INTRODUCTION
Every person in life has to hear the word "relic" used in different meanings and different contexts. It often happens that you yourself come across various kinds of relics. What is a relic? According to the most concise definition of the dictionary, this is a thing sacredly kept as a memory of the past. The word comes from the Latin verb relinquere - “to remain”, from which another word also comes - “relic”, meaning in the narrow sense of the word living organisms that have been preserved unchanged from ancient eras, and in a broader sense - the legacy of bygone eras in general.
Relics are different. Many families keep things inherited from grandfathers and great-grandfathers. They are kept as family heirlooms. If the owners of these things were outstanding people, then these things end up in museums and become relics of value and interest to many. There are national relics, there are important and valuable relics for individual organizations and institutions - educational institutions, military units, plants, factories, institutes, collective farms, state farms, etc.
In the origins of the patriotism of every nation, an important place is occupied and rightfully called sacred by those or other objects that are associated with the most important events of its history. Most often they are in museums. Suffice it to recall the museums of military glory, of which there are many in our country, where the battle banners of the times of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, personal belongings of the heroes who gave their lives for the Motherland are kept.
But there are relics of a different kind - religious relics, which have a number of features. Firstly, a historical relic is historical because it is authentic, while the authenticity of religious relics in most cases is not proved in any way and most often the question of this is not even raised. Secondly, religious relics are aimed at maintaining emotions of a special kind, at inflating blind devotion to the institutions of the church, mysticism, and very often the most extreme fanaticism.
Relics, as a rule, are associated with independent and peculiar cults that exist within religions. The cult of relics is most characteristic of societies with highly organized religious systems.
Three religions, which are commonly called world religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, have a fairly large number of relics. Each of these religions breaks up into currents, directions, sects, which in the course of their historical development could not collide with each other either on the conceptual problems of dogma, or even more so on issues of cult practice, and therefore the relics of each of them most often own.
Apologists of the Church, theologians of various religions rely on relics and legends associated with them in order to create the appearance of the historicity and authenticity of those provisions of their canonical literature, which scientific religious studies explain as the heritage of other, earlier cults, dating back to the most ancient layers of primitive mythology. Therefore, in order to understand the essence of religious traditions, it is important to reveal the real meaning of relics, the time and circumstances of their occurrence.
Any relic is a piece of history. Real historical relics are for us a kind of documents, silent, but eloquent witnesses of the events of a particular era. Religious relics sometimes (like, for example, the mummies of monks) directly reflect historical reality, in other, more frequent cases (like the Tooth of the Buddha, Osman's Koran) are not at all the objects that believers take them for. But they also reflect some kind of historical reality, namely the situation, those ideological moods that contributed to their emergence. These religious relics and interest"! for people who want to know the history of mankind in all its diversity.
This book will deal with just a few relics. The authors deliberately do not dwell on such Christian relics as holy relics, various kinds of objects associated with the cult of Christ, widely revered in Catholicism. Quite a lot has been written about them and there is hardly any point in repeating them.
Of the Christian "sacred objects", only one is considered - the Shroud of Turin, which still causes a lot of controversy. As for other relics, which are described in the book, little is known about them to the general reader. Therefore, they attracted the attention of authors who attempted to throw off the mystical cover from them, telling about the history of their origin, about how they were used and are being used to strengthen religious faith.
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A relic is a particularly revered and preserved item of special historical or religious value. Russia keeps many unique relics.
Cap of Monomakh
The Monomakh's Cap is considered one of the most ancient regalia of Russian princes and tsars. She was married to the kingdom of all Russian rulers in the XVI-XVIII centuries. Subsequently, the Hat, along with other regalia of the Russian tsars, was kept in the Cathedral of the Assumption in an lectern, taking part in coronations as a relic.
Many historians believe that the Monomakh's hat is of Central Asian origin and was presented to Ivan Kalita by Khan Uzbek.
Initially, it looked like a skullcap made of gold fabric, but later it was decorated with precious stones, pearls and fur. Now Monomakh's cap weighs 994 grams and is decorated with 43 stones.
Icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir
According to church tradition, the Evangelist Luke painted the icon. From Jerusalem, it came to Constantinople, and then, at the beginning of the 12th century, it was presented to Prince Mstislav. Several miracles are attributed to the icon, including the deliverance from Tamerlane in 1395.
After the revolution, the icon was removed from the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin for restoration, and in 1926 it was transferred to the Historical Museum. There, the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God spent only 4 years, after which it was donated Tretyakov Gallery. Since 1999, the icon has been kept in the church-museum of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi.
Golden Gates of Vladimir
The Golden Gates of Vladimir were built in 1164 under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. They led to the richest princely-boyar part of the city. In the old days, the gates were covered with sheets of gilded copper, which gave them a special solemnity. This is what caused the abduction of the gates in 1238, when Vladimir was taken by the Mongol-Tatars. However, the gates did not go far, while crossing the frozen Klyazma, the ice cracked and the gates sank. The sashes were never found.
Unfortunately, due to fires and invasions of enemies, the Golden Gate has come down to us in a greatly altered form. They were repeatedly restored, so that only a wide passage arch with powerful side pylons and a combat platform above them, which have been preserved in fragments, belong to the ancient parts of the structure.
Particle of the robe of the Mother of God
According to legend, the robe of the Mother of God is the robe of the Virgin Mary, acquired in 457-474 by two brothers from Byzantium. To date, the location of the riza is unknown, it is lost after 1434, when the church in which the robe was kept was destroyed by fire.
Particles of the Riza spread throughout the world. One of them was acquired in Constantinople by Dionysius of Suzdal, along with many other relics, to fill the Ark of Dionysius. Another part of the Robe was acquired by Prince Vasily Golitsyn, and for a long time it was in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. To date, a piece of the Robe is in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, where anyone can bow to her.
Nail from the Cross of the Lord
The nail of the Lord is one of the nails with which Jesus was crucified on the cross. In 326, Empress Helen Equal to the Apostles went to Jerusalem to acquire the Cross of the Lord. Together with the Cross, the nails with which the Savior was crucified were also found. Only 3 or 4 nails survived.
Until the 17th century, one of them was kept in Georgia, but after the conquest by Persia, it was brought by Shah Abbas as a gift His Holiness Patriarch Filaret. After the October Revolution, the relic was confiscated by the new authorities, but in 2008 the nail was returned to the church and is currently kept in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.
Kazan icon of the Mother of God
The icon was found in 1579 in Kazan, it was dug up in the ashes after a strong fire that destroyed part of the city. At the place of acquisition, the Bogoroditsky maiden monastery was erected. The icon was recognized as miraculous, according to church traditions, when it was moved to the temple, two blind men were healed. The icon was revered not only in Kazan, but also in Moscow, and soon many lists appeared. TO XIX century there were so many of them that it was difficult to say where the original was, but historians are of the opinion that it was kept in the Kazan Bogoroditsky Monastery. It was from there that on June 26, 1904 the icon was stolen and subsequently destroyed.
According to another version, the icon was sold abroad, and only in 2004 returned to Russia as a gift from Pope John Paul II.
Relics of Seraphim of Sarov
Seraphim of Sarov is one of the most revered Russian saints. His relics are considered miraculous. In 1920, they were almost lost due to the Soviet anti-religious program. Two years later, the remains of the saint were transferred to the Museum religious art V Donskoy Monastery. In 1990, the relics of the saint were rediscovered when unidentified remains were found in the vaults of the Museum of the History of Religion. After careful analysis, it became clear that they belonged to Seraphim of Sarov. Today, the remains of the holy elder are kept in the Epiphany Cathedral.
Ark of Dionysius
The Ark of Dionysius is considered one of the most ancient and revered Christian relics in Russia. Created in the XIV century by Russian craftsmen, decorated with gold and precious stones, it was taken to Constantinople by Dionysius of Suzdal, where the ark was filled with shrines. For a long time it was called the "Passion of the Spasov" and was considered a talisman of the Moscow principality, Rus', and then Russia. The ark survived the revolution, it was preserved by the Bolsheviks as a work of art, and is now kept in the Kremlin.
Prince Dovmont's sword
Dovmont was a Lithuanian prince, but, having fled from internecine wars in his homeland, he settled in Pskov, where he was baptized and became known as Timothy. For more than 30 years, Dovmont served the city, and after his death he was canonized as a local saint. The commander's sword became a state relic. For a long time it was kept in the Trinity Cathedral, after the revolution the blade was transferred to the Pskov Museum. The Dovmont sword is the only medieval sword in Russia whose history is known and recorded for certain.
Relics of Alexander Svirsky
Alexander Svirsky went to the monastery for 19 years, where he was tonsured. During his lifetime, he was famous for miracles and a righteous way of life, and after his death he was canonized.
In 1918, as part of the exposure of the church, the body of the saint was removed from the monastery. Reports recorded that the remains of the saint were replaced with a wax doll, but in 1998 the relics of Alexander Svirsky, which remained incorrupt, were returned to the church.
cue cross
The cross was ordered by Patriarch Nikon in Palestine for the monastery, which was located on the island of Kiy. The cross was similar in size and shape to the one on which the Savior was crucified. The Kiev cross is an ark containing 108 relics of saints and 16 stones from the places of biblical events. Initially, it was kept in the Kiysky monastery, but with the arrival Soviet power it was moved to the anti-religious museum on Solovki, and then to the storerooms of the Historical Museum in Moscow. In 1991, the cross was transferred to the temple St. Sergius Radonezhsky in Krapivniki.
Godin Cross
Godin's cross is an image of the crucified Christ, made of linden wood. The shrine was found in 1423 in the Sakhot swamp. Nicholas the Wonderworker appeared to the shepherds, and soon a temple was built on the site where the cross was found. A large number of miracles are attributed to the Godin shrine, and perhaps it was because of this that the cross suffered so much in Soviet times. After unsuccessful attempts to burn or etch the tree with acid, the cross was thrown into the swamp, but several parishioners pulled the shrine out of the swamp and hid it in the Chrysostom Church. At the beginning of the 21st century, the cross was restored, and now you can bow to it in the church of John Chrysostom, which is located in the Yaroslavl region, in the village of Godenovo.
The image of St. John the Baptist with a hoop
At miraculous icon John the Baptist has a rich history. It was painted in 1550 - 1560, it was an image from the local iconostasis of the Devichy Monastery. The peculiarity of the icon is that a hoop is attached to it, which is now stored in a separate chest in the chapel of the church of the John the Baptist Monastery. In 1922, the image was removed from the temple by the Bolsheviks, and returned to the monastery only 80 years later.
Since 2005, anyone can bow to the icon; it has become famous for miraculous healings. Many parishioners said that their illnesses receded after they prayed to John the Baptist and put a hoop on their heads.
Tolga Icon of the Mother of God
Tolga icon Mother of God kept in the Tolga Monastery in Yaroslavl. There were three lists of this icon, but only one of them is miraculous. It was acquired in 1314 by Prokhor, Bishop of Rostov and Yaroslavl. A monastery was erected on the site where the icon was found. The image was kept there until 1920, when the Bolsheviks handed it over to the Yaroslavl Museum. In 2003, the Tolga Icon of the Mother of God was returned to the monastery.
Many miracles are attributed to the image, including myrrh-streaming, the resurrection of a dead child, and the healing of Tsar Ivan the Terrible from leg disease. The latter, in gratitude, erected a stone cathedral in the monastery.
Don Icon of the Mother of God
The Don Icon of the Mother of God, according to legend, was presented to Dmitry Donskoy by the Cossacks on the eve of the Battle of Kulikovo. Art historians believe that the image was painted by Theophan the Greek or one of his students, and in Russia the icon is revered as miraculous. It is also noteworthy that the icon is two-sided - the image of the Assumption of the Virgin is written on the reverse side.
According to church legends, it was the icon of the Mother of God that saved Moscow from the invasion of Khan Giray in 1591. In the 17th century, a precious frame was created for the icon, consisting of a silver riza with gold inlays and precious stones. A large number of reliquaries were also invested in it, but in 1812 Napoleon's troops plundered all the stones from it, and during the October Revolution the icon itself lost its riza. She herself survived and was transferred to the Historical Museum. Today the image is in the Tretyakov Gallery.
Relics of Sergius of Radonezh
Saint Sergius of Radonezh is a righteous man, a miracle worker and a reformer of monasticism in the north of Rus'. 30 years after his death, the relics of the Reverend were found. Since then, the shrine with the remains of the saint was kept in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and left it only three times - two times due to fires, one - during the coming of Napoleon.
In 1919, for the purpose of anti-religious propaganda, the body of Sergius of Radonezh was opened and transferred to the Sergius Historical and Art Museum. After the start of the war of cancer with the relics of the saint, it was evacuated to Solikamsk along with the museum fund. In 1946, the relics of Sergius of Radonezh were returned to the church, and are still in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
For many centuries, people have tried at all costs to find at least some things related to Jesus Christ, and no wonder, because many of them, according to legend, have healing properties. Today we will tell you about the eight most important relics associated with Jesus Christ.
Life-Giving Cross
The Life-Giving Cross is the cross on which, according to Christian beliefs, Jesus Christ was crucified. It is one of the main Christian relics. According to legend, the cross was found by Empress Helen, mother of the Roman emperor Constantine I, in 326. She ordered to destroy the temple built on the site of the crucifixion of Christ, and dig out three crosses - one - the blessed one, on which Christ hung, and two others, on which the robbers were crucified. According to legend, in order to determine on which of the crosses Jesus was crucified, all three crosses were brought to a terminally ill woman who recovered as soon as she touched the Life-Giving Cross.
During its history, the tree of the Life-Giving Cross was divided into particles of different sizes, which can now be found in many temples and monasteries of the world. According to a study conducted in the 19th century, the total weight of all documented fragments of the Cross is only about 1.7 kg.
Veil of Veronica (Veil of Veronica) is a miraculous image of Jesus Christ, which, according to legend, appeared on a scarf that Saint Veronica gave to Jesus Christ when he carried his cross to Golgotha. The history of this relic is rather ambiguous, because the first mention of it is found only in the Middle Ages. In the Middle Ages, many copies of the scarf were created, until in 1600 the Pope issued a ban on its copying.
According to legend, the true Veronica Placard is kept in the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome. This is a thin fabric in which the image of the face of Jesus Christ is visible through the light. The Vatican calls the Plage of Veronica the most valuable relic of Christianity, which is kept in St. Peter's Basilica. In 1628, Pope Urban VIII issued a ban on the public display of the canvas, and since then it has been removed from the column for public viewing only once a year - on the fifth Sunday evening of Great Lent. The display time, however, is limited, and the board itself is shown from the high loggia of the Pillar of St. Veronica. Only the canons of St. Peter's Basilica are allowed to approach the relic.
Plage of Veronica shown from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica
The crown of thorns is a crown of thorny branches of a plant, which, according to the Gospels, was placed on the head of Jesus Christ by Roman soldiers during His desecration. Today, the relic, revered as the Crown of Thorns of the Lord, is located in Paris, in the Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral. Despite numerous studies, the authenticity of the crown has not been proven. The relic is on display every first Friday of the month, Good Friday and every Friday of Great Lent.
Nails
While believers around the world are arguing about how many nails it took to crucify Jesus Christ, three or four, there are already at least 30 such relics in the world. According to legend, the nails were found by the same Queen Elena during excavations life-giving cross. She gave some of the nails to her son Constantine I, who used them to create a royal diadem and a bridle for his horse. According to rumors, one of the nails was used to create the Iron Crown, which is kept in the Church of St. John the Baptist in Italy.
holy grail
The Holy Grail is the cup from which Jesus Christ ate at the Last Supper and into which Joseph of Arimathea collected blood from the wounds of the Savior crucified on the cross. Despite the titanic efforts of many generations of explorers, the Holy Grail has never been found.
Conspiracy theorists argue that the word "grail" refers to the blood of the descendants of Jesus. According to other researchers, the Holy Grail may mean the breast of Mary Magdalene.
Foreskin of Jesus Christ
If the Holy Grail is the most coveted relic, then the foreskin of Jesus is definitely the most unusual. The foreskin (or prepuce) is a product of the Circumcision of the Lord, or in simple words, a part of the skin of the penis of Christ. Numerous monasteries and churches have declared and continue to declare that they have a sacred prepuce, and numerous miraculous properties. According to some reports, there are as many as 18 prepuces in the world, but officially, the church does not recognize any of them.
The Shroud of Turin is undoubtedly one of the main Christian relics kept in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Turin (Italy). The shroud is a four-meter linen cloth, in which, according to legend, the body of Jesus Christ was wrapped after death. It clearly shows two prints of the human body in full growth: from the side of the face and from the side of the back. Catholic Church officially does not recognize the shroud as genuine, but considers it an important reminder of the Passion of Christ. Some believers are convinced that there are real imprints of the face and body of Christ on the shroud, but disputes about its authenticity continue to this day.
FAMILY PRIDE
I'VE DONE THE WORK
SUPERVISOR
MEREZHANOVA TATYANA DMITRIEVNA
VETLUGA - 2016
1. Introduction 3 - 4
2. Main body
2.2. Order of the Badge of Honor 6
3. Conclusion 14
4. Literature 15
5. Applications
Introduction
The purpose of this work:
Tasks:
Object of study:
Subject of study: order as a family heirloom.
Research hypothesis
Research methods:
Main part
Order of the Badge of Honor
Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise
In the spring of 1975, my grandfather was called to the Gorkles association, whose director at that time was Nikolai Vasilyevich Bezrukov. Vladimir Pavlovich was offered the position of director of the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise.
Since ancient times, the Vetluzhsky region has attracted attention and aroused interest primarily with its forest wealth. Since 1920, the Vetluzhsky District has been one of the main suppliers of commercial timber and fuel for the Moscow, Petrograd and other central provinces for a long time.
1. Vetluzhsky forestry enterprise (Golubikhi village).
2. Kalinin timber industry enterprise (Kalinino village). In 1967 - 1968, the Vetluzhsky forestry enterprise and the Kalininsky timber industry enterprise united, the village. Kalinino and Golubikha were connected by a narrow gauge railway.
3. Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise (city of Vetluga).
In the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise, timber was harvested in the areas of Bolshaya Kaksha, Malaya Kaksha and the village of Leninsky. The wood was rafted for processing in sawmills and to meet the needs of the city of Vetluga. In 1957, the timber processing plant produced 8382 cubic meters of lumber, 10130 pairs of skis, 120 thousand rubles worth of furniture, 12982 crates.
In the 1970s - 1980s, the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise successfully worked. It was a modern logging and wood processing enterprise with a complex of various workshops and services. Every year, the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise produced products worth 3–3.8 million rubles and supplied the cardboard factory and the Syavsky timber and chemical plant with raw materials. Along with the removal of timber, the timber industry enterprise produced lumber, rough furniture blanks, and timber for the textile industry.
In April 1984, the Kalinin timber industry enterprise merged with Vetluzhskoe, and the harvested wood began to be more rationally distributed among the points of shipment to consumers and processing in the lower warehouses of the forest plots.
From 1977 to 1980, the villages of Bolshaya Kaksha, Malaya Kaksha, Pervomaika, Tumbas, Nagorny, where the loggers were located, were liquidated, and also liquidated Railway, and the entire technological process switched to auto-delivery. Felling machines began to be used for felling forests, and delimbers were used for cutting knots.
Unfortunately, at present, the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise is one of those enterprises in the region that have ceased to exist.
Conclusion
A strong family comes from strong traditions. It is no secret that family traditions and family heirlooms help to strengthen the family, bring its members closer together, and contribute to the interaction of generations of the family.
Thanks to this work, another thing dear to everyone appeared in our family - a family heirloom - the grandfather's order. This is part of the fate of my grandfather, and therefore part of the fate of our entire family. Such relics oblige us to be worthy successors of the work of our fathers and grandfathers.
Having carried out research work, I learned a lot about my grandfather Merezhanov V.P., I began to know better the history of my small homeland - the city of Vetluga, got acquainted with the history of the Vetluga timber industry enterprise. There are practically no materials on the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise in the Vetluzhsky Museum of Local Lore; archival materials in the village of Kalinino burned down during a fire in the 90s. We collected material bit by bit. We tried to systematize all the collected material and transferred it to the Vetluzhsky Museum of Local Lore.
This research can be used at school for class hours, during educational work.
Literature
1. Large soviet encyclopedia. Second edition. Ch. editor B. A. Vvedensky - "State Scientific Publishing House", 1955
2. Vetluga - the lilac city - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house "Books", 2008, 216 p.
3. Ushakov D. N. Bolshoi Dictionary- M .: "Alta - Print", 2007, VIII, 1239 p.
Sources
1. Merezhanov Vladimir Pavlovich
2. Memories of Merezhanov Alexander Vladimirovich
3. Memoirs of countrymen: Ryzhova N. N., Muravyova V. I., Kalsina
4. Family archives, photographic materials, relics
5. http://www.rusorden.ru/content/image/su/mm1_1a.gif
6. Archival sources:
Notes in the Leninskoe Znamya newspaper dated January 6, 1977, September 17, 1977, January 22, 1977, March 22, 1977, April 14, 1977, April 26, 1977, May 14, 1977, July 9, 1977, August 13, 1977 year, November 25, 1975.
Annex 1
Order of the Badge of Honor
The artist D.S. Galyadkin expressed the idea of the order in the figures of a man and a woman - a worker and a collective farmer, moving forward, personifying the movement towards socialism.
The Order of the Badge of Honor is worn on the left side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders of the USSR, is located after the Order of Friendship of Peoples.
The Order of the Badge of Honor has the shape of an oval framed on the sides with oak branches. In the center of it are the figures of a worker and a working woman, carrying banners symmetrically located to the left and right of them with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, unite!" In the upper part of the order there is a five-pointed star, under which, against the background of the banners, there is a relief inscription - USSR. At the bottom of the order there is a relief inscription - "Badge of Honor". The banners and the star are covered with ruby-red enamel and bordered along the contours with gilded rims. The poles of the banners and the inscriptions are gilded, the oak branches, the lower part of the order and its general background are oxidized.
The Order of the Badge of Honor is made of silver. The order is 46 mm high and 32.5 mm wide. With the help of an eyelet and a ring, the order is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a light pink silk moire ribbon with two longitudinal orange stripes along the edges.
By decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated December 25, 1935, the Order of the Badge of Honor No. 1 was awarded to the chairman of the Batyr collective farm in the Tashkent region, Artykbai Tillyabaev, for great success in increasing cotton yields.
Appendix 2
Appendix 4
"Lenin's Banner" No. 3 "Lenin's Banner" No. 10
Annex 5
"Lenin's Banner" No. 35 "Lenin's Banner" No. 45
Annex 5 (continued)
Newspaper "Lenin's Banner" No. 50 of April 26, 1977
Appendix 6
Annex 7
Annex 8
Photo Merezhanova V.P. on the regional Board of Honor (1977)
Appendix 9
Annex 9 (continued)
Annex 10
Annex 11
With a team of loggers of the Vetluzhsky timber industry
Merezhanov V.P. (far right)
Watering machine for leveling and strengthening the winter roadbed, along which timber was removed
In the center Merezhanov V.P.
Industrial wood - parts of a tree trunk of a certain size and quality, which are the end product of logging production or used as semi-finished products for further processing
Site - a place for temporary storage of timber removed from the plot
Whips - a tree trunk from which knots have been removed
Plot - a piece of forest set aside for felling
The lower warehouse is the territory of the timber industry enterprise (enterprise), where the cross-cutting of the whips into assortments is carried out
FAMILY PRIDE
I'VE DONE THE WORK
MEREZHANOV DMITRY ALEKSANDROVICH
Grade 9 MOU Vetluzhskaya school number 1
SUPERVISOR
MEREZHANOVA TATYANA DMITRIEVNA
teacher of MOU Vetluzhskaya school No. 1
VETLUGA - 2016
1. Introduction 3 - 4
2. Main body
2.1. The meaning of the word "relic" in the modern encyclopedia. 5
What are the relics. What is a "family heirloom"
2.2. Order of the Badge of Honor 6
2.3. Labor biography Merezhanova V. P. 7 - 8
2.4. Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise 8 - 10
2.5. What archival materials told about 10-13
3. Conclusion 14
4. Literature 15
5. Applications
Introduction
Two years ago I started a study of sorts. I examined a photograph of my great-grandfather Alexander Fedorovich Kolomin, who died during the Great Patriotic War in 1942 in the battles for the city of Leningrad. Together we are trying to compile the family tree of our family. Unfortunately, I know very little about my great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers. There are only a few photographs in our family archive. Listening to stories about my ancestors, I understand that one can look through the history of my country from their biographies: the formation of collective farms, the Great Patriotic War, victory over fascist Germany, restoration of the economy destroyed by the war. The history of the country is reflected in the fate of people close to me.
I think that it is much more difficult to find out about a person when he is no longer alive, and many facts have already been erased in the memory of loved ones. Our town is small. My grandfather Merezhanov Vladimir Pavlovich is known by many of its inhabitants. So I decided to ask my grandfather about the most significant events in his life.
Once I saw my grandfather have a small red box in which the order is carefully kept. I knew that my grandfather did not fight because he was still small. For what, then, did he receive his reward? My interest became even greater when my grandfather said that he would give this award for safekeeping to me as the youngest representative of our family. So, I have to become the keeper of the family heirloom.
The purpose of this work: to continue the study of one's kind through the study of a family heirloom.
Tasks:
1. Study the biography of my grandfather Merezhanov V.P.
2. Collect the memories of my grandfather for the family archive, find out what the most significant events took place in his life, trace their connection with the history of our city.
3. Collect and study the available photographs, documents.
4. Systematize the received data.
Object of study: the personality of grandfather Merezhanov V.P.
Subject of study: order as a family heirloom.
Research hypothesis: the history of my city is reflected in the fate of my grandfather.
Research methods:
1. Poll - interviewing grandfather Merezhanov V.P., dad - Merezhanova A.V.
2. Search and study of information about the family heirloom.
3. Search and study of information about the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise, which was headed by my grandfather since 1975.
4. Working with archival documents and photographs from the family archive, documents of the Vetluzhsky Museum of Local Lore.
5. Generalization of the received materials.
First of all, we need to record grandfather's memories. Let us pay special attention to the following facts: in what period he headed the timber industry enterprise, for which he was awarded the order. Let's collect information about the order: when it was established, for what merits a person could receive this award. The Internet will help us with this. Next, we will try to collect material about the Vetluzhsky timber industry enterprise. Let's turn for help to the Vetluzhsky Museum of Local Lore, the archive of the Vetluzhsky District, to people who worked with my grandfather. Let's study photos from the family archive. If we manage to collect any materials, we will transfer them to the museum.
Main part
The meaning of the word "relic" in the modern encyclopedia. What are the relics. What is a "family heirloom"?
First of all, I decided to find out the meaning of the word "relic".
The word "relic" comes from the Latin words "remains", "remains", "remain", "leave". According to the encyclopedia, a relic is a particularly revered, expensive memory item. (1, p. 339 - 340) Relics are historical and religious.
Historical relics are a kind of documents, witnesses of past events. Bright historical relics are battle flags, manuscripts, state seals.
Religious relic - a thing that is the subject of religious worship and seems miraculous to believers. Relics are among the religious relics. (3, p. 900)
There are also technical relics. These are instances of machines or other technical devices related to types produced in the past and not used for a long time, but preserved in a working or restored state.
Family heirlooms - documents, objects belonging to a family or clan and inherited from generation to generation.
If you trust encyclopedias and dictionaries, the relic has a material meaning, but I think that this is not so. In my opinion, the relic, first of all, has a spiritual value.
What is contained in the word "relic"? “Lik” stands out immediately, which means “face”. It turns out that a family heirloom is not just especially honored, expensive things, it is also the face of the family, of my family.
Conclusion: The most ordinary thing that does not represent material value. A family heirloom has, first of all, a spiritual value for a particular family and is the connecting thread of the generations of this family.
Order of the Badge of Honor
Since our grandfather's award has become a family heirloom, we decided to learn as much as possible about it.
The Order of the Badge of Honor (see Appendix 1) is the last peacetime Soviet order. It was established on November 25, 1935. His appearance was associated with urgent need encouragement of labor enthusiasm by non-economic incentives, the most striking manifestation of which was the Stakhanov movement that arose during the years of the second five-year plan (1933 - 1937). The Order of the Badge of Honor was awarded to individual citizens and entire labor collectives for high performance in industry and agriculture, for special achievements in scientific, cultural and sports activities, for introducing technical improvements and inventions of great importance in all areas of socialist construction. economic importance, for services to improve the combat capability of the Red Army and the defense capability of the USSR.
In November 1935, the First All-Union Conference of Advanced Workers and Women Workers was held in the Kremlin. At this meeting, the importance of the Stakhanov movement for socialist construction was especially noted. During the work of the meeting of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on November 25, 1935, he established the Order of the Badge of Honor. The order was declared "a symbol of the deepest respect for working people."
Conclusion: We learned that the Order of the Badge of Honor was awarded to people for special labor achievements. So my grandfather also did something significant in his work life.
