Home Mystic The main forms of falsification of national history of the twentieth century. Falsification of history is an effective weapon of the information war against Russia

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The main forms of falsification of national history of the twentieth century. Falsification of history is an effective weapon of the information war against Russia

The lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification

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ABSTRACT

on the course "History of Russia"

on the topic: "The lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification"

1 Key Lessons of World War II

The events of the Second World War are increasingly receding in time. However, millions of people do not stop thinking about the reasons that gave rise to this war, its results and lessons. Many of these lessons are still relevant today.

The Great Patriotic War is one of the most tragic pages in the history of our country. The Soviet people and their Armed Forces had to experience many hardships and hardships. But the four-year fierce struggle against the fascist invaders was crowned with our complete victory over the forces of the Wehrmacht. The experience and lessons of this war are of great importance for the living generation.

One of the main lessons is that the war danger must be fought before the war has begun. Moreover, it should be carried out by the collective efforts of peace-loving states, peoples, all those who value peace and freedom.

Second World War was not fatal. It could have been prevented if the Western countries had not made fatal political mistakes and strategic miscalculations.

Of course, the direct culprit of the war is German fascism. It is on him that the entire responsibility for its unleashing is on him. However, the Western countries, with their short-sighted policy of appeasement, their desire to isolate the Soviet Union and direct expansion to the East, created the conditions under which war became a reality.

The Soviet Union, for its part, in the troubled pre-war years, made a lot of efforts to consolidate the forces opposing aggression. However, the proposals put forward by the USSR constantly ran into obstacles from the Western powers, their stubborn unwillingness to cooperate. In addition, Western countries sought to stay away from the military confrontation between Nazi Germany and the USSR.

Only after the aggressor seized almost all of Western Europe did Soviet diplomacy manage to prevent the formation of a single bloc of states hostile to the USSR and to avoid a war on two fronts. This was one of the prerequisites for the emergence of the anti-Hitler coalition and, ultimately, the defeat of the aggressor.

Another important lesson of the Great Patriotic War is that military cooperation should be carried out not only taking into account the economic capabilities of the country, but also a real assessment of the existing military threats. The solution of the question of what kind of war the Armed Forces should be prepared for and what defense tasks they will have to solve depends on this.

When planning military construction, it is important to take into account all the factors that ensure the country's security: political and diplomatic, economic, ideological, informational and defense.

In the prewar years, many military theoretical developments remained unrealized. But our country is the birthplace of operational military art, and it was in those years that the development of the theory of deep operation was completed. The same can be said about weapons: there were a lot of new developments, but the troops did not have them in the required quantity.

This shortcoming is partly manifested at the present time in the Russian army. So, if seven previously unknown types of weapons were used in World War II, twenty-five in the Korean War (1950-1953), thirty in four Arab-Israeli military conflicts, and about a hundred in the Persian Gulf War. Therefore, the need to improve the products of the military-industrial complex of the state is obvious.

The next lesson has not lost its relevance - the Armed Forces can count on success if they skillfully master all forms of military operations. It must be admitted that in the prewar period mistakes were made in the theoretical development of a number of important problems, which had a negative impact on the practice of combat training of troops. Thus, in the military theory of that period, the main mode of action of the Armed Forces in a future war was considered a strategic offensive, while the role of defense remained downplayed. As a result, the unreasonable desire of the Soviet military command to conduct military operations mainly by an offensive and on foreign territory was manifested, and our troops were trained accordingly.

After the war, in the conditions of global confrontation, there was no other alternative than to prepare for a world war using all available forces and means. Now with the end cold war» The primary task is to prepare for local wars and armed conflicts, mastering the methods of conducting combat operations, taking into account their specifics, based on the experience of Afghanistan, Chechnya, the war in the Persian Gulf, etc., as well as the fight against terrorism.

At the same time, according to some military leaders, it would be a big mistake to exclude the possibility of a large-scale war in Russia, which could erupt as a result of the escalation of small conflicts and a regional war. With this in mind, it is necessary not to relax attention to the mobilization, operational and combat training of troops, to comprehensively train the personnel of the army and navy. Events in various regions of the world confirm that the main emphasis in combat training should be placed on training in combat operations under the conditions of the use of conventional, long-range, high-precision weapons, but with the continuing threat of the use of nuclear weapons. The latter is becoming the property of an increasing number of states, including countries with extremist-minded political regimes.

The most important lesson of the beginning of the war is a thorough analysis of various options for the actions of a potential enemy and flexible planning of the use of forces and means, and most importantly, the adoption of all necessary measures to maintain the Armed Forces in a sufficient degree of combat readiness.

As is known, during the last war, measures to transfer troops to martial law were carried out with a great delay. As a result, our troops found themselves in a state of “relative combat readiness” with a shortage of up to 40-60 percent in terms of personnel, which did not allow us to complete not only the strategic, but also the operational deployment of groups in the composition provided for by the mobplan.

The strategic deployment of Germany's shock groupings was significantly ahead of the deployment of the Red Army troops in the border districts. The balance of forces and means, as well as the number of formations of the first echelons of the opposing sides, gave more than a twofold advantage in favor of Germany, which allowed her to deliver the first powerful blow.

The lesson of the last war is that it is not the side that strikes first and achieves decisive successes at the very beginning of hostilities that wins, but the one that has more moral and material strength, which skillfully uses them and is able to turn the potential for victory into real reality. Our victory was not historically preordained, as has been emphasized in the past. It was conquered in a stubborn struggle, at the cost of enormous exertion of all the forces of the state, its people and army.

Not a single state of the anti-Hitler coalition carried out such a mobilization of human and material resources as the Soviet Union during the war years, no one endured such trials as befell the Soviet people and their Armed Forces.

Only in the first 8 months of the war, about 11 million people were mobilized, of which more than 9 million were sent to staff both newly created and existing combat units. The war absorbed so many reserves that in a year and a half the rifle troops in the army in the field renewed their composition three times.

During the four years of the war, 29575 thousand people were mobilized (minus the re-conscripted 2237.3 thousand people), and in total, together with the personnel who were in the Red Army and the Navy on June 22, 1941, they joined the army system ( during the war years) 34476 thousand people, which amounted to 17.5% of the total population of the country.

The hardest trials that befell the peoples of the Soviet Union during the war years make it possible to draw another extremely important lesson: when the people and the army are united, the army is invincible. In these harsh years, the Armed Forces of the country were connected by thousands of invisible threads

with the people who helped them both with the necessary material means and spiritual forces, maintaining a high morale, confidence in victory. This is confirmed by mass heroism, courage, unbending will to defeat the enemy.

The heroic traditions of the great historical past of our people have become an example of high patriotism and national self-consciousness of our citizens. In the first three days of the war in Moscow alone, they received more than 70,000 applications with a request to be sent to the front. In the summer and autumn of 1941, about 60 divisions and 200 separate regiments of the people's militia were created. Their number was about 2 million people. The whole country, in a single patriotic impulse, stood up to defend its independence.

The defense of the Brest Fortress in the first days of the war is a symbol of steadfastness, inflexibility, courage and heroism of soldiers. Entire formations and units, companies and battalions covered themselves with unfading glory.

The courage and heroism of the Soviet soldiers were recognized even by our opponents. So, the former Hitlerite General Blumentritt, who fought against Russia in the rank of lieutenant in the First World War, said in an interview with the English military historian Hart: “Already the battles of June 1941 showed us what the new Soviet army is like. We lost up to 50% of our personnel in battles. The Fuhrer and most of our command had no idea about this. It caused a lot of trouble." On the eighth day of the war, another German general, Chief of the General Staff of the Wehrmacht Ground Forces Gelder, wrote in his diary: “Information from the front confirms that the Russians are fighting everywhere to the last man ...”

Love for the Motherland and hatred for its enemies cemented the front and rear, made the country a powerful fortress, and became the most important factor in achieving victory.

2. Exposing the falsification of the history of the war

During the Second World War, a fierce struggle was waged not only on the battlefields, but also in the spiritual sphere, for the minds and hearts of millions of people all over the planet. The ideological struggle was waged on the most diverse issues of politics, international relations, the course and outcome of the war, while pursuing fundamentally different goals.

If the fascist leadership openly called on its people to enslave other peoples, to world domination, then the Soviet leadership always advocated a just liberation struggle and the defense of the Fatherland.

Already in the course of the war, politicians and historians appeared who propagated myths about the “preventive nature” of the war of fascist Germany against the USSR, about the “accidental defeat” of the fascist German troops in major battles on the Soviet-German front, etc.

The victory in the war promoted the Soviet Union to the ranks of the world's leading powers and contributed to the growth of its authority and prestige in the international arena. This was in no way part of the plans of the reactionary international forces, aroused in them frank anger and hatred, which led to the Cold War, to fierce ideological attacks against the USSR.

Throughout the entire post-war period, the events of the Great Patriotic War were one of the main areas of acute ideological confrontation between Western ideological centers and the Soviet Union.

The most important issues of the war became the main object of attack - the history of the pre-war period, the military art of the Red Army command, the role and significance of various fronts, Soviet losses in the war, the cost of victory, etc.

Falsified concepts, views on these and other issues were distributed in millions of copies of books, articles, were reflected in television and radio programs, in works of cinema. The purpose of all this is to hide the real reasons why the Second World War was generated by the capitalist system itself; make the Soviet Union, along with Germany, responsible for starting the war; belittle the contribution of the USSR and its Armed Forces to the defeat of the fascist bloc and at the same time exalt the role of the Western allies in the anti-Hitler coalition in achieving victory.

Here are some of the methods used by falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War.

Convincing documents and facts about the preparation by the Soviet Union of an attack on Germany are not given by these authors, because they do not exist in reality. As a result, speculative schemes are being concocted and there are talks about the readiness of the USSR to deliver a "preemptive strike" and other fabrications in the same spirit.

Another method by which Western falsifiers also try to justify the preparation of the USSR for an "offensive preventive war" against Germany is the arbitrary interpretation of Stalin's speech to the graduates of the military academies of the Red Army on May 5, 1941, which is called "aggressive", "calling for war with Germany". ". This version is actively promoted by a number of Russian historians.

The categorical and far-fetched nature of these conclusions is obvious. The facts show that in 1941 neither Hitler nor the command of the Wehrmacht had reason to think that the USSR could attack Germany. Berlin received no information about the aggressive plans of the Soviet Union. On the contrary, German diplomats and German intelligence constantly reported on the desire of the USSR to maintain peace with Germany, to prevent serious conflict situations in relations with this country, and about the readiness of our state to make certain economic concessions for this. The USSR sent industrial and agricultural goods to Germany until the very last moment.

The falsifiers are making great efforts to underestimate the losses of the German side and exaggerate the losses of the Red Army in some major battles, thereby trying to belittle the significance of the latter. Thus, the German historian K. G. Frieser, referring to the data of the German archives, claims that during the tank battle near Prokhorovka on July 12, 1943, the losses of the German side were reduced to only 5 tanks. Another 38 tanks and 12 assault guns were damaged.

However, according to the Russian military archives, it follows that the German side lost from 300 to 400 tanks and assault guns irretrievably. At the same time, the Soviet 5th Guards TA, which took the main part in the battle of Prokhorov, suffered heavy losses - about 350 tanks and self-propelled guns. It turned out that the German historian cited data on the losses of only the 2nd SS Panzer Corps, keeping silent about the losses of the 48th and 3rd German Panzer Corps, which also took part in the battle.

Not only individual researchers, but also serious state organizations act in a similar way. For example, in 1991, the United States created the National Committee to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Victory in World War II. Soon this organization published a colorful anniversary booklet prepared with the participation of historians in a huge edition. It opens with Chronicle major events Second World War". And in this very detailed list, not one of the major battles, not one of the operations won or carried out by the Soviet troops against the Nazi invaders, is named. As if there were no Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk and other battles, after which the Nazi army suffered irreparable losses and finally lost its strategic initiative.

In the post-war years, in the conditions of the Cold War, a huge amount of historical literature was published in the West, in which the true events of the Second World War were distorted and the role of the USSR in defeating the fascist aggressors was in every possible way belittled. This method of falsification is used to this day, although during the war our Western allies more objectively assessed the leading role of the USSR in the fight against a common enemy.

The Patriotic War was Great both in its scope and in terms of the forces and means involved in the Soviet-German front. The total number of personnel on both sides in the active army alone reached 12 million people.

At the same time, in different periods, from 800 to 900 settlement divisions operated on a front from 3 to 6.2 thousand km, which chained the overwhelming majority of the armed forces of Germany, its allies and the Soviet Union, thereby exerting a decisive influence on the situation on other fronts of World War II .

US President F. Roosevelt noted that "... the Russians kill more enemy soldiers and destroy more of his weapons than all the other 25 states of the United Nations combined."

From the rostrum of the House of Commons, W. Churchill declared on August 2, 1944, that "it was the Russian army that let the guts out of the German military machine."

In those years there were many such assessments. And there is nothing surprising in this. It was very difficult not to see the obvious truth: the decisive contribution of the Soviet Union to the Victory, its outstanding role in saving world civilization from the Nazi plague seemed indisputable. But soon after the defeat of fascism, the recent allies of the USSR began to speak differently, high assessments of the role of our country in the war were forgotten, and judgments of a completely different kind appeared.

With particular persistence in post-war historiography, the idea was pursued that the most important battles of the Second World War did not take place on the Soviet-German front and the outcome of the armed confrontation between the two coalitions was decided not on land, but mainly at sea and in the airspace, where the armed forces of the United States and Britain carried out intense fighting. The authors of these publications argue that the United States was the leading force in the anti-Hitler coalition, since it had the most powerful armed forces among the capitalist countries.

Similar views on the role of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition in achieving victory over fascism can be traced, for example, in the 85-volume "History of the Second World War", prepared by the historical section of the British Cabinet, the 25-volume American "Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Second World War" and many other publications.

Our people appreciate the great contribution to the victory over fascism of the peoples of the USA, Great Britain, France, China and other countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. But it was on the Soviet-German front that the main battles of World War II took place, and the main forces of the Nazi Wehrmacht were concentrated here. So, from June 1941 until the opening of the second front on June 6, 1944, 92-95% of the ground forces of Nazi Germany and its satellites fought on the Soviet-German front, and then - from 74 to 65%.

The Soviet Armed Forces defeated 507 Nazi divisions and 100 divisions of its allies, almost 3.5 times more than on all other fronts of World War II.

On the Soviet-German front, the enemy suffered three-quarters of its casualties. The damage to the personnel of the fascist army inflicted by the Red Army was 4 times greater than in the Western European and Mediterranean theaters of operations taken together, and in terms of the number of killed and wounded - 6 times. The main part of the Wehrmacht military equipment was also destroyed here: over 70 thousand (more than 75%) aircraft, about 50 thousand (up to 75%) tanks and assault guns, 167 thousand (74%) artillery pieces, more than 2.5 thousand warships, transports and auxiliary vessels.

The opening of the second front also did not change the significance of the Soviet-German front as the main one in the war. So, in June 1944, 181.5 German and 58 divisions of Germany's allies acted against the Red Army. The American and British troops were opposed by 81.5 German divisions. So all objective facts testify that the Soviet Union made a decisive contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies.

When evaluating the results of the Great Patriotic War, Western historians pay especially close attention to the question of the cost of victory, of our sacrifices during the war. Because of our heavy losses, the significance of the victory achieved is called into question.

It is known that the total losses of the USSR in the war amount to 26.5 million people, of which 18 million are civilians who died as a result of fascist atrocities in the occupied territory. The total irretrievable losses (killed, missing, taken prisoner and never returned from it, died from wounds, diseases and as a result of accidents) of the Soviet Armed Forces, together with the border and internal troops, amounted to 8 million 668 thousand 400 people.

In total, the irretrievable losses of the Soviet Armed Forces by 1 - 1.5 million people. exceed the corresponding German losses. But this is due to the fact that 4.5 million Soviet prisoners of war were in Nazi captivity, and only 2 million people returned to the USSR after the war. The rest died as a result of fascist atrocities. In Soviet captivity, out of 3.8 million German prisoners of war, 450 thousand people died.

2. The main lessons of the war and modernity. It has already been 55 years since the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War.

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2. Exposing the falsification of the history of the war

The victory in the war promoted the Soviet Union to the ranks of the world's leading powers and contributed to the growth of its authority and prestige in the international arena. This was in no way part of the plans of the reactionary international forces, it aroused in them frank anger and hatred, which led to the Cold War, to fierce ideological attacks against the USSR.

Throughout the entire post-war period, the events of the Great Patriotic War were one of the main areas of acute ideological confrontation between Western ideological centers and the Soviet Union.

Here are some of the methods used by falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War.

Throughout the entire post-war period, including the last decade, some Western historians (F. Fabry, D. Irving) spread versions that the USSR in 1941 wanted to be the first to start a war against Germany. The myth about Moscow's readiness to unleash a preventive war against Germany is also present in the books of Russian-speaking historians V. Suvorov (Rezun), B. Sokolov and others. They even refer to the resolution allegedly imposed by the then First Deputy Chief of the General Staff N.F. Vatutin to the plan for strategic deployment in the West, adopted in March 1941: "The offensive will begin on 12.6". However, it is known that a decision of this kind is made by the political leadership of the state, and not by the General Staff.

Not only individual researchers, but also serious state organizations act in a similar way. For example, in 1991, the United States created the National Committee to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Victory in World War II. Soon this organization published a colorful anniversary booklet prepared with the participation of historians in a huge edition. It opens with a "Chronicle of the most important events of the Second World War". And in this very detailed list, not one of the major battles, not one of the operations won or carried out by the Soviet troops against the Nazi invaders, is named. As if there were no Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk and other battles, after which the Nazi army suffered irreparable losses and finally lost its strategic initiative.

US President F. Roosevelt noted that "... the Russians kill more enemy soldiers and destroy more of his weapons than all the other 25 states of the United Nations combined."

From the rostrum of the House of Commons, W. Churchill declared on August 2, 1944, that "it was the Russian army that let the guts out of the German military machine."

The Soviet Armed Forces defeated 507 Nazi divisions and 100 divisions of its allies, almost 3.5 times more than on all other fronts of World War II.

The losses of the fascist bloc amounted to 9.3 million people. (7.4 million people were lost by fascist Germany, 1.2 million by its satellites in Europe, 0.7 million by Japan in the Manchurian operation), not counting the losses of auxiliary units from among the foreign formations that fought on the side of the fascists (according to some data - up to 500 - 600 thousand people).

Attempts to present the losses of the aggressor as less than they actually were, distort the historical truth, testify to the bias of those who seek to deliberately belittle the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

Literature

1. History of the Second World War 1939 - 1945. In 12 volumes. T. 12. M., - 1982. p. 13 - 21, 33 - 37.

2. G. Kumanev. Our contribution to the victory over fascism: truth and fiction. //Reference point. - 2006. - No. 7.

3. G. Kumanev. Feat and forgery: pages of the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945. M., - 2007 - p. 336 - 351.

The end of the battle for the Caucasus. “For outstanding services to the Motherland, mass heroism, courage and steadfastness shown by the workers of Novorossiysk and the soldiers of the army, navy and aviation during the Great Patriotic War, as well as in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops in the defense of the North Caucasus to the city of Novorossiysk on September 14, 1973 was awarded the honorary title of "Hero City" with...

There are no changes, it is correct to evaluate it and draw the necessary practical conclusions from this to increase the vigilance and combat readiness of the Russian Armed Forces. Fourth, the most important lesson of the Great Patriotic War is the need for high vigilance against manifestations of fascism and its varieties. The relevance of this lesson is undeniable. Despite the complete defeat of fascism in World War II, ...

The lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification

The main lessons of the Second World War, their relevance today

The results of the Second World War led the peoples of the world to realize the danger posed by wars, especially world wars, to the understanding that they should be excluded from the life of society.

What are the main lessons of the Second World War and its constituent part - the Great Patriotic War?

The first and most important of them is that Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved only thanks to the spiritual strength and stamina of the Soviet people and army. The faith of the people in their Fatherland, in the just nature of the war was an important factor that made it possible to defeat fascism.

Deep patriotism has always been and remains a hallmark of the Russian people. It manifested itself especially brightly during the Great Patriotic War, became the basis of the spiritual and moral superiority of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany.

Patriotism was a powerful source of mass heroism, unprecedented stamina, courage and selflessness, selfless devotion to the Motherland of Soviet people at the front and in the rear, labor exploits of workers, peasants and intelligentsia.

Having lost patriotism as a fundamental, basic component in the system of spiritual values traditional for Russia and the national pride and dignity associated with it, we will lose the most powerful incentive to defend the Fatherland, we will lose the ability to achieve great things.

The second important lesson of the war is that successes at the front and in the rear were possible only thanks to the cohesion of society, the unity of the people and the army. The Great Patriotic War is rightfully called a truly national, Patriotic War.

The main thing that united and inspired people was the need to protect and save the Fatherland. Thanks to the policy of internationalism during the war years, all the peoples of the Soviet Union came out against the enemy as a united front. This allowed the country to withstand and defeat a strong and insidious aggressor.

Today, the relevance of this lesson is undeniable. He recalls that the friendship and mutual assistance of peoples is the source of their strength and well-being. For example, the current political situation in the world urgently requires, within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States, to actively and effectively carry out deep integration of the participating countries in all areas, including defense. We are talking about looking for and finding worthy answers to common threats and challenges in close cooperation. This is the only way to achieve lasting collective security for the Commonwealth.

The third lesson of the war is that the issues of strengthening the country's defense, increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces must constantly be in the center of attention of the state leadership.

Turning back to the times of the Second World War is a good opportunity to remember that in order to repel any possible aggression and reliably ensure the country's security, a powerful and combat-ready army and navy are required.

With the end of the Cold War, the tense confrontation between the two most powerful military-political blocs, led by the USSR and the USA, ceased. However, this does not mean that the military danger, especially the danger of local military conflicts, has disappeared for Russia, the legal successor of the Soviet Union.

In order to resist it, it is necessary to carefully and deeply analyze the situation in the world and the changes taking place in it, to foresee the nature of a possible war, its possible scale and duration. To unravel the intentions of a potential adversary, a thorough analysis and evaluation of various options for his actions is necessary. The ability to draw correct conclusions from this will increase the combat readiness of the Armed Forces.

As is known, the underestimation of the role of strategic defense in the military theory of the USSR, the focus on defeating the enemy on its territory and "little bloodshed" in the prewar period led to tragic consequences on initial stage Great Patriotic War.

Assessing him Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov noted: “During the reworking of operational plans in the spring of 1941, the features of conducting a modern war in its initial period were practically not fully taken into account. The People's Commissar of Defense and the General Staff believed that the war between such major powers as Germany and the Soviet Union should begin according to the previously existing scheme: the main forces enter the battle a few days after the border battles. Fascist Germany was placed on the same terms with us as regards the terms of concentration and deployment. In fact, both the forces and the conditions were far from being equal.

Only the high level of military art of the commanders of the Red Army, the good training of domestic military personnel made it possible, at the cost of the greatest losses in four years, to correct the miscalculations made in the first days and months of the war.

The conclusion from this experience is obvious: in matters of military construction, it is necessary to proceed from a real assessment of the military threats existing in the world. It depends on what kind of war the Armed Forces should be prepared for and what tasks they will have to solve.

The fourth lesson of the Second World War clearly speaks of the need to prevent the slightest manifestation of the ideology of fascism and its varieties in society.
The lessons of the past teach: when fascism acquires a state base for its existence, when a powerful military machine is in its hands, the fascist government and its leaders begin to pose a mortal threat to the existence of the rest of mankind.

Unfortunately, despite the complete defeat of fascism in World War II and the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal, half a century later, neo-fascist and extremist groups and organizations revived in a number of states, primarily in the Baltic states. And although their numbers are small, as a rule, they are associated with powerful circles in politics and economics, they are trying to actively introduce fascist ideology into the minds of people, especially young people. The manifestations of modern fascism should be counteracted primarily by criminal law measures, as well as measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to the implementation of extremist activity.

The fifth lesson from the experience of the Second World War is that only the collective efforts of states and peoples, the efforts of international organizations, can prevent an impending war. The disunity of the peace-loving forces in the West as a whole and in Germany itself in the mid-1930s allowed the Nazis to unleash a war.

In order to prevent this, the powers must be responsible for the choice of tactical and strategic allies in resolving issues of the military security of the country, the region and the world as a whole.

The Second World War showed that the policy of states or their coalition can be successful only when it is based on the mutual trust of allies, based on a combination of economic, socio-political, ideological and defense factors.

The sixth lesson of the Second World War: the victory over fascism was achieved thanks to the powerful economic base of the states - members of the anti-Hitler coalition.

For example, the Soviet economy, later strengthened by Lend-Lease supplies, successfully provided the Soviet-German front with everything necessary throughout the war.

The conclusion that victory in any war, ensuring national security and defense of the state is possible only with a powerful economy and a powerful military-industrial complex, is still relevant today.

The lessons of the Second World War not only have not lost their relevance decades after its end, but have also acquired great significance. Today they are guiding mankind towards the search for agreement in the name of common goals, towards achieving unity and cohesion, political and economic stability in the world.

Falsification of the history of the Great Patriotic War

Throughout the post-war period, the events and results of the Great Patriotic War were repeatedly subjected to various “revisions” and revisions by the political and military leaders of a number of foreign states, former German military leaders, etc. The theme of the results of World War II is still the subject of acute ideological, scientific, informational and psychological confrontation in domestic and world historiography. In this dispute, distortions, bias in the assessment of events, and sometimes lies are often allowed.

The main stumbling block was the following points: the history of the pre-war period in the world, the military art of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, the role and significance of the Soviet-German and other fronts of World War II, the losses in the war of various sides, and others.

Pseudo-scientific and pseudo-historical concepts, views on these and other issues throughout the entire post-war period were replicated in thousands of books, articles, were reflected in television programs and films. Now similar interpretations stories that are far from the truth can be found in large numbers on the global information network Internet.

Their goal is obvious: to shield the true culprits of the war, to belittle the contribution of the USSR and its Armed Forces to the defeat of the fascist bloc, to denigrate the liberation mission of the Red Army, to cast doubt on the geopolitical results of World War II.

Unfortunately, a wave of "new interpretations" of the past has swept through public consciousness in Russia itself. Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, a part of the Russian scientific, journalistic and writers' community has been involved in the process of rewriting history. At the same time, the main blow is dealt to the minds of young people, and distorted views on the events of the Great Patriotic War have penetrated, sadly, even into school textbooks stories.

What are the main areas of falsification of the history and results of the Great Patriotic War can be identified?

The first direction is a deliberate underestimation of the role and significance of the Soviet-German front in World War II and the contribution of the USSR to the Victory.

Adherents of this theory admit that the Soviet Union took on a heavy burden in the war and played a significant role in the defeat of Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan. But at the same time, they argue that he was not the main "architect of the Victory" and the laurels of glory should go to the United States and England, who supposedly made the greatest contribution to achieving victory.

Justifying this concept, some American historians insist that the war became a world war only from the moment the United States entered it, that is, from December 7, 1941, and this turned out to be a decisive factor that changed the course of World War II. The American military historian Colonel E. Dupuy (Trevor Nevitt Dupuy, 1916 - 1995) begins his book on the war with the events at Pearl Harbor and does not hide the fact that his goal is that "the reader ... appreciate the decisive role of the United States in victory of the free world over the forces of totalitarianism.

To prove the decisive role of the United States in the victory over the "axis" countries, the so-called "arsenal of democracy" theory was invented. According to her, such an arsenal was the American military economy, the industrial potential of the United States, which served as a supplier of a huge amount of weapons and military equipment for all countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. However, the widespread version that the victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany was largely determined by US lend-lease supplies is clearly exaggerated. Everyone knows that during the war years such supplies amounted to only about 4% of the military production of the USSR. In addition, deliveries were carried out irregularly, with long interruptions.

In addition, as English historians D. Barber and M. Garrison rightly noted, Lend-Lease “... was never an act of charity ... While Germany controlled the continent from the English Channel to Central Russia, the Russians remained the only who fought directly against the German ground forces, and it was in the Western Allies' own interest to assist them."

Already during the war years and immediately after it, American historians considered the events on the Soviet-German front, without touching on the question of their influence on the overall course of hostilities. At the same time, the results of the combat operations of the American-British troops in various theaters of military operations (in the Pacific Ocean, North Africa, Italy, France) were exaggerated in every possible way.

For example, the American historian X. Baldwin believes that 11 battles (“great campaigns”) decided the outcome of World War II. He refers to them the battle in Poland in 1939, the battle for Britain in 1940, the landing on the island of Crete in 1941, the battle for the island of Corregidor in 1942, the battle for Tarawa in 1943, the landings in Sicily and Normandy in 1943-1944 years, the naval battle in Leyte Gulf in 1944, the Ardennes and Okinawa in 1945. Of the battles won by the Red Army, he names only the Battle of Stalingrad.

The developers of the "concept of decisive battles" do not mention Moscow, Kursk and other great battles of the Soviet troops at all.

A variation on the "decisive battle" theory is the "turning point" theory, which aims to prove the decisive role of the US military in bringing about a turning point in World War II.

For example, the American historian T. Carmichael believes that a radical turning point in the war occurred in late 1942 - early 1943, including El Alamein, Tunisia, Stalingrad and the naval battle in the Barents Sea among such "turning points". At the same time, the landing of a reinforced division of the American Marine Corps on the island of Guadalcanal in August 1942 is referred to as the "start of the counteroffensive in the Pacific", although in strategic terms it was of particular importance.

There are other options for the number and names of both "decisive battles" and "turning points", but the naval battle of Midway Island in June 1942 stands out as "one of the truly decisive events of the war", as a result of which the Japanese fleet was defeated, but its superiority in the Pacific was not eliminated. The battle itself also did not have a serious impact on the overall course of the Second World War.

In any case, and this is the essence of the theory, when the vast majority of "decisive battles" and "turning points" are attributed to those fronts where the fighting was conducted by the Anglo-American troops.

The distortion of the role of the Soviet Union in World War II is closely connected with the tendentious definition of the sources and preconditions for the victory of the Soviet Union over the fascist-militarist bloc. Their scientific analysis often replaced by fictions that hide the true reasons for the success of the Red Army.

So, a number of German historians are trying to substantiate the version that the Soviet Union was completely unprepared to repel fascist aggression, and its victories over Germany are explained by “military happiness”. To explain the reasons for the defeat of the Wehrmacht, they even developed a special theory of "accidents". As a rule, they include among such accidents the unfavorable weather and climatic conditions of the Soviet Union for the Nazi troops, the large extent of its territory, miscalculations and mistakes of Hitler as a political and military leader.

Attempts are also being made to belittle the level of Soviet military art and the spiritual and moral potential of the peoples of the USSR, mass heroism, exceptional stamina, courage and courage of Soviet soldiers in the fight against the enemy are denied.

All these false theories are baseless. The truth is that the main burden of the armed struggle in World War II fell on the Soviet Union, and the Soviet-German front was the main, decisive one in it. It was on this front that the main battles of the Great Patriotic War took place, it was this front that, in terms of the number of forces involved, the duration and intensity of the armed struggle, its spatial scope and end results has no equal.

The number of losses of the Soviet Union in the war and the cost of victory are the second most important controversial point in the interpretation of the history of the Second World War.

So, due to the large human and material losses of the USSR, some historians generally question the significance of the Victory he achieved.

Under the pretext of establishing the truth, other authors name their unsubstantiated figures of human losses and try to present the losses of the aggressor as less than they actually were. In this way, they distort historical truth, they seek to deliberately belittle the feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

Meanwhile, the rechecking of statistical data, carried out in 1988 - 1993 by the commission of the USSR Ministry of Defense, headed by Colonel General G.F. Krivoshee, and data published in the latest unique reference publication “The Great Patriotic War without a secrecy stamp. The Book of Losses / G.F. Krivosheee, V.M. Andronikov, P.D. Burikov. - M.: Veche, 2009., confirm the previously obtained research results.

The losses of both military personnel and the civilian population of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, determined by accounting, statistical and balance methods, ultimately amount to 26.6 million people. Irreversible demographic losses of the Armed Forces of the USSR (killed, died from wounds and diseases, died as a result of accidents, shot by military tribunals, did not return from captivity), recorded by the headquarters of all instances and military medical institutions during the years of the Great Patriotic War (including campaign in the Far East), amounted to 8 million 668 thousand 400 military personnel on the payroll.

These sacrifices were not in vain. This is a forced payment for the most precious thing - the freedom and independence of the Motherland, the salvation of many countries from enslavement, a sacrifice in the name of establishing peace on Earth.

The controversy surrounding the version of the "preventive" nature of Germany's war against the USSR does not subside.

The essence of this version lies in the fact that in 1941 the Soviet Union allegedly concentrated a powerful grouping of its troops on the western border and prepared the Red Army's invasion of Europe through Germany. Thus, he, they say, provoked a preemptive strike by Hitler, who, in order to "protect himself and other Western countries," was forced to start a preventive war against the USSR.

This version of the beginning of the war was first heard on June 22, 1941, in a statement by the German ambassador to the USSR, Count Friedrich-Werner von der Schullenburg, handed over to the Soviet government, and in a memorandum handed over by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop on the same day to Soviet Ambassador V.G. Dekanozov in Berlin after the invasion.

In addition, the version of the “preventive nature” of the war of Nazi Germany against the USSR was intensively promoted by many Nazi generals in their memoirs dedicated to World War II.

It should be emphasized that these statements are far from the truth and do not reflect the objective reality. The course of events of that time, historical facts and documents completely refute the judgments about the allegedly forced invasion of the Germans into the territory of the Soviet Union.

The myth of the "preemptive attack" was exposed at the Nuremberg Trials. The former head of the German press and broadcasting, Hans Fritsche, admitted that he organized a massive campaign of anti-Soviet propaganda, trying to convince the public that not Germany, but the USSR was to blame for this war.

Preparing a campaign to the East, Hitler attached great importance not only to the creation of strategic offensive bridgeheads, not only to solving material, technical, resource and food problems at the expense of third countries, but also to favorable propaganda support for his actions. It was in the depths of the Hitlerite propaganda machine that the myths arose about the "Soviet threat", about "Soviet expansionism", about the USSR's desire to establish control over Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, about the "preventive" nature of the Barbarossa plan, about the "hostility" of the Soviet system to small peoples, about the "liberation mission" of the German Reich in the East, etc.

The legend of the "preventive war" is exposed by the analysis of the content of the plans "Barbarossa", "Ost" and other numerous Nazi documents extracted from the German archives. They reveal the Wehrmacht's secret preparations for an attack on the USSR and testify to the aggressive essence of fascism's plans against the USSR.

An analysis of the entire set of documents and the specific activities of the top Soviet leadership testifies to the absence of plans for a preventive war in the USSR. None of the more than 3 thousand orders of the people's commissars of defense (K. Voroshilov and S. Timoshenko) from 1937 to June 21, 1941, and none of the operational plans of the western border military districts of 1941 contain even a hint of preparations for an attack on Germany. Had it been carried out in reality, it would inevitably have had an effect on the assignment of missions to the troops and the planning of combat training.

Another persistent myth of the Second World War is about the "expansion" of the USSR to the West, its desire for territorial conquests during the liberation of the countries of Europe and Asia.

Attempts are being made to present the liberation mission of the Red Army in the countries of Europe and Asia as a communist expansion, as an attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and peoples, to impose an objectionable social order. However, even at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet government emphasized that the goal of the struggle of the USSR against the fascist oppressors was not only to eliminate the danger hanging over the country, but also to help all the peoples of Europe, groaning under the yoke of German fascism.

When the Red Army entered the territory of other countries, the Government of the USSR was guided by the treaties and agreements that existed at that time, which corresponded to the norms of international law.

Knowledge of the main directions of falsification of history, showing their anti-science are the key to an effective struggle against the distortion of the true course of events of the Second World War.

Guidelines
In the introductory part, it is necessary to emphasize that today in huge stream information often has to deal with the facts of a biased interpretation of the history of the Second World War. The main goal of the parties interested in this is to revise its geopolitical results. In practice, this can be seen, for example, in Japan's unfounded territorial claims regarding the Kuril Islands, which were ceded to the Soviet Union following the war.

Opening the first question, it is important to note that the lessons of the Second World War are still important today for preventing wars and maintaining the Armed Forces in proper combat readiness.

When considering the second question, it should be emphasized that the approaches of today's falsifiers of the history of the Second World War date back to the developments of the propaganda apparatus of the Third Reich.

It should be added that an effective way to counter attempts to falsify history is the widespread introduction of new historical documents, including declassified ones, into scientific circulation.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in order to combat the facts of distortion of history in our country, under the President Russian Federation A Commission was created to counter attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russia's interests.

1. History of the Second World War 1939 - 1945. In 12 volumes. T. 12. - M., 1982.

2. Zakharin I., Strelnikov V. Lessons from the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification. // Reference point. - 2005. - No. 4.

3. Gareev M. Battles on the military-historical front. - M., 2008.

4. Kulkov E., Rzheshevsky O., Chelyshev I. Truth and lies about the Second World War. - M., 1988.

Lieutenant Colonel Dmitry Samosvat.
Reserve Lieutenant Colonel, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences Alexei Kurshev
Landmark 06.2011

abstract on the discipline History and historical figures on the topic: Lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification; concept and types, classification and structure, 2015-2016, 2017.

ABSTRACT

at the rate« Russian history»

on this topic:« The lessons of the Second World War and the main directions of its falsification»

1 Key Lessons of World War II

The events of the Second World War are increasingly receding in time. At the same time, millions of people do not stop thinking about the reasons that gave rise to this war, its results and lessons. Many of these lessons are still relevant today.

World War II was not fatally inevitable. It could have been prevented if the Western countries had not made fatal political mistakes and strategic miscalculations.

Of course, the direct culprit of the war is German fascism. It is on him that the entire responsibility for its unleashing is on him. At the same time, the Western countries, with their short-sighted appeasement policy, their desire to isolate the Soviet Union and direct expansion to the East, created the conditions under which war became a reality.

The Soviet Union, for its part, in the troubled pre-war years, made a lot of efforts to consolidate the forces opposing aggression. At the same time, the proposals put forward by the USSR constantly ran into obstacles from the Western powers, their stubborn unwillingness to cooperate. In addition, Western countries sought to stay away from the military confrontation between Nazi Germany and the USSR.

This shortcoming is partly manifested today in the Russian army. So, if seven previously unknown types of weapons were used in World War II, twenty-five in the Korean War (1950-1953), thirty in four Arab-Israeli military conflicts, and about a hundred in the Persian Gulf War. Therefore, the need to improve the products of the military-industrial complex of the state is obvious.

After the war, in the conditions of global confrontation, there was no other alternative than to prepare for a world war using all available forces and means. Now, with the end of the Cold War, the primary task is to prepare for local wars and armed conflicts, to master the methods of conducting combat operations, taking into account their specifics, based on the experience of Afghanistan, Chechnya, the war in the Persian Gulf, etc., as well as the fight against terrorism.

Despite the availability of information about the threat of war on the part of fascist Germany, the Soviet leadership did not take appropriate measures to bring the troops of the western districts to combat readiness.

with the people who helped them both with the necessary material means and spiritual forces, maintaining high morale in the soldiers, confidence in victory. This is confirmed by mass heroism, courage, unbending will to defeat the enemy.

Love for the Motherland and hatred for its enemies cemented the front and rear, made the country a powerful fortress, and became the most important factor in achieving victory.

2 . Exposing the falsification of the history of the war

The victory in the war promoted the Soviet Union to the ranks of the world's leading powers and contributed to the growth of its authority and prestige in the international arena. This was in no way part of the plans of the reactionary international forces, it aroused in them frank anger and hatred, which led to the Cold War, to fierce ideological attacks against the USSR.

Throughout the entire post-war period, the events of the Great Patriotic War were one of the main areas of acute ideological confrontation between Western ideological centers and the Soviet Union.

Here are some of the methods used by falsifiers of the history of the Great Patriotic War.

Throughout the entire post-war period, including the last decade, some Western historians (F. Fabry, D. Irving) spread versions that the USSR in 1941 wanted to be the first to start a war against Germany. The myth about Moscow's readiness to unleash a preventive war against Germany is also present in the books of Russian-speaking historians V. Suvorov (Rezun), B. Sokolov and others. They even refer to the resolution allegedly imposed by the then First Deputy Chief of the General Staff N.F. Vatutin to the plan for strategic deployment in the West, adopted in March 1941: "The offensive will begin on 12.6". At the same time, it is known that a decision of this kind is made by the political leadership of the state, and not by the General Staff.

At the same time, according to the Russian military archives, it follows that the German side lost from 300 to 400 tanks and assault guns irretrievably. At the same time, the Soviet 5th Guards TA, which took the main part in the battle of Prokhorov, suffered heavy losses - about 350 tanks and self-propelled guns. It turned out that the German historian cited data on the losses of only the 2nd SS Panzer Corps, keeping silent about the losses of the 48th and 3rd German Panzer Corps, which also took part in the battle.

Not only individual researchers, but also serious state organizations act in a similar way. For example, in 1991, the United States created the National Committee to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Victory in World War II. Soon this organization published a colorful anniversary booklet prepared with the participation of historians in a huge edition. It opens with a "Chronicle of the most important events of the Second World War". And in this very detailed list, not one of the major battles, not one of the operations won or carried out by the Soviet troops against the Nazi invaders, is named. As if there were no Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk and other battles, after which the Nazi army suffered irreparable losses and finally lost its strategic initiative.

US President F. Roosevelt noted that "... the Russians kill more enemy soldiers and destroy more of his weapons than all the other 25 states of the United Nations combined."

From the rostrum of the House of Commons, W. Churchill declared on August 2, 1944, that "it was the Russian army that let the guts out of the German military machine."

The Soviet Armed Forces defeated 507 Nazi divisions and 100 divisions of its allies, almost 3.5 times more than on all other fronts of World War II.

Lliterature

1. History of the Second World War 1939 - 1945. In 12 volumes. T. 12. M., - 1982. p. 13 - 21, 33 - 37.

2. G. Kumanev. Our contribution to the victory over fascism: truth and fiction. //Reference point. - 2006. - No. 7.

3. G. Kumanev. Feat and forgery: pages of the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945. M., - 2007 - p. 336 - 351.

4. 60 years since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Military-historical conference. // Appendix to the "Military History Journal". M., 2001.

History / 2. General history

Ph.D., prof. Gazetov V.I.

Candidate of Economics, Assoc. Efimov G.I.

Institute of Economics and Culture, Russia;

Ph.D., prof. Khomenko V.I.

Moscow City University of Management of the Government of Moscow, Russia

Falsification of history is an effective weapon of the information war

Today, history has become a fertile field for a variety of manipulations in order to extract or otherwise political benefits. This has happened before. Great people make history, and their less gifted descendants rewrite it to suit the political expediency.

The search for and knowledge of truth based on information about reliable facts is the essence of historical science as one of the most important areas of the world knowledge system. Of particular danger to the world system of knowledge is the falsification of historical science with intrusions into sources historical facts and distortions of application scientific methods by their interpretation.The history of a country, people, society or state formation at all times has been the scene of numerous clashes over the formation and interpretation of the image of the past, first of all, because the conceptually designed image of the past has an ideological aspect for all generations, consolidating (or disintegrating and polarizing) society, ethnic group, state . The search for any information about the past, its systematization and generalization, transformation into appropriate views, theories and concepts, followed by their broad broadcast to various social strata to consolidate historical ideas in the mass consciousness, is carried out by the cultural and intellectual environment. The formation of an appropriate image of the past is aimed atsolution of a number of ideological and ideological tasks to ensure the stability of the society and its resistance to external influences.

Intelligent Distortion historical events consists in correcting them in such a way that the actually reflected facts of the past, supplemented by details that never existed, lead to a change in its actual original meaning. Incomplete authenticity (identity) of the source, which is expressed in the replacement of its content with modified fragments that change the meaning of this content, is a banal forgery, that is, a materialized distortion of the truth.

Distortion of historical knowledge, rewriting of history, large-scale or isolated cases of its falsification, aimed at changing anyelements of the collective representation of society and the people about their past, pose for the latter a real threat of destruction of their internal integrity, coherence and stability.The existing space of historical memory does not imply deliberate or even simply careless interference, the inevitable and immutable consequences of which may well be sudden and unpredictable events. Therefore, in the modern conditions of global communication, deliberate falsification of history is perceived as an effective “non-lethal weapon” of a new generation that can be effectively used for political, economic, military or other purposes. In process scientific research techniques and methods of information and psychological support of military operations, alien to science, are being introduced, the system-forming principle of which is disinformation and manipulation of public consciousness.

The conquerors of antiquity burned books and destroyed monuments in order to deprive the people of historical memory. The blackening of Russian history has a long tradition. Even in the middle of the XIX century. a cohort of people appeared who identified the concepts of "Russia" and "evil". The meaning of life for these people was the struggle not with evil in Russia, but with Russia as a source of evil. Since then, these people and their modern followers have been convinced that the preservation of the Russian archetype is hindering the complete reform of the country. The victory over the "source of evil" is seen by him in the radical destruction of the integral system of moral values of the people. The way to achieve this goal lies through the introduction into the public consciousness of hatred for one's past. This thought is expressed with maximum accuracy by one of Dostoevsky's "demons": "Whoever curses his former, he is already ours."

According to objective historical results, glorious deeds accomplished by many generations of Russians, Russia's past is one of the most worthy and convincing.That is why it becomes the object of aggressive and vicious attacks. At the same time, domestic history appears as a string of gloomy, unsightly, vile events that should cause natural disgust in society. Pathological contempt for the culture and history of Russia, for its shrines and symbols, the lack of a sense of historical roots finds expression in attempts to overthrow the heroes of past times. Genuine heroes are replaced by fictional, ugly, farcical characters. The slaughter of heroes and the death of memory are interrelated processes. The deheroization of the past was required by the persecutors of national culture in order to exterminate the feeling of patriotism. The logic here is extremely simple - a country that does not have a worthy past cannot count on a favorable future either.

A characteristic technique associated with an attempt to radically transform the historical understanding of the past is the desire to question the impeccable reputation of glorious heroes recognized by contemporaries and descendants, to discredit the good name and zeal in the performance of duty to the fatherland of thosewho, according to the poet Vladimir Solovyov, was always glorified by universal prayer, consecrated and exalted in churches, - those who loved, defended and died for Russia.At the same time, the lives and activities of not only and not so much prominent political figures, military leaders, thinkers of the past - from Grand Duke Vladimir to Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, A.V. Suvorov, M.V. Lomonosov and many, many others. Ordinary workers, warriors who lived honestly and regularly performed their duty, but are almost unknown to the general public, are subjected to defamation.

The morality of the people is expressed in its attitude towards previous generations.Russian historians of past centuries sincerely and disinterestedly served the search for truth on the basis of the reliability of repeatedly verified facts and the validity of sources. In conditionscomplication of public consciousness and its humanization,Internet forums are filled with dialogues of numerous enthusiasts who are interested in their native places, conducting a painstaking search for any information about their ancestors, their life, customs and way of life. It is from this moral interest, in the final analysis, that love for the Motherland is formed, feelings of patriotism and high citizenship are brought up.

Federal Agency for Press and mass communications(Rospechat) and the International Press Club announced an interregional competition of journalistic skills "Glory to Russia", dedicated to the days of the military glory of the Fatherland. The holding of the Contest is considered in the context of the implementation of the state program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011-2015". The purpose of the competition is to attractmedia attention to patriotic themes, including the glorious military past and present of our country, the traditions and modern tasks of its armed forces and civilian formations. As a jury member of the Competition, one of the authors of these lines was lucky to get acquainted with many materials published in the media - honest, kind, fair, glorifying the feat of the people. Small regional newspapers compete on equal terms with the central press...

Therefore, the speeches of some press organs, with poorly concealed disdain, digging into the past, denigrating and vulgarizing perhaps the best pages of their history, sometimes simply striking with their dense ignorance, sound like destructive dissonance. The past, according to B. Pasternak, opens up in all the diversity of human destinies, where each person, each individually, is one and only, where each peasant or artisan, priest or general, scientist or artist is real and valuable by his deeds, thoughts, aspirations of the soul. Domestic history is full-blooded and crowded, populated by many bright, original personalities. Satisfying the social demand of the population, providing it with effective support in organizing the search and collection of data on distant ancestors is the task of the day, formulated at the highest level. Many regional newspapers are actively using the communication opportunities that open up in this area. The humanistic component of such activity is obvious. The central and local archives contain documentary information about many of the residents who have already left. Access to this information has long been open. The local press could be helpful by publishing materials that help specific people find the truth. information on the history of the region, based on archival documents, and not on dubious rumors that distort the life of past generations and sin by broadcasting obsolete stereotypes.

Desecration of the past leads to cynicism and lack of spirituality. Lies generated by ignorance, disrespect for history, culture, and the memory of ancestors can lead to spiritual impoverishment and national collapse. Attempts to inflict reprisals on the past of the people are becoming more severe and aggressive. More and more new waves of historical "revisionism" are rolling in. Techniques and methods of information-psychological operations applied against a military adversary are used. The efforts of falsifiers, acting, as a rule,under the banner of goodness and justice,are aimed not at a simple distortion of historical facts, but at the destruction of the spiritual, cultural foundations of the state and people. Therefore, organized and in-depth counteraction to them must inevitablyinclude not only the obligatory refutation of lies, but also something immeasurably more important - the all-round strengthening of these very spiritual and civilizational foundations.

No one is allowed to try to question the deeds of the heroes. They stay with us forever. The spiritual health of Russian society is ensured not only by the instinct of national self-preservation, but also by a system of state and public measures that ensure the preservation of a unique patriotic spirit, honored and respected throughout the world.