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For the ancient Greeks, Chaos is a “yawning space” that existed much earlier than the universe. Chaos consisted of fog and darkness. Due to the action of time, the Chaos fog from the rotational movement took an ovoid shape, containing ether in the middle of itself. From the rapid movement, the egg ripened and split into two halves, from which the earth and sky arose.
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From the rapid movement, the egg ripened and split into two halves, from which the earth and sky arose.
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Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich "The Creation of the World"
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Where there was land, there was sea and air. And it was impossible to stand on land or swim on the waters. The air was devoid of light, and nothing kept forms. Everything was still in the struggle, then in a single mass. Cold fought with heat, dryness fought with moisture, Weightless, hard with soft fought against the weighty. Ovid's "Metamorphoses"
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Since ancient times, man has been thinking about the question “How did the world and everything that exists in the world appear?” The origin of the world is one of the central problems of natural science. Philosophers argue that the emergence of life is the result of a creative act of the spiritual principle, the "higher intellect", God.
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Others, in contrast, believe that life is material in its origin and arose naturally on the basis of the general laws of nature.
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Look at the painting by Pietro da Cortona “The Triumph of Divine Providence” The depicted figures of people and animals included in the landscape composition look small among the majestic, “cosmic” landscapes
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Fresco by Michelangelo "Separation of light from darkness" - here is depicted biblical story- the creation of the world - a hymn to the physical and spiritual beauty of man, the assertion of his limitless creative possibilities
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Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich "Chaos. The Creation of the World" On the canvas of Aivazovsky "Chaos. The Creation of the World" darkness is conveyed with extraordinary expressiveness, gradually replaced by light. The Bible - the Book of Books - tells us in its own way about the creation of the world.
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Let's read the first lines of the great book. "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of God hovered over the waters. And God said, "Let there be light!" And there was light. And God saw the light that it was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. And God called the light day, and the darkness night. And there was evening and there was morning: one day. And God said: “Let there be a firmament!” and became solid. And God called the firmament sky. It was the second day. And God said: “Let the waters gather in one place, and let the dry land appear!” And it became so. And God called the dry land earth, and the gathering of waters he called the seas. And God said: “Let the earth bring forth grass, grass and trees!” And it became so. It was the third day. And God said: “Let there be lights in the sky!” And God created the sun, moon and stars. It was the fourth day God said: "Let the waters gather in one place, and let the dry land appear!" And it became so. And God called the dry land earth, and the gathering of waters he called the seas. And God said: “Let the earth bring forth grass, grass and trees!” And it became so. It was the third day. And God said: “Let the water bring forth fish, and let the birds fly in the sky!” And God created various fish and birds. It was the fifth day And God said: “Let there be animals on the earth different types!" And it became so. Finally, God created man. It was the sixth day. And God looked at everything that He had created. And I saw that everything is very good. On the seventh day God rested from all his works and blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. The last creation was the most remarkable. As the Bible says, God created man in His own image and likeness.
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The story of the six days of creation opens the first book of the Bible, the Book of Genesis. Before Michelangelo, painters had already taken up this subject, but very rarely. No one could depict God, and the creation of heaven and earth, day and night, the separation of land from water, the creation of heavenly bodies, wildlife, and, finally, man, without sinning against the truth. Moreover, only very educated, wise and, most importantly, holy people undertook even just to talk about such deep topics.
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Michelangelo, of course, was aware of the extent of his responsibility. Therefore, for all the richness of the painting, he practically did not give any details.
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In the foreground, only the most important thing is the idea that everything on earth was created by God, developed and existed according to His incomprehensible plan.
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Michelangelo began his gigantic work in 1508 and finished in 1512. He painted 800 sq. m ceiling, depicted 300 figures, worked without assistants, exhausted from headaches, fatigue, forgetting about sleep and rest.
The duality of human nature.
Holy Scripture says that the creation of human nature does not end with the creation of man. In Gen. 1:27 says, "And God created man (singular), male and female he created them (plural)." Why does the Bible say that a woman is made from a rib? The Hebrew word sela does not necessarily mean "rib", it can mean "side, side". It should not be assumed that the writer of Gen. 2:18-23 tried to explain the appearance of the wife in a biological sense. This is a symbolic narrative, which in a visual form expresses the idea of the dual unity of human nature. Man is two human hypostases existing in the unity of nature. Human nature fundamentally incomplete in sexual isolation. In this sense, neither a man nor a woman individually represent the fullness of human existence. This truth is connected with the question of marriage, which is important for the doctrine of man.
Tkacheva Tatyana Gennadievna Teacher of history, social studies, Kuban studies, Fundamentals of Orthodox culture Municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school No. 14 p. Sokolovsky, Gulkevichsky District, Krasnodar Territory CREATION OF THE FIRST PEOPLE The life of the first people in paradise. Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise.
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THE CREATION OF THE FIRST MAN And God said, Let us make man in Our image, after Our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.
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HOW GOD CREATED THE FIRST PEOPLE God created man from the dust of the earth, that is, from the substance from which the entire material world was created. And he breathed into his face the breath of life, that is, he gave him a free, rational, living and immortal spirit; and became a man with an immortal soul. Thus, we belong to two worlds: in body - to the visible, material world, and in soul - to the invisible, spiritual, heavenly world. God gave the first man the name Adam, which means "taken from the earth."
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PEOPLE'S LIFE IN PARADISE For him, God grew Paradise on earth, that is, a beautiful garden and planted Adam in it, so that he would cultivate the Shaft and keep it. All kinds of trees grew in paradise With beautiful fruits, among which were two special trees: One was called the tree of life, and the other was called the tree of the knowledge of good and evil Eating the fruits of the tree of life had the Power to protect a person from illness and death. On the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, God commanded, that is, commanded Man: “You can eat from every tree in Paradise, but you do not eat from the tree of the knowledge of Good and Evil. Because if you eat of it, you will die.”
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PEOPLE'S LIFE IN PARADISE Then, by God's command, Adam gave names to all the beasts and birds of the air, but did not find among them a friend and helper like himself. Then God put a deep sleep on Adam; and when he fell asleep, he took one of his ribs and covered that place with flesh (body). And God created a wife out of a rib taken from a man. Adam called her Eve, that is, the mother of people. Having created the wife from the rib of the first man, God has indicated to us. That all people come from one body and soul, they must be united - to love and take care of each other.
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PEOPLE'S LIVES IN PARADISE The life of people in paradise was full of joy and bliss. Their conscience was calm, their heart was pure, their mind was bright. They were not afraid of disease or death, they did not need clothing. In everything they had prosperity and contentment. Their food was the fruit of the trees of paradise. God gave people complete freedom: to love Him or not to love. Without freedom there can be no love. And love is manifested in the joyful fulfillment of the desires of the one you love. But people were less perfect than angels and God taught them love. By fulfilling the commandment, they could show their love for Him.
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FIRST PEOPLE FROM PARADISE But the devil began to lie in order to tempt Eve. He said: “No, you will not die; but God knows that if you eat, you yourselves will be like gods, and you will know good and evil.” The devilish speech had an effect on Eve. She looked at the fruits, they were pleasing to the eye, good for food and gave knowledge. She plucked fruit from the forbidden tree and ate; then she gave it to her husband, and he ate. People succumbed to the temptation of the devil, violated the commandment or the will of God - they sinned, fell into sin. Thus the fall of man took place. When the first people sinned, they became ashamed and afraid, as happens with everyone who does bad things. They noticed right away. That they are naked. They made clothes for themselves out of leaves.
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EXPLOITATION OF ADAM AND EVE FROM PARADISE. The devil envied the heavenly bliss of the first people and planned to deprive them of their heavenly life. To do this, he entered the serpent and hid in the branches of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. And when Eve passed near him. The devil began to inspire her to eat the fruits of the forbidden tree. He cunningly asked Eve, "Is it true that God did not allow you to eat from any tree in paradise?" “No,” Eve answered the snake, “we can eat fruits from all trees, only fruits from a tree that is in the middle of paradise, God said, do not eat or touch them, so that you do not die”
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EXPLOITATION OF ADAM AND EVE FROM PARADISE The original sin of Adam and Eve, with all its consequences, passed through natural birth to all their offspring, that is, to all of humanity, to all of us. That is why we are born sinners and have all the consequences of sin: sickness, sorrow and death. Through their sinfulness, people lost communion with God, He was no longer them visibly, like in paradise. People lost their heavenly blissful life: the earth stopped producing crops in the fields, weeds began to grow along with good fruits, animals began to fear humans, became wild and predatory. There was sickness, suffering and death.
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Slides captions:
WORLD CREATION
FIRST DAY In the beginning God created the heavens ANGEL 1
FIRST DAY In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, but the earth was formless and empty, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of God hovered over the waters 1 1
DAY OF FEATHERS And God said, Let there be light. 1
And became C VE T
THE SECOND DAY And separated the waters that were under the firmament from the waters that were above the firmament. 2
SECOND DAY And God created the firmament 2 1
THE SECOND DAY And separated the waters that were under the firmament from the waters that were above the firmament. NOT BO 2
And God said, Let the waters that are under the sky be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear. DAY THIRD LAND LAND WATER 3
THE DAY OF THIRTS AND THE EARTH BROUGHT PLANT, HERB, AND A TREE BEARING FRUIT PLANTS 3
DAY THURSDAY 4
And God created two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the smaller light to rule the night; DAY 4
And God created two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the smaller light to rule the night; and STAR STARS DAY FOURTH SOLAR T ARGE AT 4
DAY FIVE And God created the great fish and every soul of the reptiles that the water brought forth, And God created every feathered bird FISH BIRD 5
DAY SIX And God created the beasts of the earth, and the cattle, and all the creeping things of the earth BEASTS 6
And God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him DAYS 6
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Presentation slide content.
Slide 2. James Tissot. world creation. God's creation of the world and man
Genesis→
God is the Creator→
angelic world→
Material world→
Slide 3. Scroll. Genesis. This book is called so because it tells us about how “everything began to be that began to be”, i.e. how God called the visible world from nonexistence to existence.
Slide 4. Moses writes the book of Genesis. The author of this Holy Book is the great prophet and leader of the Jewish people Moses. Hidden text: He wrote this book in order to perpetuate the history of the origin of the world and the original fate of mankind, when oral traditions about this began to be distorted and even gradually disappear.
slide 5. The entire narrative of the book of Genesis, which contains 50 chapters, can be divided into three main and essential parts.
↓ First(1-3 ch.) tells about the origin of the world and the fall of the ancestors.
↓ Second(4-11 ch.) sets out the history of primitive fallen mankind, its death in the waters of the flood, reproduction and dispersion throughout the world of post-Flood mankind.
↓ In the third(12-50 ch.) contains the history of the life of the Jewish people.
Slide 6. Aivazovsky I.K. World creation. Chaos. God is the Creator of the world and man.
Slide 7. nature photography. Beauty, harmony, diversity… Hidden text: The world, considered in its external beauty and internal harmony, is a marvelous creation, amazing in the harmony of its parts and the wonderful variety of its forms.
Slide 8. space photography. "Cosmos" - beauty, order. Hidden text: Even the ancient Greek genius, contemplating a reasonable device in the universe, gave him the name kosmos (kosmos), which means beauty, order.
Slide 9. Cognition of the world - knowledge of the Creator. Hidden text: Knowing through telescopes and radio telescopes the vast depths of space and at the same time penetrating into the world of elementary particles, modern science sees on everything visible the seal of the invisible Supermundane Mind.
Slide 10. Icon "Trinity". Rev. Andrei Rublev, first half of the 15th century. Creator of the world and man - God. Hidden text: It is this Supra-Mundane or Divine Mind, which is revealed in the world and through the world to man, according to the Holy Bible, is not only the organizer of this world, but also its Creator.
Slide 11. bible book. holy bible on its first pages tells us the secret of the origin of this visible world.
slide 12. Aivazovsky I.K. world creation. Time is a form of being of the material world. “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen. 1:1), says the chronicler Moses. Hidden text: In these few words, the truth, immense in its depth, is expressed that everything that exists in heaven and on earth, and therefore primitive matter, has its origin. The word "in the beginning" indicates that the world is not eternal, it is called from non-existence to being God in time, or rather, with time itself. There was no time before the appearance of the world, because time is a form of being of the material world.
slide 13. Photograph of Earth from space. The reason for the origin of the world is the will of God. Hidden text: God is the natural cause of the universe, and without Him nothing could have happened. The world could not come either from "accident" or from "spontaneous generation." It originated from the free decision of the will of the almighty God, who favored from non-existence to call the world to temporary existence.
Slide 14. This decision followed solely from the love and goodness of the Creator in order to give the creature the opportunity to enjoy these greatest properties of His Being.
slide 15. Gustave Dore. Creation of light. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God(John 1:1). And so “...He,” according to the divinely inspired psalmist, “said and it happened, He commanded and it appeared” everything (Ps. 32:9). Hidden text: According to the interpretation of the holy fathers of the Church, the creative Word of God must be understood as the Second Hypostasis of the Holy Trinity - the Son of God, through whom, in the words of the Evangelist John the Theologian, "everything ... began to be, and without Him nothing began to be that began to be" (Jn .1,3). Since the second verse of the first chapter of the book of Genesis speaks of the participation of the Holy Spirit in the creation, one can think that God acted in the creation of the world as the eternal Trinity.
slide 16.The world is created from nothing
. Hidden text: The creation of the world from nothing or from non-existence is one of the basic truths Christian faith. Although the Bible does not contain the word "out of nothing", but it is implied already on its first pages. This word was first introduced into use by the holy fathers and teachers of the Church, in opposition to the then dominant dualistic worldview of many pagan thinkers, who recognized, along with the eternal God, eternally existing matter, from which God then created various forms of the visible world. In turn, the pagan sages objected to the monistic view of the holy fathers and said that something cannot be created from nothing. St. Basil the Great, in response to their objection, explained that God did not create the world out of nothing in the literal sense of the word, but out of "His might." So we need to understand the word “out of nothing” in the sense in which the holy fathers used it. Since there is no change in God, one can think that the image of the world has always existed in His Mind. In other words, the idea of the world has always existed with God, but then, by His all-good will, it received its realization in time.
slide 17. heavenly forces(fragment of wall painting of St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kyiv). angelic world.
Slide 18. Collage - earth and sky. God created two worlds: heavenly, earthly. Hidden text: The Bible gives us very little information about the spiritual world. From the context of the entire Bible, the following idea of the spiritual or angelic world can be drawn.
slide 19. Priest Alexander Egorov. Powers of Heaven. The angelic world was created by God before the material world. Hidden text: The Lord Himself clearly tells us about this in the book of Job: “When the stars were (created), all My angels praised Me with a great voice” (Job 38:7).
slide 20. Angel Drawing. Angels are beings thinking, willing, feeling like people, but incorporeal.
slide 21. Gustave Dore. Angelic extravaganza (" Lost heaven»).
The number of angels is very great.
slide 22. Gustave Dore. "Lost heaven". According to their perfections, the angels are not the same and are divided into several degrees. The lowest of the angels is by nature superior to the most gifted man. Hidden text: The fate of the spiritual world is hidden from us, but one event known to us from Holy Scripture, a little reveals the secret of this world.
slide 23. Gustave Dore. "Lost heaven". All angels were created by God to be good. They lived in direct communion with God and were in a blissful state.
slide 24. Gustave Dore. "Lost heaven". And then one of the highest angels, named Dennitsa, proud of his perfections, left obedience to God ...
↓ ... became an evil devil (slanderer), Satan (an adversary) and dragged away many angels subject to him.
slide 25. Gustave Dore. "Lost heaven". Archangel Michael - the leader of the Angels who remained faithful to God ...
↓ ... overthrown everyone evil angels to hell, i.e. to a place where the saving grace of God is absent.
slide 26. Gustave Dore. "Lost heaven". Thus, boundless pride, which does not allow even a shadow of humility and does not give room for repentance, closed the Kingdom of Heaven forever for the fallen angels...
↓ … and cast them down into the hellish abyss, where they are kept in eternal bonds of spiritual darkness on the day of the Last Judgment.
slide 27. Photograph of Earth from space. Material world. The material world was created by God in six creative days or creative periods. Hidden text: The Hebrew word day (yom) - means not only our earthly day, but generally an indefinite period of time.
slide 28. Chiurlionis M.K. world creation. The first creative act of God- primary matter. ↓ From the original matter - ↓ all forms of being.
slide 29. Chiurlionis M.K. world creation. Initial state Moses calls the newly created matter:
↓ earth (Hidden text: because the globe was then formed precisely from this primary matter)
↓ abyss (Hidden text: indicating by this its infinity and immensity for the human eye)
↓water(Hidden text: meaning by this the instability, mobility, rarefaction of primitive matter, in comparison with the current state of matter)
↓ invisible (Hidden text: in the sense of the absence of those specific features and qualities with which matter appeared later, at the end of creative activity, and with which it is observed now)
↓ unsettled (Hidden text: In the sense of the absence of those laws that so wisely and harmoniously determined her life later (“the earth was formless and empty” (Gen. 1.2))
slide 30. Chiurlionis M.K. world creation. There was darkness over the abyss of pra-matter. Hidden text: This expression of the writer of everyday life can be interpreted in the sense that this primary state of pra-matter is inaccessible to human knowledge. This substance is to be human consciousness as an “abyss”, not explored both “in depth” and “in breadth”.
. « And the Spirit of God hovered over the water"(Gen.1,2). Hidden text: With these words, the writer expresses the idea that the Third Hypostasis of the Holy Trinity - the Spirit of God - prepared this primordial substance for further creative Divine acts.
slide 31. Aivazovsky I.K. world creation. Hidden text: And from this ready-made, primordial, but still unorganized substance, further creation takes place, which took place in the course of six days, or periods, when the omnipotent hand of God, according to the sacred writer of the book of the Wisdom of Solomon, creates the world "from an unshaped substance" (Wisdom 11, 18).
