Along with the seasons, time of day, children should know such common natural phenomena as the sun, rain, thunderstorm, rainbow, wind, leaf fall and other weather phenomena that we encounter every day on the street.
It is better to demonstrate natural phenomena for children with pictures and poems, explain what time of the year this or that phenomenon occurs and how nature looks, for example, in summer after rain, when a rainbow appears or in winter, when snow falls on the trees.
Presentation for children: natural phenomena
Sun
The sun is bright Star, it appears every day in the morning during dawn, and disappears in the evening after sunset. In the sky, we see the sun in the form of a bright solar circle, you should not look for a long time, because your eyes will hurt. In winter, the sun almost does not heat, and in summer it becomes warm and even hot from its rays. The sun has a sister - the moon, which comes out only at night.
Moon
The moon is a satellite of the earth, as round as our planet, only much smaller. You can only see the moon at night when it gets completely dark. The moon is round - it is called the full moon, and it happens when it is not at all - the new moon. And it is in the period between the new moon and the full moon, the moon in the sky is in the form of a month. Along with the moon, stars are visible in the sky at night.
Clouds
During the day, clouds are clearly visible in the sky along with the sun. These are white steam-shaped molds that can take on various shapes in the form of animals, boats and horses, as you see. Clouds can be white or gray, in which case they are called clouds. When the cloud gets darker, water forms in it and it can rain and even a thunderstorm with thunder and lightning.
Rain
Rain pours down from the clouds as they darken and become dark and heavy and seem to hang over us. You can hide from the rain under any canopy and roof or under an umbrella. Depending on the strength and amount of water falling from the sky, rain can be a simple rain, mushroom, when the sun is shining and it is raining, a downpour, when the rain is pouring like a bucket, or maybe with thunder and lightning, such bad weather is called a thunderstorm.
Storm
During heavy rain, it happens that lightning flashes and then thunder rumbles. This natural phenomenon is called a thunderstorm. During a thunderstorm, lightning can flash many times and thunder rumbles. It is better to hide from a thunderstorm in a reliable shelter with a roof over your head, because during a thunderstorm the wind rises, and the rain is so strong that the umbrella becomes small, but in no case, do not hide under a lonely tree in the field, because lightning can get into it . There is a thunderstorm so strong that hail can fall from the sky along with raindrops.
hail
Sometimes, during a thunderstorm, hail falls from the sky along with raindrops. Hail is small pieces of ice, cold raindrops that have not had time to melt. It is necessary to hide from hail as well as from a thunderstorm in a reliable shelter with a roof over your head. As a rule, a thunderstorm does not last long and after the clouds quickly part and a rainbow may appear.
Rainbow
After a heavy rain or thunderstorm, sometimes you can observe such an unusual natural phenomenon as a rainbow. This is when bright sunlight breaks into several different colors. The rainbow looks like an arc in multi-colored colors. Here, red, and blue, and purple, and yellow are other colors. And then, when the water quickly evaporates in the sun, the rainbow also quickly disappears.
Wind
Sometimes you look out the window, and that trees are waving their branches. In fact, it is not the trees that wave their branches, but the wind that blows with such force that the branches with leaves bend in different directions. The wind can be light and warm, or it can be strong and cold. Protect yourself from such strong wind, for example, in the cold season in autumn and winter, you can use a scarf and a hat.
leaf fall
In autumn, trees prepare for winter and shed their leaves. But before that, the leaves are painted in amazingly beautiful yellow and red colors. Then the wind drops the leaves and in the forest, where there are many trees, there is a feeling of rain from yellow leaves. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.
Ice
Late in autumn, when it gets cold outside and the temperature drops below zero degrees, the water in the puddles freezes and ice forms. Ice also forms on ponds, lakes and rivers. The ice is flat and very slippery, so you need to walk in autumn and winter with caution, and in winter you can have fun skating on the ice. As soon as it becomes warmer and the temperature rises above zero degrees, the ice will melt and turn into water again.
Snow
In winter, it gets so cold that the water freezes and turns into ice, and in the sky, raindrops turn into snowflakes and fall to the ground in the form of white flakes. Unlike rain, snowflakes do not evaporate as quickly, because in winter it is cold and paths, trees and benches are covered with snow. When it’s not very cold, the snow is wet and it’s good to make a snowman out of it, and when it’s frosty, the snow becomes dry and not sticky and doesn’t mold well, but it’s easy to ski on it. In the spring it gets warmer and as soon as the temperature rises above zero degrees, the snow begins to melt and turns into water.
Ecology
In many cultures, there are legends and myths about the power of the rainbow, people dedicate works of art, music and poetry to it.
Psychologists say people admire it natural phenomenon because the rainbow is the promise of a bright, "rainbow" future.
Technically, a rainbow occurs when light passes through water droplets in the atmosphere, and the refraction of light leads to the familiar look of a curved arch of different colors that is familiar to all of us.
Here are these and others Interesting Facts about rainbow:
7 facts about the rainbow (with photo)
1. Rainbows are rarely seen at noon.
Most often, a rainbow occurs in the morning and evening. In order for a rainbow to form, sunlight must hit the raindrop at an angle of about 42 degrees. This is unlikely to happen when the Sun is higher than 42 degrees in the sky.
2. Rainbows also appear at night
Rainbows can also be seen after dark. This phenomenon is called a lunar rainbow. In this case, the rays of light are refracted by reflection from the Moon, and not directly from the Sun.
As a rule, it is less bright, since the brighter the light, the more colorful the rainbow.
3. Two people cannot see the same rainbow.
Light reflected from certain raindrops bounces off other drops from a completely different angle for each of us. This creates a different image of the rainbow.
Since two people cannot be in the same place, they cannot see the same rainbow. Moreover, even each of our eyes sees a different rainbow.
4. We can never reach the end of the rainbow
When we look at a rainbow, it seems as if it moves with us. This is because the light that forms it does so from a certain distance and angle for the observer. And this distance will always remain between us and the rainbow.
5. We can't see all the colors of the rainbow
Many of us from childhood remember a rhyme that allows you to remember the 7 classic colors of the rainbow (Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting).
Everyone is red
Hunter - orange
Wish - yellow
Know - green
Where - blue
Sitting - blue
Pheasant - purple
However, the rainbow is actually made up of over a million colors, including colors that the human eye cannot see.
6. Rainbow can be double, triple and even quadruple
We can see more than one rainbow if the light is reflected inside the droplet and separated into its constituent colors. A double rainbow appears when it happens inside the drop twice, a triple rainbow when it happens thrice, and so on.
With a quadruple rainbow, each time the beam is reflected, the light, and accordingly the rainbow, becomes paler and therefore the last two rainbows are very faintly visible.
To see such a rainbow, several factors need to coincide at once, namely a completely black cloud, and either a uniform distribution of raindrop sizes, or heavy rain.
7. You can make the rainbow disappear by yourself.
Using polarized sunglasses you can stop seeing the rainbow. This is because they are covered with a very thin layer of molecules that are arranged in vertical rows, and the light reflected from the water is polarized horizontally. This phenomenon can be seen in the video.
How to make a rainbow?
You can also make a real rainbow at home. There are several methods.
1. Method using a glass of water
Fill a glass with water and place it on a table in front of a window on a sunny day.
Place a piece of white paper on the floor.
Wet the window with hot water.
Adjust the glass and paper until you see a rainbow.
2. Method using a mirror
Place a mirror inside a glass filled with water.
The room should be dark and the walls white.
Shine a flashlight into the water, moving it until you see a rainbow.
3. CD method
Take a CD and wipe it clean so it doesn't get dusty.
Lay it on a flat surface, under a light, or in front of a window.
Look at the disk and enjoy the rainbow. You can spin the dial to see how the colors move.
4. Haze method
Use a water hose on a sunny day.
Close the opening of the hose with your finger, creating a haze
Point the hose towards the sun.
Look at the haze until you see a rainbow.
Many nations have a sign that seeing a rainbow is good luck and happiness. But few people know about the origins of this superstition, as well as its additional meanings.
In the article:
Sign if you see a rainbow
Signs about the rainbow almost always come down to the fact that it is a harbinger of happiness. In the Christian tradition, she was considered a manifestation of the real divine light, in many pagan beliefs also portends luck and happiness.
Most attention was paid to the rainbow in the Irish tradition. There, she was considered a path along which leprechauns run. And since these little creatures are very rich, having come to the place of the rainbow, one could find their treasures or the leprechaun himself. He was to be held and tortured until he gave out the location of the buried treasure. However, many Irish believed that it was better not to offend these creatures, since they could both give good luck and take it away.
A number of signs about the rainbow have a negative meaning. So, in the Scandinavian and Slavic pagan traditions, it was considered a bridge between the worlds of the living and the dead. Therefore, a rainbow falling on a house or village foreshadowed the imminent death of one of the residents. But the Scandinavians, unlike our ancestors, considered the rainbow as a direct bridge from Midgard, our world, to Asgard, the abode of the gods. Although she foreshadowed death, it meant that the deceased would go directly to the halls of Odin, which was the best fate that a Viking could dream of.
Folk signs about the rainbow and its varieties
Not always the rainbow after the rain is fully visible. It is especially difficult for city dwellers to see the whole arc. However, if you are lucky enough to see this phenomenon in its entirety, expect positive changes in life, great luck in all endeavors, which is more effective than any ritual or.
Much less often you can see a double and, even more so, a triple rainbow - when multi-colored arches are located one above the other. This sign foreshadowed great luck and the beginning of a long happy streak. And the one who can see seven rainbows at the same time will become the richest and happy man in the world.
On a full moon it is very rare to see moon rainbow. According to legend, a person who has seen such a phenomenon has a strong magical gift, and the very fact of observation will reward him with huge amounts of energy, which he can spend on any business.
The meaning of signs about the rainbow in spring and at other times of the year
Rainbow in April, our ancestors gave Special attention. It was believed that the first rainbow and thunderstorm are a sign of the final arrival of spring on earth. Moreover, these signs are often associated. So, the first thunder is the echoes of the battle between the light forces of spring and the dark messengers of winter. A rainbow after such a storm testifies to the victory of good over evil. If it is not visible after that, the bad weather will continue for some time.
A winter rainbow is a very rare occurrence and portends not only good luck, but also the onset of severe cold and snowstorms, which you can still survive. For the ancestors, every winter was a serious test, people were starving. In Siberia, it was believed that this phenomenon - sure sign the fact that Silver Hoof runs nearby - a magical deer, each step of which gives birth to new gems. Based on these legends, Bazhov's fairy tale of the same name was written.
The autumn rainbow suggests that the heat will linger for at least a few more weeks and portends not strong, but frequent, which among the Slavic peoples are diverse.
Other signs about the rainbow
There are many legends about this weather phenomenon. Ancestors often paid attention to the side of the world from which the rainbow appeared. If it was located in the east, it foreshadowed good weather, in the north or west - continued rains.
Separately, it should be noted the belief that the rainbow "drinks water." If she passed across the river, this meant that the weather would be clear, along - she drank a lot of river water, which should soon spill onto the ground again. In connection with this belief, it was believed that swimming, seeing a rainbow, is strictly prohibited - you can go with it to heaven. But to drink water from such a reservoir meant to protect oneself from ailments. First of all, women who gave birth to girls alone tried to do this - in ancient times this was considered a disease.
Look at the color of the rainbow. If red tones predominated in its spectrum, the weather will be dry and windy, green foreshadowed rain, and yellow - bright sun. Appearance and location in the sky also mattered. A low arch spoke of the coming rain, and a steep and high arch spoke of its end.
Signs about the weather and the rainbow have many scientific justifications, backed up by the experience and curiosity of the ancestors, so there is no reason not to trust them.
In contact with
Rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. Since time immemorial, man has thought about its nature and associated the appearance of a multi-colored arc in the sky with many beliefs and legends. People compared the rainbow either with a heavenly bridge from which gods or angels descended to earth, or with a road between heaven and earth, or with a gate to another other world.What is a rainbow
A rainbow is an atmospheric optical phenomenon that is observed when the Sun illuminates many water droplets during rain or fog, or after rain. As a result of the refraction of sunlight in drops of water during rain, a multi-colored arc appears in the sky.
A rainbow also appears in the reflected rays of the Sun from the water surface of sea bays, lakes, waterfalls or large rivers. Such a rainbow appears on the shore of reservoirs and looks extraordinarily beautiful.
Why is the rainbow multicolored
The arcs of the rainbow are multi-colored, but for them to appear, sunlight is needed. Sunlight appears white to us, but is actually made up of the colors of the spectrum. We are used to distinguishing seven colors in the rainbow - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, but since the spectrum is continuous, the colors smoothly transition into each other through many shades.
A multi-colored arc appears because a beam of light is refracted in water droplets, and then, returning to the observer at an angle of 42 degrees, it splits into its constituent parts from red to purple.
The brightness of the shades and the width of the rainbow depend on the size of the raindrops. The larger the drops, the narrower and brighter the rainbow, the more red saturated color it has. If there is a light rain, then the rainbow is wide, but with faded orange and yellow edges.
What is a rainbow
We most often see a rainbow in the form of an arc, but the arc is only part of the rainbow. The rainbow has the shape of a circle, but we see only half of the arc, because its center is on the same line with our eyes and the Sun. The whole rainbow can only be seen at high altitude, from an airplane or from a high mountain.
Double Rainbow
We already know that a rainbow in the sky appears from the fact that the rays of the sun penetrate through raindrops, refract and reflect on the other side of the sky in a multi-colored arc. And sometimes a sunbeam can build two, three, or even four rainbows in the sky at once. A double rainbow is obtained when a light beam reflects off the inner surface of raindrops twice.
The first rainbow, the inner one, is always brighter than the second, the outer one, and the colors of the arcs on the second rainbow are mirrored and less bright. The sky between rainbows is always darker than the rest of the sky. The area of sky between two rainbows is called Alexander's strip. Seeing a double rainbow is a good omen, it is good luck, fulfillment of desires. So if you are lucky enough to see a double rainbow, hurry up to make a wish and it will surely come true.
inverted rainbow
An inverted rainbow is a rare occurrence. It appears under certain conditions, when cirrus clouds consisting of ice crystals are located in a thin curtain at an altitude of 7-8 kilometers. Sunlight, falling at a certain angle on these crystals, is decomposed into a spectrum and reflected into the atmosphere. The colors in an inverted rainbow are reversed, with purple on top and red on the bottom.
misty rainbow
A foggy rainbow or white appears when the sun's rays illuminate a faint fog, consisting of very small droplets of water. Such a rainbow is an arc painted in very pale colors, and if the droplets are very small, then the rainbow is painted white. A foggy rainbow can also appear at night during fog, when the moon is bright in the sky. A hazy rainbow is a rather rare atmospheric phenomenon.
moon rainbow
Lunar rainbow or night rainbow appears at night and is generated by the Moon. The lunar rainbow is observed during the rain that is opposite the Moon, the lunar rainbow is especially clearly visible during the full moon, when the bright Moon is low in the dark sky. Also, the moon rainbow can be observed in areas where there are waterfalls.
fiery rainbow
A fiery rainbow is a rare optical atmospheric phenomenon. A fiery rainbow appears when sunlight passes through cirrus clouds at an angle of 58 degrees above the horizon. Another necessary condition for the appearance of a fiery rainbow is hexagonal ice crystals, which have the shape of a leaf and their faces must be parallel to the ground. The sun's rays, passing through the vertical faces of the ice crystal, are refracted and ignite a fiery rainbow or a rounded-horizontal arc, as a fiery rainbow is called in science.
winter rainbow
The winter rainbow is a very amazing phenomenon. Such a rainbow can only be observed in winter, during a severe frost, when the cold Sun shines in a pale blue sky, and the air is filled with small ice crystals. The sun's rays are refracted, passing through these crystals, as if through a prism and are reflected in the cold sky in a multi-colored arc.
Is there a rainbow without rain?
A rainbow can also be observed on a sunny clear day near waterfalls, fountains, in the garden when watering flowers from a hose, clamping the hole of the hose with your fingers, creating a mist of water and directing the hose towards the Sun.
How to remember the colors of the rainbow
If you can’t remember how the colors are arranged in the rainbow, the phrase known to everyone since childhood will help you: “ TO every ABOUT hotnik AND does Z nat G de WITH goes F azan.
There really is something about a rainbow that makes you feel a thrilling feeling. This is a wonderful sight - colored stripes stretching from edge to edge of the vast sky. Once upon a time people considered rainbows God's sign. No wonder. A rainbow appears out of nothing. And also mysteriously disappears into nowhere.
Components of a rainbow
These are water droplets in the air, the sun's rays and an observer who sees a rainbow. In this case, a whole ritual must be observed. Not only that the sun illuminated the rain. It should be low above the horizon. The observer must stand between the rain and the sun: with his back to the sun, facing the rain. At this moment, he sees a rainbow. How does it happen.
For a rainbow to appear, it must rain.
How a rainbow appears
A sunbeam illuminates a raindrop. Penetrating into the droplet, the beam is slightly refracted. Rays various colors refract in different ways, that is, inside the drop, a white beam breaks up into its constituent colors. After passing the drop, the light is reflected from its wall, as from a mirror. Reflected colored rays go in the opposite direction, being refracted even more strongly. The entire rainbow spectrum leaves the drop from the same side from which the sunbeam entered it. Light from the sun entered the drop from the side of the observer. Now this ray, decomposed into a color spectrum, returns to it. A person sees a huge colored rainbow spread all over sky, light, refracted and reflected by billions of raindrops.
Related materials:
Why do people have two eyes
It is very rare to see two rainbows in the sky at the same time: behind the usual rainbow, you can see another one. As a rule, the second rainbow is less visible, sometimes even barely noticeable. The colors of this second rainbow are reversed, meaning purple comes first. Its appearance is explained by the repeated reflection of light rays inside the drop.
