Almost from the very appearance of mankind, it has been brought up on the parables and songs that are given in the Bible. In our time, the Bible has come through many centuries, overcoming many difficulties. She was forbidden to read, destroyed, burned in the fire, but she is still intact. It took eighteen centuries to create it, about 30 of the most brilliant authors who lived in different years and era, a total of 66 books of the Bible were written in different languages.
According to the school curriculum, children are necessarily told about biblical themes in the visual arts. Art in school thus introduces students to the biblical characters and stories described in the book.
Biblical scenes in painting. The great artist Rembrandt
The world's great artists have used biblical themes in the visual arts. Perhaps the brilliant artist Rembrandt left his mark more clearly. He was able to very truthfully and really sincerely show the inexhaustible wealth of a person through biblical scenes in painting. His characters are like ordinary people, contemporaries, among whom the artist lived.
IN common man Rembrandt could see the inner integrity, nobility and spiritual greatness. He managed to convey in the picture the most beautiful qualities of a person. His canvases are filled with genuine human passions, a vivid confirmation of this is the painting "Descent from the Cross" (1634). The famous painting is “Assur, Haman and Esther”, written according to which tells how Haman slandered the Jews before King Assur, wanting their death penalty, and Queen Esther managed to reveal the insidious lie.
Mysterious Brueghel
In the history of art, it is difficult to find a more mysterious and controversial painter than Brueghel. He did not leave behind any notes, treatises or articles about his life, he did not draw self-portraits or portraits of his loved ones. On his canvases, biblical themes in the visual arts are shrouded in mystery, the characters do not have memorable faces, and all the figures are devoid of individuality. In his paintings you can see the Lord and Holy Mary, Christ and John the Baptist. The canvas "The Adoration of the Magi" is, as it were, covered with a snow-white veil. That is why the pictures are so attractive. Looking at them, I want to unravel the mystery.
Brueghel's biblical heroes are depicted among contemporaries, they lead their everyday life on the Flemish city streets and in the countryside. For example, the Savior, burdened with the weight of his cross, is lost among the multitude of ordinary people who do not even suspect that they are doing their own looking at God.
Paintings by Caravaggio
The great Caravaggio painted canvases that amaze with their unusualness; to this day they cause heated debate between connoisseurs of art. Despite the fact that in the Renaissance the favorite theme for painting were holiday scenes, Caravaggio remained true to himself, his tragic theme. On his canvases, people experience terrible torment and inhuman suffering. Bible Topics in the fine arts of the artist can be traced on the canvases "The Crucifixion of St. Peter", which depicts the execution of the apostle, crucified upside down on the cross, and "The Entombment" depicting a folk drama.
Everyday life and everyday life are always present in his paintings. human life. He in every possible way despised paintings with a fictitious plot, that is, not copied from life; for him, such canvases were trinkets and childish fun. I was sure that only canvases with the image real life can be considered real art.
icon painting
In Rus', icon painting appeared in the 10th century, after Rus' in 988 adopted the Byzantine religion - Christianity. In Byzantium at that time, the iconography and plots of the Old Testament in the visual arts turned into a strict, canonical image system. Worship of icons has become a major part of the doctrine and worship.
For a couple of centuries in Rus', only icon painting was the subject of painting, through which ordinary people were introduced to beautiful art. Depicting moments from the life of Christ, the Virgin Mary and the apostles, the icon painters tried to express their individual idea of good and evil.
Icon painters always had to adhere to strict rules; they could not depict a fictitious or fantasized plot. But at the same time, they were not deprived of the opportunity to create, it was possible to interpret biblical scenes in the visual arts at their discretion, choosing a different combination of colors. The icons of some icon painters differ among others in their special style of writing.
Icons by Andrey Rublev
Often the subject of scientific discussions is the belonging of individual icons to the work of Rublev. The only work that Rublev accurately wrote is the Trinity icon. The authorship of the rest is still in doubt.
The "Trinity" depicts the extraordinary simplicity and "laconicity" of the biblical event. With the greatest skill, the artist singled out precisely those details that help to recreate the idea of the ongoing event - this is a mountain symbolizing the desert, Abraham's chamber, and thanks to this icon, art, simply illustrating the Bible, has turned into a knowing one. Previously, no one dared to such a reincarnation of the sacred text in the picture.
Ancient Russian painting has always clearly followed the biblical text, its initial task was to recreate the image that the Bible and the Gospel narrate about. Rublev managed to uncover philosophical meaning biblical scripture.
Plots of the New and Biblical themes in the visual arts
Plots from the New and Old Testament occupy one of the main places in Christian painting. Depicting biblical scenes, the artist must transfer the sacred text to the canvas, contribute to understanding, enhance emotional perception and strengthen faith. Therefore, the visual arts and the Bible are closely related, their history has changed together.
Christian art did not easily reproduce biblical scenes. Talented artists created stunning paintings, each of which is unique, thanks to the fact that they tell a biblical story in a special way.
Initially, Christianity arose as a new doctrine in Judaism, therefore, plots from the Old Testament predominated in early Christian art. But then Christianity began to move away from Judaism and artists began to depict scenes from
Abraham in the visual arts
One of the characters that unites several faiths (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) is Abraham. His image combines several facets:
- the ancestor of the Jews, and through the children of Hagar and Ketura - of various Arab tribes;
- the founder of Judaism, personifying the ideal of devotion to faith;
- intercessor of mankind before God and hero-warrior.
In Jewish and Christian ideas, there is the concept of "Abraham's Bosom" - this is a special otherworldly place for the repose of the dead righteous. In painting, Abraham is depicted sitting on his knees, in his bosom or in his womb the souls of believers in the form of children sit. This can be seen on the canvases "Golden Gate", "Prince's Portal".
Sacrifice of Isaac
But the most beloved plot associated with Abraham is the sacrifice.
The biblical scripture tells how God asked Abraham to burn his son Isaac to prove his devotion. The father built an altar on Mount Moriah, and at the last moment of the sacrifice of Isaac, an angel appeared to them and stopped him. Instead of a child, a lamb was burned.
Such a dramatic episode leads to the deepest reflections on God's justice.
Biblical themes in the visual arts have always attracted artists. Although bible stories have long been a thing of the past, the painters manage to reflect the modern reality of life through them.
Alexander Yakovlevich Askoldov's father was a commissar ... Hero of the Civil War, director of the Bolshevik plant, one of the largest in Kyiv. In 1937, he was taken directly from the hospital, where he treated old wounds, and taken to the Lubyanka, to Moscow, where he was shot. Then they came for my mother. When they took her away, at night, he heard the elder say to the escort: you will issue her and return for the boy. Sasha was five, he still did not know how to tie his shoelaces, and he did not know how to open the door. He touchingly talks about it: how suddenly everything turned out when he realized that he had to run: his shoes were laced up and he guessed to put a chair to the door and remembered how they cheerfully went to visit his father's friends who lived nearby, and went. It was a large Jewish family, they understood everything, and burst into tears, seized; none of the neighbors informed; and then they managed to send it to my grandmother, to Moscow. He searched for them later, but traces were lost somewhere in Babi Yar...
“Obviously, they died, these people who sheltered me, and I think that this gratitude that lived in me all these years to this family was, to some extent, an impulse that also influenced the birth of the painting, which became the film "The Commissioner".
My grandmother is a simple village woman, very smart, very tough, her maiden name is Bogoroditskaya; she went to a monastery, took care of a very sick woman, whom we called the abbess ... The grandmother worked at the depot, near Novodevichy, as a night cleaner of trams, and worked as a laundry. Three years later, my mother was released; it was almost impossible to get a job, but she was a courageous person, she achieved it - they took her as a nanny, wash the pots ... ”Alexander Askoldov
When the war began, my mother's old friend was appointed director of the blood transfusion institute, he was able to make her his assistant. She carried blood across the fronts. And she herself handed over: the donor was supposed to have a piece of sugar and a piece of butter ... Mom's merits helped the son of an enemy of the people go to college, and after even becoming an assistant to the Minister of Culture, my mother was once friends with Furtseva ...
“At some point, says Alexander Yakovlevich, I felt the absolute meaninglessness of my work as bureaucrats; the thaw was over, and I left. I was examining in his ministry, this time they were examining me. They smiled and giggled. But I passed. Only Romm asked if it was too late. I said: Mikhal Ilyich, it’s probably too late. But I can’t deal with bureaucracy anymore. I want to try something do..."
It's time to shoot the graduation film. “And then, somehow, at a party, such a homely one, my mother’s friend, cheerful, laughter, suddenly says: you know, yesterday I read Grossman’s story, there is such a story! The commissar comes to a Jewish family, she is about to give birth, and so on... And I crawled out from behind the table, into another room, almost without realizing it, sketched out a plan for the future picture, and I didn’t want to think about anything else. I naively thought that I would make such a picture, I understand such a thing about life, that tomorrow, after watching this film, people will become a little better. It was just that a lot worried me, I saw a huge dissonance: interethnic relations in the country, I was deeply wounded by the absolute lack of culture in relation to religion, I was outraged by the sugary depiction of the Civil War in our art. I believed that war is the limit of immorality, and civil war is chaos. Alexander Askoldov.
Rolan Bykov said that Askoldov was the first to show the Civil War as a tragedy. A woman should love, give birth and raise children, and she kills. The female image is the image of Rus'; Mother. His comprehension of the Russian apocalypse is a continuation of the high road of all Russian literature: it was not for nothing that he graduated from philology and for nine years helped Elena Sergeevna disassemble the Bulgakov archive ... This is Petrov-Vodkin's "Petrograd Madonna", and, of course, "horses".
“I saw this dream - a dream about the Commissar. I saw these horses. I saw these children. I have not seen how people are killed in life, and I thought, what am I going to shoot? This will be a "movie". But I realized that war, injustice, hardens. If she hardens a child, what will then grow out of him ... And so the Jewish pogrom arose in me in the form of a child's game of pogrom. It must be immoral to force these kids, for a minute, to turn into little animals. I filmed it with great difficulty. But the result is moral - this should give birth to such a disgust for violence! Which will be stronger than articles and words. Alexander Askoldov
“At first, Rolan Bykov said, the film was supported by many, since the topic was supported in the world, and they wanted a good attitude from international filmmakers ... But the first denunciation that was written on the picture was the denunciation of our consultant, the rabbi of the Moscow synagogue. He wrote that the anti-Semites Shukshin, Mordyukova and Bykov had gathered and were mocking the image of a Jew. This letter came to the party committee... a terrible panic. And I asked Askoldov to let me talk to this rebbe, and asked: "What does not suit you?" He says: Why are you playing such a dirty Jew? What, Jews are so dirty? I answered: Who told you that I am playing a Jew? That when I play Hamlet, I have to play a Dane? I play the father of seven children. The time of the civil war: on every corner the hairdresser does not work, the baths are closed, there is no soap: where can he come from, so clean? And then you see only separate shots, bricks, and what I will lay down from bricks, what kind of temple - you have no idea ... "
They met in their youth, when Askoldov beat Bykov at a reading competition. Then fate brought them together in St. Petersburg, when Alexander Yakovlevich, an official sent by Furtseva to close the Bykovsky performance, on the contrary, defended it ... At first, Rolan Antonych refused to play in the Commissar. Then I thought about it and decided to play a Jew, whom everyone does not like, so that they would love him. So they built the role of Efim Magazanik. Naturally, he has a nervous breakdown when he has to give the room to the commissioner. But having learned that she is expecting a child, he sews a dress for her, gives her slippers, repairs the crib. And when she gives birth in pain, she prays as if she were her own.
Not only Yefim is changing. Looking at this family, at Mary, their faith and true love- he washes her feet, like Christ to the apostles! - Commissar is changing. The commissioner becomes a woman and runs to baptize, to dedicate her child to God. “Listen to how she sings! This katsapka has gone completely mad... Either he catches a cold, or he has a fever... - like a good Jewish mother, in a word. - And what do you think? If a woman puts on leather pants, then she becomes a man…”
“In order to film the Pass of the Doomed scene, extras were needed. Where can I get so many Jews? Tells A.Ya. On the advice of the entangled man, I put on a cap and went to the local rabbi. He listened to me and said: “I did my time, I don’t want to sit for your picture, and I can’t set people up, they believe me.” I have despair. I am writing a letter to the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Ukraine, comrade. Scobe: "I'm making a film about the revolution, about ordinary people, about Jews... Help!" What do you think? an instructor came from the regional committee, the command was given, they just asked me, and bring the children? and children! And when the extras were ready, and we should have already started, the man with the violin said: Comrade Mordyukova, I have a word for you. We will not film, because the Jews will laugh at us later. Mordyukova says: We are shooting such a picture, and you are a coward! Oh you Jews! He retired; circle, consulted; he said: comrade director, we will be filming. Only your movie will never come out. I said: come out!
When Alexander Yakovlevich is asked what this film is about, he always answers: about Love; to a woman, to children, to a neighbor, and about the biggest one, about which the Lord speaks in the Gospel: as if someone lays down his life for his friends. Klavdia Vavilova, realizing the risks of the people who love her, as if foreseeing their future, goes to fight for them. Knowing that - to certain death.
“The most painful thing was, says Askoldov, that the first to kill the picture were not party workers, not the KGB, but brothers-artists. There was a screening at the studio, the film was not accepted. He was fired from his job for professional unsuitability! "The stomping and whistling is still in my ears." Then he was accused of embezzlement of public money. There were trials. They could easily have imprisoned... The sympathizers said: remove the scene of the Holocaust, and they will leave you behind. He sacrificed himself.
When the moment of complete despair came - the picture was washed away, all the working material was destroyed, he began to write letters to Suslov - asking the all-powerful ideologist of the party to keep at least one copy. And Suslov kept it.
“The most difficult was the 86th year. When Perestroika was already raging. When the Fifth Congress of Cinematographers passed and the films that had been lying on them for a long time were removed from the shelves ... And about the film “Commissar”, the board of the State Cinematography met, closed, where my colleagues ... buried the “Commissar” in the ground. And I was completely isolated.
There was a Moscow festival in July 1987, says A.. Within the framework of this forum there was a press conference. And in response to the question of a Brazilian journalist - have all the pictures lying on the shelf already been released to the screen? - sounded: everything. Something outraged me, something irrational raised me, went up to the presidium and said: “20 years ago I made a film, an anti-war film, a film about a cancerous tumor of humanity - about chauvinism. I don’t know if it’s good or bad. But I invested in her with all her strength and skill. I beg you, look and tell me whether she is alive or dead." Gorbachev received the famous writer Marquez the next day - and this demarche of mine was attended by De Niro, Marquez, Vanessa Redgrave ... - and Marquez apparently told Gorbachev what had happened. The command was given, and on July 11, in the same White Hall of the Cinema House, where I was expelled from the party and muzzled, they showed "Commissioner". The public reaction was amazing. Bykov cried, and all the guests wanted to know more about the fate of the picture, and in general, this viewing decided her fate - "Commissioner" broke free. Alexander Askoldov
September 30, 1452 in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg printed the first book - the Bible. The Bible contains many different stories. Today we decided to make a selection of the five most popular stories from the Bible.
The Bible is a collection of sacred texts of Christians, consisting of the Old and New Testaments. Old Testament is also the sacred text of the Jews. The New Testament is the second part of the Bible, a collection of 27 Christian books that have come down to us in ancient Greek. This part of the Bible is the most important for Christianity, while Judaism does not consider it divinely inspired.
Nativity
One of the most important stories in the New Testament. Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem because of the census of the Roman Empire. According to the law, every inhabitant of the empire had to appear in his city. Both Joseph and Mary were descendants of David, they went to Bethlehem. When Mary and Joseph arrived in the city, all the hotels were already taken. Mary was due to give birth, so the Holy Family took refuge in a cave near the city, which was used as a stable for animals, where the baby Jesus Christ was born. After the birth, Jesus lay in a manger for animal feed. Of the people, shepherds came to bow to him, informed of this event by the appearance of an angel. According to the Evangelist Matthew, a wonderful star appeared in the sky, which led the magi to the baby Jesus. They presented Christ with gifts - gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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Kiss of Judas
The plot of the kiss of Judas is in three versions of the Gospel. Judas Iscariot, having decided to betray Christ, led a multitude of high priests and armed people, then Judas approached Jesus and betrayed him, pointing to the guards, kissing him at night in the Garden of Gethsemane after praying for a cup. After this kiss, which was a sign to the people that Jesus should be arrested, the next Passion of Christ began. The kiss of Judas Iscariot is one of the Passion of Christ.
crucifixion of christ
The execution took place on Calvary, on it was the crucifixion of Christ. The execution of Jesus Christ through crucifixion is the final episode of the Passion of Christ and preceding the burial and Resurrection of Christ. Jesus suffered on the cross, two thieves were crucified next to him. One told Christ that since He is the Christ, let Him save us and Himself. The second thief defended Jesus and repented of his sins. Then Jesus told him that the repentant will be with Him in Paradise.
Resurrection of Jesus Christ
When Saturday passed, at night, on the third day after his suffering and death, the Lord Jesus Christ rose from the dead. His body has completely changed. He came out of the tomb without breaking the stone, without breaking the Sanhedrin seal and invisible to the guards. From that moment on, the soldiers, without knowing it, guarded the empty coffin. Later, Mary Magdalene was ahead of the rest of the myrrh-bearing women and was the first to come to the tomb. It was early, it was dark outside. Mary saw that the stone had been rolled away from the tomb, immediately ran to Peter and John and said: “They took the Lord out of the tomb, and we don’t know where they laid Him.” Hearing these words, Peter and John immediately ran to the tomb. Not finding the body of Jesus Christ, they noticed an angel in a white robe sitting on the right side of the place where the Lord was laid, and they were seized with horror. The angel said to them: “Do not be afraid; You are looking for Jesus, the crucified Nazarene; He is risen; He is not here. Here's the place where He was laid. But go and tell His disciples and Peter that He will meet you in Galilee, where you will see Him as He told you.”
REPRESENTATION OF BIBLE BOOKS
Greek philosopher Prince Vladimir
In the beginning, on the first day, God created the heavens and the earth. On the second day he created a firmament in the midst of the waters. On the same day, the waters parted - half of them ascended the firmament, and half went under the firmament. On the third day he created the sea, rivers, springs and seeds. On the fourth day - the sun, the moon, the stars, and God adorned the sky. The first of the angels, the elder of the rank of angels, saw all this and thought: “I will descend to the earth, and I will take possession of it, and I will be like God, and I will set my throne on the clouds of the north.” And immediately he was overthrown from heaven, and after him those who were under his command fell - the tenth angelic rank. There was a name for the enemy - Satanail, and in his place God put the elder Michael. Satan, being deceived in his plan and having lost his original glory, called himself an adversary to God. Then, on the fifth day, God created whales, fish, reptiles, and feathered birds. On the sixth day God created the beasts, the cattle, the creeping things of the earth; created man. On the seventh day, that is, on the Sabbath, God rested from his works.
And God planted paradise in the east in Eden, and brought into it the man whom He had created, and commanded him to eat the fruit of every tree, but not to eat the fruit of one tree - the knowledge of good and evil. And Adam was in paradise, he saw God and glorified him along with the angels. And God brought sleep on Adam, and Adam fell asleep, and God took one rib from Adam, and created a wife for him, and brought her into paradise to Adam, and Adam said: “This is bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh; she will be called wife. And Adam gave names to cattle and birds, beasts and creeping things, and gave names even to the angels themselves. And God subjected Adam to beasts and cattle, and he possessed them all, and all listened to him. The devil, seeing how God honored the man, began to envy him, was transformed into a snake, came to Eve, and said to her: “Why don’t you eat from a tree growing in the middle of paradise?” And the woman said to the serpent: “God said: do not eat, but if you eat, you will die the death.” And the serpent said to the woman: “You shall not die by death; For God knows that on the day you eat from this tree, your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” And the woman saw that the tree was edible, and she took the fruit, and gave it to her husband, and they both ate, and the eyes of both were opened, and they realized that they were naked, and they sewed themselves a girdle from the leaves of a fig tree. And God said: “Cursed is the earth for your deeds, in sorrow you will be satisfied all the days of your life.” And the Lord God also said: “When you stretch out your hands and take from the tree of life, you will live forever.” And the Lord God drove Adam out of paradise. And he settled opposite paradise, weeping and cultivating the earth, and Satan rejoiced at the curse of the earth. This is our first fall and bitter retribution, falling away from the angelic life. Adam gave birth to Cain and Abel. Cain was a plowman and Abel a shepherd. And Cain offered the fruits of the earth as a sacrifice to God, and God did not accept his gifts. Abel brought the firstborn lamb and God accepted the gifts of Abel. Satan entered into Cain and began to incite him to kill Abel. And Cain said to Abel, "Let's go into the field." And Abel listened to him, and when they went out, Cain rose up against Abel and wanted to kill him, but did not know how to do it. And Satan said to him, "Take a stone and strike it." He took a stone and killed Abel. And God said to Cain: "Where is your brother?" He answered: “Am I my brother’s keeper?” And God said, "Your brother's blood is crying out to me; you will groan and tremble for the rest of your life." Adam and Eve wept, and the devil rejoiced, saying: "Whom God honored, I made him fall away from God, and now I have made him weep." And they mourned for Abel for thirty years, and his body did not decay, and they did not know how to bury him. And by the command of God, two chicks flew in, one of them died, the other dug a hole and put the deceased in it and buried him. Seeing this, Adam and Eve dug a hole, put Abel in it, and buried him with weeping. When Adam was 230 years old, he gave birth to Seth and two daughters, and took one Cain and the other Seth, and therefore people began to be fruitful and multiply on the earth. And they did not know the One who created them, they were filled with fornication, all uncleanness, murder, envy, and people lived like cattle. Noah alone was righteous in the human race. And he begat three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. And God said, "My spirit shall not dwell among men"; and again: "I will destroy what I have created, from man to beast." And the Lord God said to Noah: “Build an ark 300 cubits long, 80 wide, and 30 high”; The Egyptians call a fathom a cubit. Noah made his ark for a hundred years, and when Noah told the people that there would be a flood, they laughed at him. When the ark was made, the Lord said to Noah: “Enter into it, you and your wife, and your sons, and your daughters-in-law, and bring to you a pair of every beast, and every bird, and every creeping thing.” And Noah brought in whom God commanded him. God brought a flood on the earth, all living things drowned, and the ark floated on the water. When the water subsided, Noah came out, his sons and his wife. From them the earth was populated. And there were many people, and they spoke the same language, and they said to each other: “Let us build a pillar to the sky.” Started building; and God said, "Behold, men have multiplied and their vain plans." And God came down and divided their speech into 70 and 2 languages. Only the language of Adam was not taken from Eber; this one of all remained uninvolved in their crazy deed, and said this: “If God ordered people to create a pillar to the sky, then he would have commanded it with his word - just as he created heaven, earth, sea, everything visible and invisible.” That is why his language has not changed; Jews came from him. So, people were divided into 71 languages and dispersed to all countries, and each nation took on its own character. According to the teaching of the devil, they offered sacrifices to groves, wells and rivers, and did not know true God. From Adam to the flood, 2242 years passed, and from the flood to the separation of the peoples, 529 years. Then the devil misled people even more, and they began to create idols: some - wooden, others - copper, third - marble, and some - gold and silver. And they bowed down to them, and brought their sons and daughters to them, and slaughtered them before them, and the whole earth was defiled. Serukh was the first to make idols, he created them in honor of dead people: some he set for former kings, others for brave people and sorcerers, and adulterous wives. Serug begat Terah, and Terah begat three sons: Abraham, Nahor, and Aaron. Terah, on the other hand, made idols, having learned this from his father. Abraham, having begun to understand the truth, looked at the sky and saw the stars and the sky, and said: truly it is the God who created heaven and earth, and my father deceives people. And Abraham said: “I will test the gods of my father,” and turned to his father: “Father! Why are you deceiving people by making wooden idols? He is the God who created the heavens and the earth.” Abraham took fire and set fire to the idols in the temple. Aaron, the brother of Abraham, seeing this and honoring the idols, wanted to carry them out, but he himself immediately burned down and died before his father. Before this, the son did not die before the father, but the father before the son; and from that time on, sons began to die before fathers. God loved Abraham and said to him: “Come out of your father’s house and go to the land, which I will show you, and I will create from you great people and the generations of men will bless you.” And Abraham did as God commanded him. And Abraham took his nephew Lot; this Lot was his brother-in-law and nephew, since Abraham took for himself the daughter of Aaron's brother, Sarah. And Abraham came to the land of Canaanite to a tall oak tree, and God said to Abraham: “To your offspring I will give this land.” And Abraham bowed to God. Abraham was 75 years old when he left Haran. Sarah, on the other hand, was infertile, suffering from infertility. And Sarah said to Abraham, "Come in to my servant." And Sarai took Hagar and gave her to her husband, and Abraham went in to Hagar. Hagar conceived and gave birth to a son, and Abraham named him Ishmael. Abraham was 86 years old when Ishmael was born. Then Sarah conceived and gave birth to a son, and named him Isaac. And God commanded Abraham to circumcise the boy, and they circumcised him on the eighth day. God loved Abraham and his tribe, and called him his people, and separated him from others, calling him his people. And Isaac grew up, and Abraham lived 175 years and died and was buried. When Isaac was 60 years old, he gave birth to two sons: Esau and Jacob. Esau was deceitful, but Jacob was righteous. This Jacob worked for his uncle for seven years, seeking the hand of his youngest daughter, and Laban, his uncle, did not give her to him, saying this: “Take the eldest.” And he gave him Leah, the eldest, and for the sake of the other, he told him to work for another seven years. He worked seven more years for Rachel. And so he took two sisters for himself and begat eight sons from them: Reuben, Simeon, Levgia, Judah, Isachar, Zaulon, Joseph and Benjamin, and from two slave women: Dan, Nephthalim, Gad and Asher. And from them came the Jews. Jacob went, when he was 130 years old, to Egypt, along with all his kind, the number of 65 souls. He lived in Egypt for 17 years and died, and his offspring were in slavery for 400 years. After these years, the Jews grew stronger and multiplied, while the Egyptians kept them in slavery. At that time, Moses was born to the Jews, and the Egyptian magi said to the king: "A child was born to the Jews, who will destroy Egypt." And immediately the king ordered all born Jewish children to be thrown into the river. The mother of Moses, frightened by this destruction, took the baby, put him in a basket, and carried him away and placed him in a watery meadow. At this time, the daughter of Pharaoh Fermuf came to bathe and saw a crying child, took him, spared him, named Moses and fed him. That boy was handsome, and when he was four years old, Pharaoh's daughter brought him to her father. Pharaoh saw Moses and fell in love with the boy. Moses, somehow grabbing the king's neck, dropped the crown from the king's head and stepped on it. The sorcerer, seeing this, said to the king: “O king! Destroy this boy, but if you do not destroy, then he himself will destroy all Egypt. The king not only did not listen to him, but, moreover, ordered not to destroy Jewish children. Moses matured and became a great man in Pharaoh's house. When another king became in Egypt, the boyars began to envy Moses. Moses, having killed an Egyptian who offended a Jew, fled from Egypt and came to the land of Midian, and when he was walking through the wilderness, he learned from the angel Gabriel about the existence of the whole world, about the first man and about what happened after him and after the flood, and about the confusion of languages, and who lived for how many years, and about the movement of the stars and about their number, and about the measure of the earth, all wisdom. Then God appeared to Moses in a burning thorn bush and said to him: “I saw the grief of my people in Egypt and came down to free them from the power of Egypt, to bring them out of this land. Go to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and say to him: "Let Israel out so that they make demands of God for three days." If the king of Egypt does not listen to you, then I will beat him with all my miracles.” When Moses came, Pharaoh did not listen to him, and God sent ten plagues on him: 1) bloody rivers, 2) toads, 3) midges, 4) dog flies, 5) pestilence, 6) boils, 7) hail, 8) locusts, 9) three-day darkness, 10) pestilence on people. Therefore, God sent ten plagues on them, because for ten months they drowned the children of the Jews. When the pestilence began in Egypt, Pharaoh said to Moses and his brother Aaron: “Go away quickly!” Moses, having gathered the Jews, left Egypt. And the Lord led them through the deserts to the Red Sea, and a pillar of fire went ahead of them at night, and by day - cloudy. Pharaoh heard that the people were fleeing, and he pursued them, and pressed them to the sea. When the Jews saw what condition they were in, they cried out to Moses: “Why did you lead us to death?” And Moses cried out to God, and the Lord said: “Why do you cry to me? Strike the sea with the rod." And Moses did this, and the water parted in two, and the children of Israel went into the sea. When Pharaoh saw this, he pursued them, and the sons of Israel crossed the sea on dry land. And when they came ashore, the sea closed over Pharaoh and his soldiers. And the God loved Israel, and they went from the sea three days through the wilderness, and came to Marah. The water was bitter here, and the people murmured against God, and the Lord showed them a tree, and Moses put it in the water, and the water became sweet. Then the people again murmured against Moses and against Aaron: “It was better for us in Egypt, where we ate meat, onions and bread to the full.” And the Lord said to Moses: “I heard the murmuring of the children of Israel,” and gave them manna to eat. Then he gave them the law on Mount Sinai. When Moses went up the mountain to God, the people cast the head of a calf and worshiped it as God. And Moses cut off three thousand of these people. And then the people again grumbled against Moses and Aaron, because there was no water. And the Lord said to Moses, "Strike the stone with the rod." And Moses answered: “And what if he does not emit water?” And the Lord was angry with Moses, because he did not magnify the Lord. And he did not enter the promised land because of the murmuring of the people, but led him up to Mount Vam and showed him the promised land. And Moses died on that mountain. And Joshua took over. This one passed through the wilderness, entered the promised land, slew the Canaanites, and brought the sons of Israel into their place. When Jesus died, judge Judas took his place; and there were fourteen other judges. With them, the Jews forgot God, who brought them out of Egypt, and began to serve demons. And God was angry, and handed them over to foreigners for plunder. When they began to repent, God had mercy on them; and when he delivered them, they again turned away into the service of demons. Then there was the judge Elijah the priest, and then the prophet Samuel. And the people said to Samuel, "Set us a king." And the Lord was angry with Israel, and appointed Saul king for them. However, Saul did not want to obey the law of the Lord, and the Lord chose David, and made him king of Israel, and David pleased God. God promised this David that God would be born of his tribe. He was the first to prophesy about the incarnation of God, saying: "From the womb before the morning star he begat you." So he prophesied for 40 years and died. And after him his son Solomon prophesied, who built a temple to God and called it the Holy of Holies. And he was wise, but in the end he sinned; reigned 40 years and died. After Solomon, his son Rehoboam reigned. Under him, the Jewish kingdom was divided in two: one in Jerusalem, and another in Samaria. And in Samaria reigned Jeroboam, Solomon's serf; he made two golden calves and set them up, one at Bethel on the hill, and the other at Dan, saying, "Behold, your Gods, O Israel." And people worshiped, but God was forgotten. So in Jerusalem they began to forget God and worship Baal, that is, the God of war, in other words, Ares; and have forgotten the God of their fathers. And God began to send prophets to them. The prophets began to accuse them of iniquity and serving idols. They, being convicted, began to beat the prophets. God was angry with Israel and said: “I will reject from myself, I will call other people who will be obedient to me. Even if they sin, I will not remember their iniquity.” And he began to send prophets, saying to them: "Prophesy about the rejection of the Jews and about the calling of new nations."
Hosea was the first to prophesy: “I will put an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel. I will break the bow of Israel... I will no longer have mercy on the houses of Israel, but, brushing aside, I will reject them, says the Lord, and they will be wanderers among the nations.” Jeremiah said, "Though Moses and Samuel stand before me, I will not have mercy on them." And the same Jeremiah also said: “Thus says the Lord: Behold, I swore by my great name that my name would not be pronounced by the lips of the Jews.” Ezekiel said: “Thus says the Lord to Adonai: I will scatter you, and all your remnant I will scatter to all the winds ... Because they defiled my sanctuary with all your abominations; I will reject you...and I will not have mercy on you.” Malachi said: “Thus says the Lord: My favor is no longer with you ... For from the east to the west my name will be glorified among the nations, and in every place they will offer incense to my name and a pure sacrifice, because my name will be great among the nations. peoples. For this I will hand you over to be reviled and scattered among all peoples.” Isaiah the great said: “Thus says the Lord: I will stretch out my hand against you, I will rot and scatter you, and I will not gather you again.” And the same prophet also said: “I have hated your feasts and your new moons, and I do not accept your Sabbaths.” Amos the prophet said: "Hear the word of the Lord: I will raise a weeping for you, the house of Israel has fallen and will not rise again." Malachi said, "Thus says the Lord: I will put a curse on you and I will curse your blessing... I will destroy it and it will not be with you." And the prophets prophesied much about their rejection.
The same prophets were commanded by God to prophesy about the calling of other nations in their place. And Isaiah began to cry out, thus saying: “From me will come a law, and I will set my judgment into light for the nations. My truth is near and rising... and the peoples rely on my arm.” Jeremiah said, "Thus says the Lord: I will make a new covenant with the house of Judah... Giving them laws for their understanding, and I will write them on their hearts, and I will be their God, and they will be my people." Isaiah said, “The former is past, but the new I will announce; before the announcement, it was shown to you. Sing a new song to God." "My servants will be given a new name, which will be blessed throughout the earth." "My house shall be called the house of prayer of all nations." The same prophet Isaiah says: "The Lord will bare his holy arm before the eyes of all peoples, and all the ends of the earth will see the salvation of our God." David says, "Praise the Lord, all peoples; praise him, all people."
So God loved the new people and revealed to them that he would come down to them himself, appear as a man in the flesh, and redeem Adam's sin by suffering. And they began to prophesy about the incarnation of God, before the others David: “The Lord said to my Lord: Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet.” And again: “The Lord said to me: You are my son; I have now begotten you." Isaiah said, "Not an ambassador, not a messenger, but God himself, when he comes, will save us." And again: “A baby will be born to us, dominion is on his shoulders, and an angel of great light will call his name ... His power is great, and his world has no limit.” And again: “Behold, a virgin will conceive in her womb, and they will call her name Immanuel.” Micah said: “You, Bethlehem, the house of Ephrants, are you not great among the thousands of Judas? For out of you will come one who is to be ruler in Israel, and whose origin is from the days of eternity. Therefore he sets them up until the time when he brings forth those who give birth, and then the rest of their brethren shall return to the children of Israel.” Jeremiah said: “This is our God, and no one else can compare with him, He found all the ways of wisdom and gave it to his youth Jacob ... After that, he appeared on earth and lived among people.” And again: “He is a man; who will know that he is God? for he dies like a man.” Zechariah said: "They did not listen to my son, but I will not hear them, says the Lord." And Hosea said, "Thus says the Lord: My flesh is of them."
Short description TV shows
About great artists
Biblical story - a program about works of art in which biblical motifs are observed. During the Renaissance, most of the paintings were devoted to the Holy Scriptures, history and characters of the Eternal Book. Choosing a certain fragment, the artist wanted not only to show his vision of the plot, but also to understand it deeper, to study himself and the essence of man. Therefore, in the paintings of different masters, the same piece of history may look different. Nevertheless, it is from their canvases that we know the faces of many saints.
Parts of a whole
In the Bible story, each issue is dedicated to a certain person. The host Dmitry Mendeleev talks about the artist and his canvases, analyzes not only the aesthetic side of the work, but also its essence. We will learn about the fate of those who created the paintings hundreds of years ago, and about the works themselves that gained fame. One of the heroes of the program was Filippo Lippi. This Italian worked in the early Renaissance, in many ways contributed to the development of naturalism in Italian art. His “Madonna and Child with Two Angels” is well known.
Always up to date
Biblical motifs can be found in the work of masters of any era, from the Renaissance to the present. Everyone knows the story of the return of the prodigal son. Valery Bryusov, a Russian artist of the mid-19th century, also used it for his painting. He is considered the founder of symbolism in the visual arts. From the online Bible story program, we learn about his life and about the famous painting. There is something amazing in the fate of every creator.
