The theme of patriotism today, as in any other time, if not relevant in terms of pedagogy, then for some it is very advantageous and very profitable - in terms of politics. They write term papers and theses, dissertations about patriotism, compose novels, stage plays, make feature films or documentaries. On patriotism they make a stunning party career, earn mountains of money and become multimillionaires.
Under the cover of patriotism, one can shamelessly rest on one's laurels in a good administrative position for years and decades and calmly rob one's people. Our Russian writer and vice-governor of two Russian regions, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, even revealed such a pattern: the more patriots in bureaucratic offices, the higher and more sophisticated the level of theft. Remember his words: "They began to press on patriotism, you see, they were stealing."
Once a friend invited me to a certain meeting of patriots, which was held in one of the famous Moscow theaters. Taking this opportunity, I tried to find my fellow countryman from the Belgorod community among the motley audience, and now he has become a Russian patriot.
Back in the Soviet period, I carried out checks in his department several times and somehow did not notice any patriotic sins behind him then. I wanted to ask this patriot, who, due to his age, did not participate in any wars, except for the war with the Soviet Union on the side of Gorbachev, how he managed to arrange that a huge bronze monument was erected to him during his lifetime not far from the famous Prokhorovka field.
This pompous building flaunts there now, just opposite the main Orthodox church and the museum of glory of this sacred place for the Russian people. And then, quite by chance, I went into one of the rooms of the theater.
There, presumably, tables were laid for members of the presidium and other equally prominent patriots. What they just didn’t stand on: French cognacs, Spanish and other overseas wines, various dishes, as they say, have a snack, bite, and for some “bite-bite”. Black caviar was also not ruled out, which today you will not find with fire during the day due to the complete extermination of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea and in other places of their spawning. And this is in a difficult time of the economic crisis. Looks like a large amount of sponsorship donations for the prosperity of the motherland and love for it were recaptured by the boys. "That's where the real patriotism is!" - I thought, - these people truly love their homeland, just like she loves them.
So in the substance I have named, along with those who really shed blood on the battlefields for their country, and there are only a few of them left, there is a lot of such a bronzed patriotic behind the scenes blinded by theatrical curtains. In the novel Valentina Pikulya"At the last line" shows a number of similar "patriots" of Russia, who incredibly profited from supplies to the Russian army during the First World War.
And today, the patriotic behind the scenes shows us examples of their great love for the Motherland all the time in the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Regional Development, in the Far East and Sochi, in the Krasnodar Territory and throughout Great Rus', from Kaliningrad to the farthest island of Kuril ridges.
The purpose of this lecture is not to try to show the difference between some patriots from others, to separate, so to speak, the wheat from the chaff. It is impossible to do this with the help of one lecture; a whole course of the humanities is needed. I set a much more modest task: to reveal the very concept of patriotism and show its heterogeneous essence, especially in the conditions of the modern development of our society. I would also like to warn against the excessively frequent use of this word for educational and political purposes, so as not to emasculate the holy concept and the high feelings of the Russian people invested in it.
I.
The concept and historical roots of patriotism
The concept of " patriotism" and the moral category that this word denotes comes from the Greek patriotes compatriot, patris homeland and denotes a moral and political principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love for the Fatherland, the willingness to subordinate one's private interests to its interests. Patriotism implies pride in the achievements and culture of one's Motherland, the desire to preserve its character and cultural characteristics and identification with other members of the people, the desire to protect the interests of the Motherland and one's people. Love for one's fatherland, devotion to one's people, readiness for any sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of one's homeland.
The historical source of patriotism is the fixed existence of separate states for centuries and millennia, which forms attachment to the native land, language, traditions. In the conditions of the formation of nations and the formation of national states, patriotism becomes an integral part of public consciousness, reflecting national moments in its development. Attributing patriotic feelings to other persons, and patriotic coloring to some events, the evaluating person thereby most often gives them a positive characteristic.
Patriotism also means a special emotional experience of belonging to a country and citizenship, language, and traditions. Ideas about patriotism are associated with a reverent attitude towards one's country, Motherland, but different people have different ideas about the essence of patriotism. For this reason, some people consider themselves patriots, while others do not consider themselves as such.
According to Wikipedia, patriotism manifests itself in the following forms:
1. polis patriotism- existed in ancient city-states (polises). Now this category has been transformed into love for a small homeland;
2. imperial patriotism- maintained feelings of loyalty to the empire and its government;
3. ethnic patriotism- at the base has feelings of love for his ethnic group;
4. state patriotism- at the base lie feelings of love for the state.
5. leavened, state-owned patriotism (cheers-patriotism)- it is based on exaggerated or ostentatious, deliberately demonstrated feelings of love for the state and its people, as well as a well-inspired imitation of these feelings.
As it is written in the mentioned encyclopedia, the concept itself in different centuries and in different countries had different content, was understood in different ways. In antiquity, the term patria ("homeland") was applied to the native city-state, but not to wider communities (such as "Hellas", "Italy"); thus, the term patriota meant an adherent of his city-state, although, for example, a feeling of general Greek patriotism existed at least since the time of the Greco-Persian wars, and in the works of Roman writers of the early Empire one can see a peculiar feeling of Italian patriotism.
In the Roman Empire, patriotism existed in the form of local "polis" patriotism and imperial patriotism. Polis patriotism was supported by various local religious cults. In order to unite the population of the empire under the leadership of Rome, the Roman emperors attempted to form all-imperial cults, some of which were based on the deification of the emperor. Patriotically minded pagans saw local cults as the basis of the city's well-being.
Christianity, by its preaching, undermined the foundations of local religious cults and thereby weakened the position of polis patriotism by preaching the equality of all peoples before God and condemned polis patriotism. Therefore, at the level of cities, the preaching of Christianity ran into opposition from the pagans. A vivid example of such opposition is the reaction of the Ephesians to the preaching of the Apostle Paul. In this sermon, they saw a threat to the local cult of the goddess Artemis, which formed the basis material well-being cities (Acts 19:24-28)
Imperial Rome, in turn, saw Christianity as a threat to imperial patriotism. Despite the fact that Christians preached obedience to the authorities and offered prayers for the well-being of the empire, they refused to take part in imperial cults, which, in the opinion of the emperors, were supposed to promote the growth of imperial patriotism.
The preaching of Christianity about the heavenly homeland and the idea of the Christian community as a special "people of God" raised doubts about the loyalty of Christians to the earthly fatherland. But later in the Roman Empire there was a rethinking of the political role of Christianity.
After the adoption of Christianity, the Roman Empire began to use it to strengthen the unity of the empire, counteracting polis patriotism, local nationalism and local paganism, forming ideas about the Christian empire as the earthly homeland of all Christians.
In the Middle Ages, when loyalty to the civil collective gave way to loyalty to the monarch, the term lost its relevance and acquired it again in modern times.
In the era of the American and French bourgeois revolutions, the concept of "patriotism" was identical to the concept of "nationalism", with a political (non-ethnic) understanding of the nation; for this reason, in France and America at that time, the concept of "patriot" was synonymous with the concept of "revolutionary". The symbols of this revolutionary patriotism are the Declaration of Independence and the Marseillaise.
With the advent of the concept of "nationalism", patriotism began to be opposed to nationalism, as commitment to the country (territory and state) - commitment to the human community (nation). However, often these concepts act as synonyms or close in meaning.
A particularly high potential of patriotism and a feeling of love for their land and Fatherland was noted among Russian people. . The entire history of wars and military art, the peaceful construction of life and life in Rus', and especially in the Soviet Union, are connected with patriotism, the devotion of Russian people to their family, the land on which they lived and worked. These qualities, of course, did not mean that exclusively slavish worship of serfs before their masters, which was noted in the countries of Asia and medieval feudal Europe. Their patriotism relied solely on conscious obedience to the will of the messenger of God - the king, on subordinating oneself in the name of a higher goal in the fight against foreign invaders and other enemy forces.
In today's Russia, genuine patriotism in relation to the exploiting state and fatherland cannot exist due to the reasons that I described in my answer to the third question of this lecture. However, the huge patriotic potential of the people accumulated over hundreds of years of Russian history has still been preserved and can be used for noble purposes, for example, in numerous protest actions against the modern bourgeoisie, latifundist feudal lords, capital managers who infringe on the rights of people to a worthy human existence.
A Russian person is by nature more freedom-loving, anarchic and, as some Russian philosophers have noted, less servile, and in his soul does not like the law, since the law does not apply to everyone equally: it protects the strong and punishes the weak. Therefore, along with patriotic feelings, the most educated part of Russian society often had numerous cases of a critical attitude to reality, just like other people, a rebellious beginning was manifested (Pugachev, Razin, Bolotnikov, schismatics, Decembrists, Chaadaev, Herzen and Ogaryov, raznochintsy, democrats, nihilists, revolutionaries, Vera Zasulich, terrorist bombers, etc.).
Some theorists and politicians considered patriotism and the rebellious principle in a person incompatible, as well as the rebellion itself against the authorities. Patriotism and disobedience to the authorities, love for the Motherland and hatred for the exploiters, in their opinion, are mutually exclusive phenomena and impossible in real life. Meanwhile, such an understanding is superficially and deeply erroneous. It is quite possible to hate the authorities and be a hero of the Fatherland, a defender of the Motherland, a patriot of the country, selflessly love your people and give your life for the sake of their well-being and prosperity. Below are some examples from Russian history of such a successful "combination" in one person.
Along with moral roots, patriotism also has roots that go deep into law. Therefore, it is a category and a legal one, which some scientists deny it. This point of view in legal science is presented by me for the first time. In this regard, I will try to "collect together" the concepts morality, law and state and, operating with them, "penetrate" the legal fabric of patriotism, somewhat shed light on it in a conceptual and conceptual expression that incorporates all three of the above categories.
Considering that LEGAL CATEGORIES- this is a systematized form of expression of legal knowledge, a kind of clots of human thought or a set of such thoughts that have absorbed knowledge about state-legal phenomena, their properties and features, then patriotism also falls under such a definition. In a sense, legal categories, if methodological rigor is neglected, can be represented as the ultimate legal concept.
At the same time, categories of law differ significantly from legal concepts. Legal categories play the role of a kind of backbone logical nodes, with the help of which scientific knowledge penetrates into the essence and content of state-legal phenomena. Legal categories are distinguished by their fundamental nature, representing a logical basis around which a system of concepts is built, their logical series (“law”, “state”, “action of law”, “legal system”, “legal environment”, “legal culture”, etc. .)
Along with the named legal categories, there are also such forms of expression of knowledge and actions that can simultaneously be attributed to various branches of human activity. For example, such categories as "tax", "property" refer both to the economy and to the law; the category "mass media" - to politics and law; "categories" money ", budget" - to economics, politics and law.
Similarly, patriotism is both a moral and a legal category, since its content intertwines the threads of the relationship of both the Motherland to its citizen, and the relationship of a purely individual, private nature: the citizen's love for the Motherland. As a rule, this attitude is connected with the inner world, the morality of a person.
The attitude of a person to the Fatherland is often transferred to the attitude to the state, because there is patriotism and exclusively state. As stated above, patriotism also manifests the state-legal attitude of the state towards a person. The state fosters patriotism, imposes patriotism, forces patriotism, morally condemns cosmopolitanism (though not today), even criminalizes treason and treason, that is, anti-patriotism.
However, my lecture is not devoted to these purely theoretical and more reminiscent of scholastic questions that have absolutely no practical significance either to the concept itself or to the content of its meaning.
II. To the question of different patriotism
So, as shown above, patriotism in its content and object of moral feeling is different. Let us first dwell on the question of patriotism in general. Here the first thing that comes to mind is the aphorism uttered by Samuel Johnson ohm
at the Literary Club April 7, 1775: «
Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel". How do you, dear listeners, feel about this statement? But it's correct, don't you think? There are other expressions that characterize the moral and ethical category we are analyzing. " Patriotism is the virtue of the vicious» ( Oscar Wilde). "The soul and essence of what is usually understood as patriotism is and always has been moral cowardice" (Mark Twain). « Patriotism is a destructive, psychopathic form of idiocy" (Bernard Show). « Patriotism has corrupted the history of the world." (Johann Wolfgang Goethe).« Patriotism is the willingness to kill and be killed for ordinary reasons." (Bertrand Russell).
And here is how he spoke about patriotism Albert Einstein: “Those who joyfully march in formation to the music […] received a brain by mistake: for them, a spinal cord would be enough. I so hate heroism on command, senseless cruelty and all the disgusting nonsense of what is united under the word "patriotism", as well as I despise vile war, that I would rather let myself be torn to pieces than be part of such actions.
Now let's move on to our Russian soil. “Patriotism in its simplest, clearest and most undoubted meaning is nothing else for the rulers, as a tool for achieving power-hungry and selfish goals, and for the ruled, it is the renunciation of human dignity, reason, conscience and the slavish submission of oneself to those who are in power. This is how it is preached wherever patriotism is preached. Patriotism is slavery."(This is from the book Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy"Christianity and Patriotism").
Poet of the Silver Age Andrey Bely he expressed his attitude to patriotism and love for the Motherland in this way: Fateful country, icy, \ Cursed by an iron fate - \ Mother Russia, oh evil homeland, \ Who played a trick on you like that?
And here are the words about the Fatherland and Motherland of another poet: “Of course, I despise my fatherland from head to toe - but it annoys me if a foreigner shares this feeling with me». - This is from a letter from A.S. Pushkin to P.A. Vyazemsky dated May 27, 1826. Pushkin's patriotism, of course, is beyond any suspicion, and we know this well, at least from his poetic appeal to Russian philosopher Chaadaev: “As long as we burn with freedom, while our hearts are alive for honor, my friend, Let us dedicate our souls to the Fatherland, wonderful impulses…”. But be that as it may, in a letter to Vyazemsky, he expressed his other attitude towards Russia.
And words like you:
Graze, peaceful peoples,
The cry of honor will not wake you up.
Why do the herds need the gifts of freedom?
They need to be cut or sheared.
Their inheritance from generation to generation
A yoke with rattles and a scourge. Yes, there is clearly no smell of patriotism here, you might think. But this is also our great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. But who can blame him?
Was another Russian poet a patriot - M.Yu.Lermontov? Who doubts this. But let us remember his caustic verses addressed to the country:
Farewell, unwashed Russia,
Country of slaves, country of masters.
And you, blue uniforms,
And you, their devoted people.
Perhaps behind the wall of the Caucasus
I will hide from your pashas,
From their all-seeing eye
From their all-hearing ears.
A Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov:
Approaching Koenigsberg,
I approached the country
Where they don't like Gutenberg
And they find taste in shit.
... or Chaadaev:
The seal of slavery permeates the entire history of Russia. Russia has no history, there is only one geography.
... or Chernyshevsky:
A pitiful nation, a nation of slaves. From top to bottom, all slaves.
... or again Nekrasov:
People of the servile rank are real dogs sometimes.
The heavier the punishment, the dearer they are to the Lord.
But from our time: Patriotism is an amazing feeling that does not exist in people who pronounce this word aloud. (P transmission of Dithyrambs" with participation Igor Guberman, at the radio station "Echo of Moscow"). «
Patriotism simply means "kill the Gentile" (Boris Grebenshchikov).
Another of our contemporary, also an outstanding, deeply moral and patriotic personality, a well-known journalist, a teacher of one of the Moscow schools, Dmitry Bykov, in the program “Citizen Poet”, together with the artist Mikhail Efremov, projected Lermontov’s thought on our life today, ironically putting it into the mouth of the current president of the country .
Well, unwashed Russia,
Country of slaves, country of masters!
I tried to scrape you off
But who will scrape this off?
I got you not a princess:
half-destroyed country,
Packed full of dirty press
And full of dirty choices.
And how much was dirty money
Gusinsky, God forgive me!
And so I took a KGB broom
And began to take revenge on you.
To preempt loudly barking,
I raised the Motherland from its knees.
I kicked out the dirty oligarchs
And raised clean ones in return.
I rebuilt the press
As it used to be here.
I appropriated the dirty money -
And they are clean!
And nothing is missing
And the rumble of discontent subsided,
And there were no dirty elections.
There were none at all.
But an absurd crisis struck
US residential systems,
And again Russia became different,
And that means dirty, my God!
On this wild, flat dish -
How you want, so own it, -
Suddenly people showed up.
How clean it was without people!
And the choice for next summer,
To the delight of suckers and muddlers,
Let not out of two - out of two, then no, -
But from one and a half at least!
Farewell, living infection.
And I'm not the one, and you're not the one.
Perhaps beyond the ridge of the Caucasus
Is purity now possible?
It's cleaner than any moidodyr
Washed out the problem area
My faithful henchman Kadyrov -
But who am I when he is there?
I'll leave, misunderstood and not recognized,
With a sullen look of a boy.
Farewell, unwashed Motherland,
Incorrigible country.
And here are the words of my countrywoman from Kursk, the granddaughter of Russian professors of economics, an intelligent, educated girl, deeply worried about the country in her heart and soul, Natalia Pereverzeva at the contest "Miss Earth - 2012:
“I have always been proud of the country in which I live. I can't imagine myself without her. My country is all I have, the people I love are all that is dear to me. My Russia is a beautiful majestic girl, full-blooded, ruddy, in an embroidered sundress, with a long and thick braid, into which multi-colored ribbons are woven ... A fabulous girl. My Russia is a cow with huge eyes, funny horns and always chewing something, oh, what sweet milk it gives!
But my Russia is also a poor, huge, suffering country, mercilessly torn to pieces by greedy, dishonest, unbelieving people. My Russia is a big artery, from which a few "chosen" people take away its riches. My Russia is a beggar. My Russia cannot help the elderly and orphans. Engineers, doctors, teachers flee from it, bleeding like from a sinking ship, because they have nothing to live on.
My Russia is an endless Caucasian war. These embittered fraternal peoples who used to speak the same language, which are now forbidden to be taught in schools. My Russia is the winner who overthrew fascism, buying victory at the expense of the lives of millions of people. Tell me how and why nationalism flourishes in this country?
My dear, poor Russia. And you still live, breathe, you gave the world your beautiful and talented children - Yesenin, Pushkin, Plisetskaya. The list could go on for several pages, each of these people is gold, a gift, a miracle. I am happy to be your citizen, Russia! Despite all the tears, sorrows, wars, invasions, regardless of who rules Russia, I am still proud that I was born in this great and beautiful country that gave so much to the world. I am proud of my Motherland for mercy, for heroism, for courage, for diligence, for the legacy that it leaves in the world, for people who can live for others. I believe that every person living in Russia should be like that. Only we ourselves can improve the situation. When we seriously begin to take care of our country, it will bloom and shine».
And here is a sad-joking poem by one of the Russian bloggers who appear on the Internet under the nickname “V Asily Alekseevich". Do not hurry, dear listeners, to condemn him for unpatriotism. Would it be better to think about the content of this essay?
Where does the Motherland begin? With a spit that is launched into the people,
From Chechens dancing lezginka at the Borovitsky gates.
Or maybe it starts with Beslan and explosions in the subway,
And the fact that ahead of schedule in the elections again defeated EdRo.
Where does the Motherland begin? From capitals fattening with life,
And from the full smiles that we see on the faces of all the first persons.
Or maybe it starts with a salary of seven thousand rubles?
Since there is no money in the budget for nurseries and teachers.
Where does the Motherland begin? From the piano in the Ice Palace,
With flashing lights, people are dispersing in Moscow on the Garden Ring.
Or maybe it starts with a pipe that pumps our gas?
With Skolkovo with the Olympics, which will make us “strong”.
Where does the Motherland begin? With the police and the FSB,
And hordes of migrants who in Russian are neither “Me” nor “Be”.
Or maybe it starts with the concepts of "not caught - not a thief",
Where does the Prosecutor General himself cover the underground infrastructure?
Where does the Motherland begin? From the picture in your primer...
It's time to plunge into reality, because the century is not the same in the yard.
Or maybe it starts with kickbacks of budget money?
With the funds that now lie in billions in offshore deposits.
Where does the Motherland begin? With debauchery and other pleasures,
From the fact that goodness and decency now cause only laughter.
Or maybe it starts with the song that our mother sang to us...?
Think again, properly, when you vote.
And finally, I will quote an excerpt from a letter from a contemporary Russian writer, the son of a Soviet submarine officer Mikhail Shishkin. In response to an invitation to represent Russia at the International Book Fair, he wrote:
In one of his poems, dedicated to the Russian poet Sergei Yesenin, who was accused of non-partisanship (remember, there was such a work by Lenin on party organization and party literature?), Evgeny Yevtushenko said: " He was a partisan of so many scoundrels who tried to teach him partisanship.”
So, in relation to today's topic, the same can be said about the patriotism of those whom the current feudal lords and bourgeois accuse of slandering the state system. Although they stigmatize the vices of our society, they love their people and take all their troubles and sufferings to heart, while their feelings are much more sincere than those of many false patriots and scoundrels who have made patriotism their cover and safe haven.
III. Patriotism in the conditions of the capitalist form of life people and in the absence of real social and legal government systems.
Along with advocacy, I have been teaching for many years in one of the Moscow universities. And I don’t feel a lack of communication with modern youth. I see the attitude of students towards their homeland, towards Russia. I have a firm conviction that 30% and even more want to “slide away” from the country after graduation or later, as soon as an opportunity presents itself.More than 50% do not believe in the happy future of the country and will not protect it from the enemy for any price, because the enemy has occupied everything here for a long time, appropriated people's property and continues to rob his people mercilessly, pumping out the country's resources and transporting them to West, offshore, to America. There are few who want to protect the interests of the Abramovichs, Deripaskas, Potanins, Lisins, Malkins, Usmanovs and other millionaires and capitalist ministers.
5-7% are wary and, fearing provocations, answer the questions evasively, vaguely, vaguely, obviously playing “under the jacket”. There is such a type of opportunistic people, they are called "chameleons". However, even here such tactics are unlikely to testify to their patriotism and love for the Motherland.
Well, a little more than 10% are the children of officials and businessmen, who, like their parents, have long been determined in their attitude towards Russia: to suck everything out of it, as long as the current situation, laws and authorities allow. They need a Russia like today. As long as it gives something (oil, gas, metals, administrative resources), they will pile up everything that is of personal benefit to them. Even now they already come to study in cool cars, dressed in haute couture, in the evenings and at night they spend considerable sums in elite clubs.
They will leave the country only when there is nothing left of it - not a penny, not a brick. These are the modern elite, future deputies, leaders of political parties, heads of administrations, governors, presidents, heads of branches and capital managers, various kinds of managers and bosses. Some already today lead pro-Kremlin youth parties, gather under their banner the so-called “patriotic forces” from young people fooled by liberal propaganda, in general, make a political career or learn to do one.
These figures give reason to think about the cost of the market reforms in the economy and liberal reforms in politics. After all, their final price is this: the market system, together with its Russian ideologists, guides, carriers and successors, has become an inhuman mechanism that has no conscience and is freed from any moral norms. Just like the authors of the bible of liberal economics, K. McConnell and S. Brew.
For the countries of Europe and America that developed in other socio-cultural and economic spaces, perhaps this system is acceptable. But for Russia, this is a slow death, it is a crushing blow to the systemic foundations of psychology, mentality, soul and physical health of the Russian people, which has preserved in its nature completely different spiritual and moral values. The above statistics also show that the Russian people, in the words of the outstanding modern thinker Igor Froyanov, did not accept capitalism, moreover, they resolutely rejected it, which the current apologists of the capitalist system do not want to understand.
What else does the given statistics testify to, especially the first figures? It turns out that Karl Marx was right when he said that the workers do not have a fatherland. It is impossible to deprive them of what they do not have (See K. Marx, F. Engels. "Manifesto of the Communist Party" (1848), ch. 2 "Proletarians and Communists").
Let's follow the youth and we will ask ourselves the question: what is it, the Fatherland, then, if factories, factories, subsoil, land, forests, waters, cities and villages now belong to specific owners, that is, the bourgeoisie, feudal lords - state and municipal employees, and the bulk of workers, simple people excommunicated from their own land and from all that is in it?
It is enough to look at least at the undisguised declarations of the current rulers about the number of land plots, apartments, money in bank accounts, commercial structures, etc., to make sure that all of Russia has already been taken away, divided, distributed. How many don't we know about? How much more is hidden from the eyes, how much is recorded for children? After all, data on the property of adult children of officials are not subject to accounting and publication. Publish declarations concerning only fathers and mothers.
Yes, officially representatives of the authorities cannot do business and have accounts in foreign banks. Although until today this is still allowed, since the prohibiting law has not yet been adopted in the Duma. But even if it is adopted, it will not change anything in the concept of capitalism in our country. After all, previously adopted laws allowed officials everything in the world, and new ones will not have retroactive effect. Yes, there is a statute of limitations for this.
In addition, they check the authenticity of declarations "their own". Just as, for example, “their own” are investigating a criminal case against corrupt Moscow regional prosecutors who “protected” the gambling business. Today, all of those who were arrested at the time of initiation of a criminal case are already walking free. So references to the law are sheer hypocrisy and a trick for naive simpletons. For the current ruling class, this is like a dead poultice, since everyone has sons, children, nephews, sons-in-law and matchmakers.
Truly the poet was right when he wrote a caustic epigram on the symbol Russian state:
There is no law in Russia
There is a pillar with a crown on it
Balcony around the post
To circumvent the law. Look, according to the declaration, the former Minister of Defense has nothing. And his sister, who is the wife of an oligarch? True, the oligarch, presumably, amassed his millionaires at the expense of his wife's brother, and did not work hard at the factory. And everything is according to the law. None of them: neither the brother-minister, nor the sister with her billionaire husband have been convicted or even arrested for the period of investigation.
The situation is similar in the Ministry of Agriculture, where until recently a certain Elena Skrynnik was in charge, and in other ministries, departments, construction sites and farms of the country - not millions, but multibillions (!) Theft, fraud, abuse were found everywhere, and no one is in prison yet . In extreme cases, some petty officials receive suspended or short sentences from our hypocritical justice.
The top layer remains untouchable. And how many stolen goods do the children of governors, heads of district administrations, government officials and the presidential administration have? Ask Navalny, he knows everything about everyone. (They will really put him in prison soon, and for a long time. And then the information will dry up. There will be nothing to talk about, and order will reign in the country). Down with Navalny, down with journalists, and at the same time down with zealous and principled investigators! "Shut their throats!!!"
A joke, of course, although there is no time for jokes for a long time. Against this bleak background, neither the parliament, nor the president, nor the executive branch even think of ratifying Art. 20 of the International Convention against Corruption; no one is going to discuss and adopt a law on the confiscation of property from thieves and their accomplices, to eventually reform the judicial and law enforcement systems, to strengthen prosecutorial supervision, which narrows down to unimaginably small amounts, to achieve the inevitability of punishment for all guilty persons, thieves, raiders, swindlers. Our justice is exclusively selective and hypocritical, but no one thinks to correct it.
We hear a lot of smart talk about thieves and swindlers and how the earth must burn under their feet. The whole question is, who will light the spark so that it burns? They rely on the state. However, we will have to briefly recall some of the legal provisions regarding the role of the state and law in the capitalist structure of society, which is called democratic for averting eyes. What is a right?
According to a common theory, "law is the will of the ruling class, elevated to law and enforced by state mechanisms." And who is our ruling class? And he is the very modern thieves and criminal bourgeoisie, in whose hands all the means of production and property of the country are now concentrated. These are also her advanced children, relatives, matchmakers and sons-in-law, because they also own the country's assets.
And, therefore, the state itself also belongs, shamefully recognized as democratic (“demos”, they say, in Greek means the people, and “democracy”, respectively, means the power of the people), although the people in this state are completely removed from governing their country and from resolving any issues.
« It makes no sense to talk about pure democracy in a society divided into classes, - F. Engels argued. - " The state is nothing but a machine for the suppression of one class by another, and in a democratic republic it is no less than under a monarchy. And according to Marx, modern (democratic) state power is not a structure for the protection of society, but only a committee that manages the common affairs of the entire class of the bourgeoisie, which acts as the real ruling class.
Whoever has the means of production is the owner. The proof that the bourgeoisie rules in our country, and not the people, and even more so, not those whom the people allegedly chose, is the complete helplessness of the current authorities to change anything in the country for the better. Solid talking shop. Those who are considered rulers in the country (president, government, officials), in fact, they are not. They only pretend, although sometimes plausibly, that they are in charge of the country.
If they really ruled, the results, namely: the well-being of the people, people, subjects, would be visible. They just do not exist, the people live worse, worse and worse. Where can prosperity come from if the country is being torn apart before our eyes by a pack of bureaucratic and oligarchic jingoists clinging to it, as well as by the capitalists, the bourgeoisie, the feudal latifundist feudal lords of the new wave?
As for the concept of so-called democracy, which was given a vague and completely declarative meaning in our country, then V.I.Lenin described it as follows: "Pure democracy is the lying phrase of a liberal who fools the working people... the stock exchange and the bankers subjugate the bourgeois parliaments the more the democracy is more developed."
Alfred Nobelgenerally reduced this form of government to the lowest moral values, giving it such a scientific definition, for which he himself would have fully deserved the Nobel Prize: Any democracy leads to a dictatorship of scum.".
What kind of democracy can we talk about in our country, when all its nooks and crannies are covered by continuous crime. Let us recall the tragedy of the village of Kushchevskaya, where people lived for years in the complete power of a gangster group. But the locals, even when the best metropolitan investigators worked for them, only waved their hands hopelessly, repeating: “You will leave, and the bandits will take over everything again.” The way it is.
Disbelief that the law can reign in life has long covered all corners of Russia. And even in the suburbs, from which the Kremlin is within easy reach, they do not believe that there is a force capable of defeating the bureaucratic-criminal clans that have entrenched themselves in power in the localities. Now the country is tightly bound by the criminal network of these clans, which, it seems, no one in the world is able to cut.
To date, a generation of bandits has grown up in the country, who are completely satisfied with the existing regime of power based on corporate, criminal, corruption and bandit ties. On a national scale, this is a huge number of non-humans who are paid by everyone from tenters to large firms. A few dozen people on average per city. Multiply by the number of cities and get a whole combat-ready and combat-ready army of bourgeois-feudal criminal power.
And these gentlemen will never work for the sake of their Motherland, since they have known completely different delights of an idle life. And they sincerely do not understand why they are not paid or paid little, for example, by a farmer, a small or even medium-sized entrepreneur, or even more serious people or the whole state. For example, quite recently a number of State Duma deputies, not even realizing all the blasphemy committed, openly and cynically loudly demanded a significant increase in their wages. Why not robbery?
And here is another number. At the beginning of 2013, as the Commissioner for the Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs said at a meeting with the President of Russia BorisTitov, over 300 thousand individual entrepreneurs completely stopped their activities in the country.
They stopped for various reasons, which together characterize an unbearable tax burden, an absolute impossibility to work, insecurity by the authorities, which themselves are the main oppressor, fear for their lives and the lives of their children, who are at stake in the conditions, on the one hand, of the triumph of bureaucratic gangster crime, and on the other hand, the lack of elementary protection against it. Thus, the capitalist monopolies are victorious.
But back to patriotism. Is it possible under the described conditions of capitalist reality? No, it's impossible! Why?
Firstly, a capitalist himself cannot be a priori a patriot, because in its economic and legal essence, business is not national, but international.
Proof? Please: Over the course of several years of business, more than 5 trillion Russian money has been transferred by our businessmen to foreign banks and assets. There is an intensive migration of large and medium-sized businesses from country to country without taking into account the interests of their own people.
Dividends from profits received in Russia are being transferred daily by businesses to “offshore safe havens”. Modern businessmen are building foreign villas, palaces, estates, latifundia and placing their own families in them.
Dual citizenship is being acquired by many of today's bourgeois. There is an obvious lack of large investments by modern capitalists for the needs of their country: for almost thirty years of perestroika and democracy, businessmen have not donated to the Russian society a single museum, theater, art gallery, school, university, other centers of culture and education, as happened in the days of the pre-revolutionary merchants Prokhorov , Ryabushinsky, Tretyakov, Morozov, Mamontov, Bakhrushin and many others.
At the same time, wherever you look, everywhere you have to observe scams and fraud with government orders and contracts that modern international business receives from officials, theft, embezzlement, extortion, registrations, kickbacks, bribery, corruption, commercial forgeries and bribery flourish. which causes irreparable damage to the domestic economy. It turns out that all the activities of modern business are anti-patriotism.
Secondly, a capitalist cannot be a patriot because the very nature of capital involves the exploitation and appropriation of other people's labor. Without this form of capital, there is no capitalism. And since there is appropriation, it means that there is also an antagonism between labor and capital, between the wage worker and the capitalist.
Where did you see that the worker himself voluntarily gave what he earned by his own labor? Nowhere. But in conditions of antagonism of forces acting against each other, there is neither peace nor patriotism. For the same reason, patriotism cannot be formed among a hired worker (slave). First, he is affected by an exceptionally negative example of his master's anti-patriotism. Secondly, if the owner has deprived his own slave of the Motherland, then how can a slave fall in love with what he does not have?
True, there is one exception here: a hired worker without revolutions and bloody civil wars can turn into a passionary patriot if society (mature civil society) and the state controlled by him, civil society, take his side. When by such common efforts they want to shake the capitalist system and the bourgeois principles of life as much as possible, the patriots are there.
But this is a special process. Here both conceptual and life contradictions collide, which, meanwhile, can be overcome. In some Western countries, for example, this process has been successful, and socialism in its purest form has been built there today.
But in our country in the near future it will be impossible to do this, since there is absolutely no civil society in the country, and the state shows an exclusively anti-people essence and undividedly serves capital.
In order to strengthen its exploitative positions and interests, the bourgeoisie delegates more and more of its members to legitimate state and public structures, while simultaneously suppressing any germs of civic consciousness, popular initiative, rallies and protests, discrediting free elections.
With the help of representatives of the bourgeoisie and modern latifundist feudal lords, new anti-people laws are being created in legitimate state bodies, the punitive and judicial system of the state and power is being strengthened, which now several times exceeds the size of the army, which is also plundered by the associates of the former Minister of Defense Serdyukov.
There is no need to look far for examples, it is enough to open the doors of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The entry of many representatives of big capital into state administrative structures is manifested there in the most frank forms. Thus, as we have seen, real patriotism in the conditions of modern capitalist reality cannot be even close.
Does he really need this patriotism? And if needed, then to whom? Cui prodest (who benefits?), the ancients asked. Of course, today this moral category is beneficial to the bourgeoisie itself, to officials as representatives of the ruling class, and therefore to thieves and crooks shamelessly tearing apart the country. That is why patriotism is considered the last refuge of scoundrels.
This moral and legal category in the hands of the ruling class performs several functions: it disorientates and fools ordinary people; gathers them into his ranks, some as compromisers, some as allies, some as extras, and some, if he smells of fried, and under his banner, to protect his own interests and the interests of the entire bourgeoisie.
And when he (the ruling class) generally feels bad, then, mimicking, he hides behind high-flown phrases, demagoguery about love for one's neighbor, for the Fatherland, because nothing more reliable than patriotism has been invented to save and excuse.
Patriotism under capitalism is also impossible, and here's why. Let's ask, who should a patriot defend? They will try to answer: their people. If you do not delve into the jungle of philosophy, then the answer, of course, is correct. And if you seriously think about it ... The fact is that the concept of "people" under capitalism is blurred and easily correlated with the concept of "slaves". It is unthinkable for a slave to love that system that presupposes the possibility of his sale, public flogging, quiet murder, torture by forced labor, his ignorance and life in savagery and filth. Like the system, there is no need to love its serf, a potential gravedigger.
The capitalist state argues something like this: “A slave, he is a slave, - it is in such conditions that the vast majority of Russians live now, - and if he is a slave, then why protect him, spend money, time, resources on this? It is better to redirect the energy of these simpleton-patriots to the protection of the bourgeoisie's own interests.
And what about the middle class in Russia? By definition, he does not fall under the status of a slave, he is a free citizen, a bearer of civic virtues, conscience, honor, and patriotic feelings. It is the middle class, by virtue of its mass character and mature citizenship in the socialist states of the West, that has become the ruling class and is now implementing all social and legal programs in the interests of the entire people, and not just a handful of capitalists, as it was before, when they owned the main means of production.
Thanks to the activities of the middle class, in these states the means of production, property, and profit flows were fairly distributed and, over time, comfortable conditions were created for the living of any of its members, free medicine, education, and upbringing of children in preschool institutions were provided, other fundamental social programs were being implemented, and excellent roads, houses, culture, folk sports have been created and are functioning, tourism and the recreation industry are developed.
But in Russia, due to the hopeless poverty of the people and their complete fragmentation, ideological disunity and enslavement by capital, there is no middle class today. There is no class, although there are sufficiently mature and wealthy representatives to form it. This is the most conscious intelligentsia, representatives of educational institutions, the Cossacks, workers in factories that have survived, collective farmers in collective farms or farms that have survived in some places.
But these are extremely scattered, fragmented forces of many individuals, the formation of which into a single social class is hindered by the entire environment created by modern capital and its managers, the liberal capitalist ideology, and the absence of civil society.
That is why the current Russian, like a slave in general, cannot be either a patriot or a citizen who defends his state and is protected by his state. There were many such in the Russian Empire until 1861, almost 88% of the population. By the way, now the percentage is the same or almost the same. The figure is obtained by subtracting from the entire human mass the number of oligarchs, millionaires and officials and some of the more or less wealthy people who are mistakenly ranked as the middle class.
So slaves are not a people, and therefore their protection by the state, if we mean the state of the bourgeoisie and feudal feudal lords, is not required. Just as in ancient Rome it never occurred to anyone to classify its numerous slaves as citizens of the Roman Empire, so in Russia in our time, ordinary people, according to state and municipal officials, do not belong to the citizens designated in the Constitution.
This is confirmed by the known facts of arbitrariness, lawlessness, violation of the rights of ordinary people by the current government or its individual representatives and complete impunity for this.
Of course, this was not always the case in the history of Russia. Even though everything happened to her. We, for example, did not have official slavery, as in Ancient Rome. But there was serfdom, though not everywhere either. And where it (serfdom) was “soft”, “sparing”, and this happened not on a single scale, the people went to fight for their masters (this was the case in 1812).
In the same place where the landlords committed atrocities, rage, the peasants burned their estates. And no patriotism for you. It suffices to recall the Civil War alone to present the described phenomenon in all its breadth. There were many similar facts before the Great Patriotic War. Only the atrocities of the Germans convinced the people of the need to still defend their country, and not fascism.
Now the situation may repeat itself. As already mentioned, not only does the state not want to defend its slaves, but the slaves are not eager to defend their state either. For our people, the commercial interests of the Abramovichs and Malkins don't give a damn. As my students said, they will not take the side of the state, which has taken under its wing people with a “grabbed” past and the current “gray present”. And you guys are 100% right.
Today the situation in the country is similar to the one when the landowners were raging in pre-revolutionary pre-reform Russia and where the peasants burned their estates. Look at some statistics. For example, our wealth inequality index is the highest in the world, except perhaps for the small peoples of the Caribbean, who often live next to the richest people on the planet.
Let's also analyze this comparison: the total wealth of the planet's billionaires is less than 2% of the world's wealth. At the same time in Russia, a little more than 100 billionaires (131 people as of January 1, 2013) own a third of all the country's assets (!!!).
Let's think about the given figures and be horrified: how much they stole! Why do they, God, so much? After all, they plundered almost everything that was in the country, if we consider that the remaining 2/3 of the unsorted assets are also a part for other "masters of life", and the rest is either illiquid assets, or garbage and junk, or ruins, or ashes from numerous fires, restructuring, reforms.
What is this wealth in absolute terms? In 2010, the official national wealth of the country was 4 trillion US dollars. However, in fact (according to the data of the Research Institute of Statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Russia), the national wealth was measured at 40 trillion. dollars. “These are our statistics, underestimating or, when necessary, overestimating the true figures.” The former director of the mentioned research institute, Vasily Simcher, could not bear all this lies and with the words “Tired of lying!” left his high post. This very rarely happens to us. As a rule, officials shamelessly lie and do not go anywhere.
Why did the authorities underestimate the indicators of national wealth by 10 times? The answer is simple: in order to sell the remnants of the former public property to the oligarchs and foreigners for a pittance, and at the same time, in order to drum into the population that we live no worse than we work. The example of the cheap sale of the assets of the Ministry of Defense, which was demonstrated to the people in 2010-1012, fully confirms the conclusion made. (See, for example, the article Ivan Gladilin"The Truth about the True State of Affairs in Russia" in any Internet search engine).
Similarly, the authorities underestimated the intellectual potential of Russia by 17 times (from $25 trillion to $1.5 trillion), which helped to justify a policy of copying the worst examples of foreign education (for example, school reform, the introduction of the Unified State Examination, a three-level education system, etc.). .d.), as well as the importation of foreign scientists for big money with the beggarly support of their own. On this topic, see my previously published articles "Who needs an uneducated Russia" and "On the change of scientific and social paradigms" in all Internet search engines.
Let me give you another scary number. The proportion of the population belonging to declassed groups (lumpen), as a percentage of the total population, according to official data, is 1.5%. In fact, according to the Research Institute of Statistics, this share is 45%. This includes, for example, 12 million alcoholics, more than 4.5 million drug addicts, over 1 million street children, countless people who have simply fallen, lost faith in everything and have lost their human appearance from poverty, do not work anywhere, live in shacks. “Almost half of the declassed,” writes Russian publicist Ivan Gladilin, “is evidence of the complete failure of the economic and social policy of the authorities.” Is it up to patriotism?
Feature film is indicative in this regard. "Long happy life" directed by Boris Khlebnikov, who depicts the "heavenly" beauty of nature against the backdrop of the hopeless life of a modern peasant. " What kills the most? - the leading actor says in an interview with journalist Larisa Malyukova. - Declassing. We are all declassed elements. Workers are not workers. Peasants are not peasants. Tired of any work. They live on five thousand a month. And we refused to work on the set. However, the people are amazing. You look and you understand what a trouble is in the country. What happened, for example, with farmers. I made my hero from a specific person, who has a feeling of the owner of the earth, although he no longer produces anything. Do not give. He spat on everything. There is a process of dehumanization, total indifference, apathy….” ("Novaya Gazeta", 04/12/2013 Alexander Yatsenko: "We are all declassed elements").
Speaking of the poverty of our citizens, professor Novikov V.I. in his work "Actual problems of modern journalism"(M.: Izd-vo RGSU. 2010. S. 25-31) writes: “... Social problems have become aggravated in the country, it has become harder for the poor and weak to live ... For example, as many as 18 million people in the countryside live only at the expense of their subsidiary plots and do not have any public income, and 90% of the inhabitants of all of Russia receive only 7% of the total state income .
Even in wealthy Moscow, according to the Moscow government, 21.7% of Muscovites live below the subsistence level…. Social stratification in society continues to gain strength. The facts show: in 2000, when V.V. Putin first took office as president, there were 7 dollar millionaires in Russia, and now, as indicated above, there are more than 100 people
. Objectively, it turns out that the country is working to enrich a narrow circle of oligarchs and entrepreneurs, and not the well-being of the whole society...
To educate citizens in the spirit of tolerance (and I will add to this: patriotism - Author), when a significant part of the country's population is below the poverty line, and 15% of the population is in a state of poverty is an unproductive and unpromising occupation ... This is also indicated by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yanovsky R.G., explaining the troubles in the management of the people and society, first of all, by the “old obsolete ideological setting for brute force, for ignoring the law, the material and spiritual interests of citizens, the rule of law and moral standards» (“Global Change and Social Security". M.: 1999. S. 162)
With reference to a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education Oleg Nikolaevich Smolin, I. Gladilin in the mentioned article about false state statistics writes: “In order to survive, the government turns statistics into a blatant lie, and with its help it tries to put on “rose-colored glasses” for citizens. But in history, political regimes have died many times precisely from self-poisoning by propaganda. I don't feel sorry for the regime, I feel sorry for the country. And for her, the best medicine is the truth.”
Let us follow this wise advice and let us not be deceived by lies. And in order to understand in more detail why our people are deprived of their Fatherland, let's look at the real statistics. At present, there are more than 2 thousand people in Russia, whose wealth exceeds 50 million US dollars. If compared with the BRIC countries, then in India there are 1,550 owners of such a fortune, in Brazil - one and a half thousand. The largest number of people with a fortune of more than 50 million dollars lives in North America - 40 thousand. In Europe, there are almost half the number of rich people - 22 thousand for the whole of Europe. In the Asia-Pacific region (excluding China and India) - 12.8 thousand wealthy people.
And now the incomes of these our millionaires and billionaires, and to them are added many state and municipal officials as the richest part of the population, according to official statistics, exceed the income of the poorest part of the population (we are not talking about the poor, but only about the poor, the poor in general are not taken into account anywhere) by 16 times.
The actual income gap is between 28 and 36 times. This is higher than not only Western Europe and Japan, but even the United States and many Latin American countries. The maximum permissible level of such a gap for the national security of the country should not exceed 10 times the mark. In Russia, as we see, it is exceeded three times and reaches almost the mark of 36. How great must be the patience of the Russian people with such an open robbery?!
Being the strongest resource and raw material power in the world, Russia for 12 recent years"issued" for the export of crude oil for 1.047 trillion US dollars (2.684 billion tons); finished petroleum products for 484 billion dollars (1.171 billion tons); gas - by 427.158 billion dollars (2.257 trillion cubic meters). The total revenue amounted to 2 trillion. US dollars. And how much of these oil and gas revenues is invested in the development of the country? Only 1/10 of the proceeds (!!!)
And where do the rest go? They work for the economy of the West (clean and "dirty" export of capital by Russian business, investment in securities of foreign banks and companies, some part (it is not known which) is set aside in reserves, a huge part is embezzled and spent on supporting officials, managers, corrupt officials) .
And there is nowhere to take income for the poor part of the population: there is no money . To such (according to V. Pikul) "the last line" the ruling elites of the country have brought the country richest in resources. There are no public consumption funds, as was the case in the USSR, the social insurance fund and pension funds are almost bankrupt, because the tax burden in our country excludes a progressive income scale, and even almost all businessmen leave this burden. Moreover, not only with the help of “gray salaries”, payments in “envelopes”, but also, without violating existing laws, legally.
Now let's compare the above figures and draw a conclusion. If 100 Russian billionaires own 1/3 of all the country's assets, then the rest of almost all assets, excluding illiquid assets, falls on the remaining 2-odd thousand dollar millionaires and foreign companies, including American ones.
According to some estimates, 70%, and according to the Research Institute of Statistics, in general, 75% of the Russian economy today is already in the hands of foreigners and, thus, is sucked out of the country and pumped abroad (offshore, to the USA, to countries in Europe and Asia) everything valuable and useful. This is a terrible number. It shows us that under the general noise about cooperation in the fight against international terrorism, the reset of domestic political relations between our countries, the United States is still steadily implementing the uncancelled directive of the National Security Council of 1948, in which it is spelled out thoroughly and point by point what they need to do so that Russia ceases to exist and the well-being of that very “golden billion” in whose interests globalism was started is ensured. Today, it has generally become easier for them to implement this directive, since the Russian bourgeoisie stands on their side, for which the national interests of our country are an empty place.
If this goes on, in Russia there will be only rusted pipes, waste from hazardous industries, poverty, misery and unbearable living conditions for the majority of people who have been brazenly deceived, robbed and who have long been working for someone else's uncle. In particular, the share of foreign capital in property, according to the mentioned research institute, is 60%, in profits - 70%, in shares - 90%.
And for ordinary citizens of the country, numerous propaganda slogans about love for the Fatherland and patriotism have been prepared, and, according to the plans of the mentioned directive, the gradual extinction of up to 30-35 million. We are witnessing the implementation of these plans today. And they do it in the world government, as indicated above, with the help of our inner Russian bourgeoisie, as well as the entire feudal ruling class of officials and immature ordinary citizens, fooled by false official patriotism and other types of neurolinguistic programming.
In his book Power in TNT Equivalent, Yeltsin's former associate Mikhail Poltoranin writes about today: “The real power in the country is in the hands of the “godfather” headed by the ruling tandem Medvedev-Putin. The tandem, however, completely fell under the planetary oligarchy hostile to Russia and its behind-the-scenes headquarters in the person of the powerful B'nai B'rith organization and fulfills its instructions and will. The authorities hide from the people that, in accordance with these guidelines, no more than 35 million people should remain in Russia to service the extraction of natural resources, the West does not need more, with the exception of certain valuable specialists and scientists.
Since Yeltsin appointed Poltoranin as the first head of the state commission for state archives and secret documentary materials, he declared with all responsibility that “All his statements are supported by irrefutable documentary evidence, many of which are presented in the book for the first time. Thus, according to these documents, at the end of Gorbachev's perestroika, the USSR owed the West $35 billion. However, Gaidar fraudulently convinced Yeltsin that this debt was 110 billion.
Russia officially recognized this amount by borrowing from the IMF to pay off this colossal debt and falling into financial bondage to the West, more precisely to B'nai B'rith, which controls all of its major banks and financial institutions. Meanwhile, the debt of foreign countries, mainly developing countries, to the Soviet Union amounted to more than 120 billion dollars, and there was not the slightest reason to get into this bondage.
When Yeltsin was transferred to Moscow, he began a bold fight against its mafia and the party bureaucracy that had become detached from the people. However, then he was reborn and fell under the newly-minted Russian oligarchs, who amassed huge fortunes by plundering public property. As an example, Poltoranin referred to Abramovich. This oligarch owns numerous enterprises, mines and mines, including the most profitable of them in Mezhdrenchensk, there is even a whole port of Nakhodka. But the numerous companies of the oligarch, who own all this, pay taxes on their income at their place of registration in Luxembourg.
The current government, well aware of this, pretends that everything is in order. It is not surprising that other Russian oligarchs, who do not care about their people and their country, do exactly the same thing. They, like the highest government officials, have long ago prepared for themselves "landing sites" in the West, when Russia will be completely destroyed and it will become unsafe to be in it. The current rulers writes Poltoranin , -
became even more than Yeltsin, servants of both the Russian and the planetary oligarchy behind them. “Together with Yeltsin, they created such orders, such a terrible monster, with which they can no longer do anything, even sincerely trying to change something for the better.”
Associate Professor of the Russian State Humanitarian University and Politician Alexey CHADAEV, although he recognizes the possibility of patriotism in our country, but in one of his interviews, he said this: “Still, I am rather wary of the current patriotic wave. There is a lot of positive in it, but it seems to me that this is such a well-fed patriotism that does not like and does not know how to sacrifice. Those. it's good to be strong, it's good to win when you watch, for example, a war on TV. And if “Gruz 200” came to your family, would you remain a patriot then?
To what extent this new patriotism of ours, generally speaking, is ready to sacrifice something for its own sake, that's what we need to think about and talk about. And finally. I was told here a Voronezh anecdote that the inhabitants of the city of Voronezh, having learned about the amounts allocated for the restoration of Tskhinvali, wrote a letter to Mikhail Saakashvili with a request to bomb the Voronezh region a little. When I thought about it, I realized that these people are, in general, patriots. They want to have new beautiful buildings, good roads in the Voronezh region ... "
Our truly Russian spiritual authority Lev Tolstoy thought that in the country in which the people are removed from control
, patriotism is a feeling "rude, harmful, shameful and bad, and most importantly - immoral." He believed that patriotism inevitably gives rise to wars and serves as the main support for state oppression. Tolstoy believed that patriotism was deeply alien to the Russian people, as well as to the working representatives of other peoples: in all his life he had not heard from the representatives of the people any sincere expressions of a feeling of patriotism, but on the contrary, he heard many times expressions of disdain and contempt for patriotism.
They will say: "Patriotism has bound people into states and maintains the unity of states." But after all, people have already united in states, this thing has been accomplished; why now support the exclusive devotion of people to their state, when this devotion produces terrible disasters for all states and peoples.
After all, the very patriotism that brought about the unification of people into states is now destroying these very states. After all, if there were only one patriotism: the patriotism of the English alone, then one could consider it unifying or beneficent, but when, as now, there is patriotism: American, English, German, French, Russian, all opposed to one another, then patriotism is no longer connects and separates. (See L. Tolstoy. "Patriotism or Peace"?)
One of Tolstoy's favorite expressions was the aphorism I cited above by Samuel Johnson. Lenin in his polemical article "April Theses" as well as Leo Tolstoy, "Ideologically branded" the patriotism of his political competitors - socialists from among the so-called "revolutionary defencists", and themselves - as compromisers with the Provisional Government. Critics of patriotism also note the following paradox: if patriotism is a virtue, and during the war the soldiers of both sides are patriots, then they are equally virtuous; but it is for virtue that they kill each other, although ethics forbids killing for virtue.
A little about true (or not true) patriotism. Recently, a State Duma deputy from United Russia, Alexei Zhuravlev, put forward a draft law on the introduction of elementary military training in schools. Why and who needs this law? If we are preparing for war, then tell me which one? Does our state really believe that world terrorism can be resisted with human meat and tanks?
This question was also asked to the deputy. But Mr. Zhuravlev, with the stupidity of a schoolboy who has been taught NVP for too long, repeated: in conditions when we are surrounded by enemies, we need to cultivate patriotism. That is, if a student runs around in a gas mask for a long time and stubbornly, then, according to the deputy, he will certainly become a patriot.
The deputy does not think of any other methods of educating patriotism, for example, by introducing additional hours in literature into the program of compulsory free education with a deep study of the works of Pushkin, Leskov, Tvardovsky ... Or the development of a modern program for the study of national and world history - the program is not dogmatic, multilateral, allowing to comprehend historical events from today's standpoint. It doesn’t occur to him, this deputy, that if the school studies “Boris Godunov” and the history of World War II more deeply, then the student’s patriotism will be much more humane than if he played with weapons.
The same can be said about sports, on which the state spends not just fabulous, but mind-blowing money. Football players are bought for millions of dollars, and football teams for hundreds of millions. The cost of another football player often reaches the city budget of some district city. Did reasonable humanity ever know such indecency?! No, it hasn't been for centuries. And how much is spent on the training and maintenance of other athletes, elite stadiums, sports palaces, their protection, maintenance, uninterrupted work?
And all this is presented as a patriotic movement. In fact, this is not physical education for "mass consumption", but a fabulously expensive professional hobby for the elite, which a guy from a simple Russian family cannot afford to do. And for what and for whom, in this case, all these expenses? Professional sport in our state has become an unaffordable, super-expensive and unbearable for our people toy of the rich class and luxurious entertainment of the elite. There is no other explanation for this.
IV. instead of a conclusion. What to do?
It goes without saying that in the situation described above, it is naive and useless to talk about patriotism in the abstract language of posters and paid demagogues with their characteristic pomp, as is done in elementary military training in schools or in an army barracks. You will only turn the younger generation even more away from this really lofty feeling. Which many people don't have.
But bowing your head humbly is not in the manners of the Russian people, who are naturally endowed with high patriotic feelings and who love their Motherland.
What to do? Revolution? God forbid! “The revolution,” as the Minister of the Interior of Jacobin France, Roland, said, “only introduces an element of retribution against those who brought the country to the barricades ...”. For retribution (“I will repay”) the revolution really acts as a purifier. But we should not forget that a revolution is an element more terrible than any earthquake or tsunami. It is conceived by romantics, accomplished by grated cynical pragmatists, but most importantly, scoundrels and scoundrels use its fruits. Those scoundrels for whom patriotism is just a good refuge.
The French educator Charles Montesquieu warned that new tyrannies are born on the revolutionary barricades, and the most cruel tyranny is the one that appears under the shadow of law and under the banner of justice. One should also not trust the seductions of the authorities themselves, which often, in order to dull the vigilance of society, perform only imitative actions, manipulating the minds of people, without real changes for the better and even without intentions to make such changes, as they say, in the absence of political will to do so. As an illustration, I will quote Igor Guberman:
In a fatal moment, the leaders of the people
improved the culture
gave some oxygen
suffocation became softer. Recently, in the opinion of many Russian humanist and legal scholars, it has become obvious that Russia is increasingly plunging into a deep, primarily existential crisis. And in the world with might and main makes itself felt the crisis of liberalism. Europe throughout the 20th century went to it with leaps and bounds, now it is agonizing in this crisis (Greece, Spain, Iceland, Cyprus, it is already a stone's throw from Belgium, and there it is not far from France). The dead end and falsity of the prevailing ideological and worldview concepts is obvious and looks more and more gloomy and apocalyptic.
Look at what liberalism has led to Western and our ideology, including? To the undivided triumph of oligarchic capital, in which societies turned out to be a weak-willed toy in the hands of gangs of all-powerful clans of the richest modern bourgeoisie, corporate clans, to a terrible merging of monopolies with the state apparatus and subjugation of this apparatus, which has become an open servant of the modern capitalist class.
It depends only on the remaining normal-minded and living according to human laws representatives of our people, responsible and free citizens, which way Russia will go further - will continue its fall back into barbarism and savagery, or, having come to its senses, nevertheless reorient itself towards civilization and renounce liberal plans for integration. into the global economy, law and morality, will understand that globalism is our death.
No matter how critical many of us may be about the journalist and TV presenter Vladimir Pozner, but it must be admitted that his words contain part of the answer to the eternal question of the Russian intelligentsia, which does not lose its relevance: what to do? He said : « For me, it is to show indifference to what is happening in your country. If something happens that hurts you, that seems wrong to you - this is pain, this is bitterness, it can be anger, it can be despair. And in any case, love or, if you like, patriotism consists in seeing the problems of the country. Do not rejoice in them, as some people do, and in any case do not close your eyes to them, on the contrary, speak about them loudly and clearly.
But the program proposed by Posner is clearly not enough. There will be one talking shop. She is enough. Specific action is required. Here is the writer Victor Pelevin and recommends them. He's writing: " The problem is that recent history Russia has corrupted the people completely and forever, without any hope of a cure. How do you teach children to work honestly when their entire universe is the result of an outbreak of dazzling theft? And honest work - for whom?
On someone who managed to steal before the order to be honest? As one traffic police officer said, and these people forbid us to pick a striped stick in the nose ... Lord! Are you seriously going to raise public morals by banning obscene language? It’s not worth talking about morality from TV until the last Koch is strangled with the gut of the last Chubais, as long as the so-called “elite” continues to exist - that is, an organized group of people who, by prior agreement, blew one-sixth of the land, wrote themselves an astronomical bonus for this and left to London, leaving here watching with flashing lights and TV towers.
These people, with their evergreen gesheft, intend to survive under any power, which somehow discolors the romantic horizon of the coming revolution. You begin to understand that in today's Russia the word "revolution" means only one thing - except for the rusty jaws of the Gulag, which they have already sawn up and sold, they want to rewrite all the land, water and air for themselves - having prepared us for this, as well as last time, a cascade of witty couplets. Vive la liberte!"
Yes, it's unfortunate. But not hopelessly. There are no dead ends. Quite a lot of positive experience has been accumulated in this regard in the world.
Many European countries managed without significant losses and upheavals; they took into account the bitter experience of foreign revolutions and civil wars. Without wars and cataclysms, literally in the 20 post-war years, real social legal systems of the social structure of people's lives were created there. Why did we learn from America, and not, for example, from Norway, Sweden, Denmark or from the same former Russian outskirts - Finland?
Socialism has already been built in these countries. Built by implementing just a few principles community development: full control of society over officials and the state; state control over the country's resources and cash flows; social and inevitable responsibility of business (bourgeoisie, capital) for the filling of public (social) funds and, finally, a fair legal policy with honest judges and prosecutors. And that turned out to be quite enough.
Of course, in our country, one would have to add such a factor as the victory over the bureaucratic-oligarchic mafia to these areas. And it is impossible to win if the mafia itself fights against it, as is done in our state. And, therefore, whether we want it or not, we still need to cultivate patriotism in people. Not false patriotism, not jingoistic patriotism, but genuine patriotism is love for one's people and his bloodless country. So that such people grow up to be true fighters against this very mafia, professionals of the highest class, so that true fighters for the common cause and the common good, for social justice and legality, for the human rights and dignity of citizens grow up.
For the purpose of a more specific and substantive conversation about attempts to return to the education of patriotism, I refer readers to the website "The ABC of Russian Patriotism" and an article by Vladimir Rus "The Basic Principles and Concepts of Russian Patriotism".
1. Russian patriotism is a militant ideology of the peace-loving Russian people designed to promote unity of the Russian people, the preservation of the Russian people, the growth of the Russian people, the prosperity of the Russian people and the power of the Russian state - a guarantee of world balance and a bulwark of the preservation, growth and prosperity of the Russian people and other peoples living on the territory of the Russian state.
2. Russian determination- defending the interests of the Russian people and the state by all available means, the readiness to bear any sacrifice to protect the freedom and independence of the Russian people and state.
3. Russian people- a single people, leading its origin from ancient times, realizing its unity from the time Kievan Rus and its Baptism, and includes three branches - Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian (Great Russian).
4. Russian people- Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, connected by a common Russian Orthodox cultural tradition and the desire for a unified state, regardless of their place of birth and residence.
5. Russian land, our country- the territories of residence of Russian people, which are included and historically were part of the Russian state.
6. Russian state, Russian empire, state- a single Russian state of the Russian people and other peoples living on its territory, the continuation and development of the first Russian state - Kievan Rus and the historical successor of the Second Rome - the Byzantine Empire.
7. Russian faith, Russian Orthodoxy- the only faith of Russian people who believe in God and a single cultural and moral basis, tradition and orientation for atheistically inclined Russian people.
8. Russian culture- the embodiment of Russian identity - language, morality, customs, art, science, technology and technology, medicine, education, sports, using thousands of years of experience in their own development and the highest world achievements, and relying on Russian sanity and Orthodox cultural tradition.
9. Russian truth, Russian cultural and information environment- from lullabies, fairy tales, school textbooks, books, theaters, museums to the media and culture: newspapers, magazines, cinema, radio, television, the Internet - the basis of public consciousness, should be formed mainly Russians people in the interests of the Russian people and the state in line with the Russian cultural and historical tradition, and patriotism, using their own experience, positive global trends and popular, fashionable techniques.
10. Russian power- state power, political, economic, financial, military, legislative, judicial, informational, cultural, delegated by the citizens of the Russian state to their representatives and being par excellence Russian, in view of the fact that the Russian population makes up the majority of the population of the Russian state - is designed to ensure and protect the interests of the Russian state, Russian and other peoples living on its territory, maintain a balance of interethnic interests in the Russian state, equality of citizens of the Russian state, regardless of their nationality and regions of the country, the prevailing proportion of the Russian population in the country, the correspondence of the number of Russian representation in all government bodies and vital areas of activity to the share of the Russian people in the total population of the country.
11. Russian device - a historically verified model of social and economic structure that ensures the existence and development of the country as a strong independent state - is based on an ideological system built on the principles of patriotism, a political system - on a rigid administrative vertical with strong self-government at the lower level, an economic system - on full state ownership and monopolies in strategic sectors and areas, and the full encouragement of private initiative at the level of medium and small businesses.
12. Russian mission- the objective, historically confirmed special geopolitical position of the Russian state, which ensures world balance - the balance of global geopolitical interests, as well as the subjective, centuries-old desire of the Russian people to establish a just world order, peaceful existence and mutually beneficial cooperation of all states and peoples, its respect for the sovereignty of other states, national and cultural characteristics and the struggle against the hegemony of any force on the world stage.
13. Russian religious tolerance- respect for non-Christian world religions - Islam and Buddhism, as well as for the scientific atheistic tradition.
14. Russian sanity- Russian realism, the ability to weed out true values from the "tares" in beautiful packages, practicality, ingenuity - verification on reasonableness any statements, provisions, actions, "regardless of persons"; the desire to reach the essence of phenomena; search for natural connections between events; denial, in full accordance with the Orthodox tradition, of mysticism, palmistry, cabalistics and other "occult sciences"; critical attitude to foreign experience and culture, achievements, lifestyle; active adoption of positive foreign experience and its adaptation to our conditions; the study of "inexplicable", "mysterious", "mysterious" facts and events from the standpoint of common sense, using scientific methods; lack of dogmatism and understanding of the limitations of any theory and the incompleteness of any knowledge.
15. Russian morality- norms of life, behavior based on popular experience, Orthodox Christian morality and Russian sanity and denying licentiousness, depravity, perversion, meanness, betrayal, money-grubbing, hypocrisy, deceit, as well as any attempts " legalize"In the Russian public consciousness these and other vices.
16. Russian justice- the basis and highest manifestation of Russian legality - is of a universal nature, based on universal values, Russian sanity and Orthodox tradition; denies racial, national, religious, class superiority and oppression; builds an attitude towards other peoples, states, depending on their attitude towards the Russian people, people and state; recognizes as lawful the distribution of public goods and wealth according to labor, according to socially useful results of activity and their further transfer according to the will of the owner or by inheritance; considers it a natural duty of people and the state to help children, the elderly, the weak, the sick; considers the fulfillment of obligatory public and military duties as a sacred duty of every citizen; encourages socially useful activities; demands strict retribution for criminals - traitors, murderers, thieves, enemies of the Fatherland; requires the provision of all possible support to the friends and allies of the Russian people throughout the world, and the fight against injustice and hegemonism in international relations.
17. Russian dignity- Russian national self-consciousness, national self-respect - understanding by Russian people of their national unity, a special place of the Russian people and the state in the world; pride in the history of their country, its culture and the great achievements of the Russian people; critical attitude to their shortcomings, the desire to correct them, but without self-flagellation; readiness to resolutely and by all means defend the honor and dignity of their country, the Russian state, the Russian people and their own honor and dignity; lack of snobbery and a sense of superiority over people of other nationalities.
18. Russian independence- the initiative of the Russian people, ingenuity, the ability to act reasonably without a pointer in non-standard situations, at your own peril and risk, in difficult conditions, with an acute shortage of funds and resources - a huge reserve for reasonable patriotic legislation for the rapid development of small and medium-sized businesses, the economy as a whole, the development of natural resources in remote areas of the country.
19. Russian directness- adherence to principles, firmness, decisiveness - the innate ability of a Russian person to defend his opinion, beliefs and common interests in a direct confrontation with the enemy, even if the latter is significantly superior to him in strength.
20. Russian cunning- military, diplomatic, economic, technical cunning, ingenuity - developed over centuries of struggle with superior enemy forces, difficult natural conditions and a lack of the most necessary for existence, the ability to achieve victory, a positive result in small forces, means, numbers, resources " seven days a week"situations.
21. Russian catholicity- Russian democracy, which denies the "values" of Western democracy, based on the costly manipulation of public opinion, in which the people do not actually delegate power, but " sells"to its representatives of the richest part of the population.
22. Russian community- Russian collectivism - the traditional priority in the Russian consciousness of the public over the individual, collectivism over individualism, the basis of the Russian people.
23. Russian nationality- the primordial democracy of the Russian people - non-class and non-class, independent of power, wealth and position in society, the feeling of a Russian person himself particle of the Russian people, understanding of their connection, closeness with the Russian people, with all Russian people "as they are", the unity of their origin and destiny with the Russian people, denial elitism as superiority to the people and isolation and isolation from the people.
24. Russian wealth- the basis of the well-being of the Russian and other peoples living on the territory of the Russian state - the cultural, material, natural, labor resources of the Russian state belonging to past, present and future generations, which the current generation should intensively use for the common good, fairly distribute, protect and increase for future generations.
25. Russian power- the power of the Russian state - the ability and determination united Russian state, based on economic and military power and advanced development of modern types of weapons and weapons of mass destruction, to ensure the external and internal security of the country and its allies, as well as the interests of the country in the world, regardless of how many and what forces encroach on them.
26. Russian prosperity- economic and spiritual well-being of the Russian people and other peoples living on the territory of the Russian state, based on internal harmony and cohesion of society, the will of the people, individual initiative, the effective organization of economic, socio-political and state mechanisms, creative work, the development of science and modern technologies, Russian art, sports, fair and harmonious legislation, social guarantees in the areas of healthcare, education and housing, the exploitation of the country's natural resources and global natural resources, the might of the Russian state, mutually beneficial international cooperation and an independent foreign policy that strictly defends national interests.
27. Russian leaders- Russian statesmen, such as Vladimir the Baptist, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, who, despite all the shortcomings and mistakes, proved to be genuine Russian statesmen who are historical landmarks for Russian patriots of subsequent generations.
28. Russian army- the armed forces of the country, the people - selfless patriots, not mercenaries, serving the highest bidder, defenders of the Fatherland from external and internal enemies, a bulwark of Russian independence, a guarantee of ensuring national interests, the most important priority truly Russian state.
29. Russian guard- organization, party, leader resolute struggle for the interests of the Russian people and the state - the patriotic vanguard of the Russian people, bound by iron discipline and based on the principles and ideology of Russian patriotism, designed to ensure unity patriotic forces of the country, necessary for them to achieve power in the country, and the implementation of the main goals of the ideology of the Russian people.
30. Russian goal- spiritual improvement of the Russian people, height of the Russian people and the development of all Russian lands, the achievement of prosperity for the Russian and other peoples living in the Russian state, the formation of the Russian state as one of the main world centers for the cultural and economic development of mankind, capable of successfully fulfilling the historical mission of the Russian people - the establishment of a just world order without wars and violence.
Conclusions:
1. Patriotism in our country, at the helm of which are representatives of the current ruling class of the bourgeoisie and feudal latifundists, in its current form and content is a really reliable refuge for the most notorious villains . 2. As for the main part of the people, then its own country, having treated them vilely and allowing lawlessness and injustice to triumph, has lost genuine patriotic forces in its person, excluded from the spiritual sphere the national patriotism of its citizens, whom the modern bourgeoisie and feudal power have turned into an exploited hireling labor force deprived of the Fatherland;
3. However, in its pure, undistorted and undeformed form, patriotism, which is genetically present in Russian people, is needed by the healthy forces of society. Their goal should be "education of hatred for the bourgeoisie as the beginning of virtue", by Gustave Flaubert, and return to the people of the socialist Fatherland liberated from the fetters and fetters of capitalist slavery, exploitation and violence;
4. Today, the manifestation of patriotism can be not love for one's bourgeois Fatherland, but only love and compassion for one's unfortunate people, readiness for any sacrifices and deeds in the name of its interests. R for the sake of the people, the capitalist system must be compressed and curtailed to such an extent that the subsequent revival of the former power and greatness of our country would begin, construction happy life and the well-being of every person, that is, the creation of a social and legal society (socialism) and the revival of true love for one's country;
5. In order to create optimal paths to achieve the above social goals, healthy Russian patriotic forces must completely reject the ideas of liberal ideology as the most profitable type of business, ever invented by mankind, since this ideology reflects the desire at all costs to protect a privileged position and the "right" of individuals to receive dividends from the whole society. We just need to remember that within the framework of today's capitalist system, no progress in the development of society is possible. No!
6. Instead of a liberal ideology, we need to return to the universal, divine and moral norms of humanitarian, social and legal community. This means that a return to the principles of Russian catholicity and self-government in public life is necessary, strengthening a nationwide state based on people's trust and fair legal regulation of social processes.
7. The economy needs a sharp turn to what was originally planned in Soviet times. integral model of economic development
, that is, a model that involves the optimization not of private capitalist forms of life with their complete selfishness, wastefulness, idleness of the bourgeoisie and corrupt government officials, but the active promotion and support of the collective public interest of the entire society, including upbringing, education, medical care, security and much more .
8. In politics, the healthy forces of the nation should set themselves the goal of forming a mature civil society, which, over time, through constant and systemic pressure on capital and latifundist feudal lords, should win back the maximum economic concessions and, on this basis, form a stable middle class, which, along with the main means production, natural resources, land, subsoil, and other wealth of the Motherland, all political power in the country should be transferred.
Background: The beginnings of patriotism that arose in primitive society were based both on a material basis, which was collective property, and on a spiritual basis - a sense of blood connection between all members of a clan or tribe. The emergence of the state as a political organization that ensures the vital activity of society through the enrichment of its enterprising part, led to the rejection of the majority from objects of property and, in general, predetermined the emphasis only on the spiritual principles of patriotism. Therefore, the problem of the material and spiritual foundations of patriotism becomes very relevant. Results: The historically established definition of patriotism and consideration of its foundations over time showed that patriotism is based both on a material and spiritual basis. With the decay of primitive society and the emergence of property inequality, the material basis of patriotism - property - underwent modification, and its spiritual basis - a sense of natural attachment to one's native land, native language, etc.
Background: The beginnings of patriotism that arose in primitive society were based both on a material basis, which was collective property, and on a spiritual basis - a sense of blood connection between all members of a clan or tribe. The emergence of the state as a political organization that ensures the vital activity of society through the enrichment of its enterprising part, led to the rejection of the majority from objects of property and, in general, predetermined the emphasis only on the spiritual principles of patriotism. Therefore, the problem of the material and spiritual foundations of patriotism becomes very relevant. Results: The historically established definition of patriotism and consideration of its foundations over time showed that patriotism is based both on a material and spiritual basis. With the decomposition of primitive society and the emergence of property inequality, the material basis of patriotism - property - underwent modification, and its spiritual basis - a feeling of natural attachment to the native land, native language, etc., was combined with an awareness of civic obligations in relation to the more complicated society. This led to the fact that the material principles of patriotism gave way to spiritual ones. Since the material basis of patriotism is inextricably linked with the prevailing ideas about property and completely determines its spiritual component, the introduction of public property on the basis of forms of ownership within the framework of the current legislation makes it possible to consider it as a material foundations of patriotism. The condition that, within the framework of public property, every citizen is a co-owner of the entire wealth of the country without allocating its share, allows us to equate the concepts of “homeland”, “fatherland” with a new “special organization” of society that ensures the interests of both society and its enterprising part. Field of application of the results : The results obtained establish the possibility of joint use of objects of public property by all members of society without allocating a share of each in it to ensure their livelihoods, and it is on this basis that they form the spiritual principles of patriotism, which makes it possible to equate the concepts of "motherland", "fatherland" with a new "special organization" society, which ensures the interests of both society and its enterprising part. Conclusions: The material basis of patriotism is public property, on the basis of which the efforts of society directly ensure its vital activity, and the spiritual component determined by it is inextricably linked with pride in the achievements and culture of one’s country, the desire preserve its character and cultural characteristics, the desire to protect the interests of the motherland and its people.
A comment:
20. Patriotism is a broad concept. It all depends on what specific content is embedded in this word. Enlightened patriotism is a feeling that one can and should be proud of. It implies an active love for the motherland, manifested in concrete deeds that benefit people.
A patriot can be a simple person who unselfishly did good to his neighbors and
distant. A patriot is a creative figure who has glorified his country and, thereby, all of humanity with his work. Unconditional patriots - defenders of the Motherland from foreign invaders, especially those who gave their lives for it.
In other words, a patriot is not one who constantly reminds of his patriotism, but one who works fruitfully for the good of society, helps the disadvantaged, heals the sick and raises children, creates new knowledge and skills, fights violence, opposes exploitation and slavery. contributes to the progress of society. And, on the contrary, one who suppresses citizens and complicates their existence, lives not for people, but at their expense, humiliates foreigners and those whom he considers “foreigners”, conserves obsolete orders, imposes false ideas and goals on society cannot be considered a patriot. .
A true patriot has the right not only to be proud of his country, but also to feel for
she is ashamed when wrongful acts are committed. Often such shame and such
Pain gives rise to deeply moral deeds, asceticism of people.
(Adapted from the article by V.B. Slavin)
1. Plan the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and
title each one.
Answer:
The following semantic fragments can be distinguished:
1) enlightened patriotism and its essence;
2) who can and who cannot be called a patriot;
3) the attitude of a patriot to the history of his country.
kind of people like that.
Answer:
The correct answer should include the following types of people:
1) simple people who do good;
2) creative people who glorify the country with their work;
3) defenders of the Fatherland.
3. The text lists behavioral traits that a patriot should not and cannot have. Name any three traits and explain the anti-patriotic essence of any
one of them.
Answer:
The correct answer should indicate the features and give an explanation of one of them, for example:
1) the suppression of citizens and the complication of their existence (this interferes with the normal interaction of citizens, the development of the country);
2) life is not for people, but at their expense (patriotism assumes that a person is useful for his country, compatriots, and such behavior is clearly contrary to patriotism);
3) humiliation of foreigners and "foreigners" (patriotism implies disinterested love for one's country, and not the humiliation of other peoples and countries);
4) conservation of obsolete orders (this hinders the development of the country);
5) the imposition of false ideas and goals on society (impedes the normal development of the country, may even cause significant damage to it).
Answer:
Examples can be given in the correct answer:
1) a commercial bank is engaged in charity and helps disabled children;
2) after the fires in the summer of 2010, an initiative group of citizens organized a collection of essential items for people affected by the disaster.
3) the family took on the upbringing of an orphan child.
5. In some schools, teams of students are formed who visit the battlefields in
during the Great Patriotic War, take care of the graves of fallen soldiers, try to restore the names of unknown soldiers, meet with veterans and help them. Can this activity be called patriotic? Using the text and social science knowledge, give two explanations for your opinion.
Answer:
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) answer to the question: this activity is patriotic;
2) explanations, for example:
- schoolchildren learn better about the heroic pages of the history of their homeland;
− schoolchildren help to preserve the memory of the defenders of the fatherland;
− schoolchildren provide disinterested assistance to veterans.
6. The author believes that a patriot may feel shame and pain for the wrongful actions of his country. Explain why these experiences do not contradict patriotism. Using the text, knowledge of the course, and social facts, provide two explanations.
Answer:
The following explanations can be given:
1) patriotism involves worrying about the fate of one's country, including when illegal actions are committed that can harm it in the future;
2) the experience of imperfections in the life of their country encourages true patriots to make ever greater efforts to improve the situation.
21. Sergei, a ninth-grader of a comprehensive school, takes part in the All-Russian Mathematics Olympiads. In addition, he is engaged in the figure skating section. What level of education is Sergey at?
1) higher professional education
2) basic general education
3) secondary general education
4) secondary vocational education
Patriot
A patriotic person is one who loves his Fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland.
(from the Greek patriótes - compatriot, patrís - homeland, fatherland), love for the fatherland, devotion to it, the desire to serve its interests with its actions. Patriotism is “... one of the deepest feelings fixed for centuries and millennia by isolated fatherlands” (V. I. Lenin, Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 37, p. 190).
Patriotism is a moral criterion that distinguishes a noble person from a low one and a spiritually developed person from one who is in spiritual lethargy.
Patriotism is an objective assessment of the situation and actions of the native country, combined with an optimistic view of the vector of its development in the future.
Patriotism is pride in all the achievements of one's people and awareness of all its historical mistakes.
Patriotism is the willingness to sacrifice the personal for the sake of the public good.
How to develop patriotism in yourself
Family education. Parents who show love and respect for their country instill and shape the patriotic consciousness of children.
Interest in national culture and traditions. In order to love your people, you need to know them; consciously studying the history of his people, a person cultivates patriotism in himself.
Awareness. Patriotism involves pride in one's country's achievements; interest in information associated with all aspects of the life of society and the country creates the basis for the development and manifestation of patriotism.
The purposeful work of the institution of state power is a system of patriotic education. More details can be found by reading the article.
