabic Taurat - Torah) and the New Testament (Arabic Injil - Gospel) to be distorted by later scribes, in principle recognizes their holiness, and the characters of both parts of the Bible (for example, Ibrahim (Abraham) ), Yusuf (Joseph), Isa (Jesus)) play an important role in Islam, starting with the Koran. The word “Bible” is not found in the holy books themselves, and was first used in relation to the collection of sacred books in the east in the 4th century by John Chrysostom and Epiphanius of Cyprus. The Bible has been fully or partially translated into 2377 languages of the world, fully published in 422 languages.
On our website you can download the book "Bible" The Bible for free and without registration in epub, fb2, pdf, txt format, read the book online or buy the book in the online store.
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