What vices did Muhammad encourage people to get rid of? The moral character of Muhammad and his prophetic claims. The Prophet ﷺ was against violence

Chapter 6 Vices and Virtues We have considered almost all aspects of worldly life, but so far we have given mainly general rules that allow us to act wisely and decisively in any situation. However, each person's behavior is unique, because it depends on his personal

To get rid of poverty and debts Prayer to Saint Martin the Merciful Memorial Day October 12/25 Saint Martin lived in Pannonia in the 4th century. and from an early age he dreamed of devoting himself to serving God, but, obeying the will of his parents, he chose a military career. Being a military leader in

Prayers for successful conception and relief from infertility Prayer to St. Roman Memorial Day November 27/December 10 St. Roman the Wonderworker, who lived in the 5th century, was from the city of Rosa and spent his life in the vicinity of Antioch. The saint was known as a strict faster,

Prayers for relief from various ailments

Allah created us all different and prescribed each of us our own special, unique destiny. In society there are rich and poor, strong and weak, healthy and sick. We are all different, but we all have our own mission in this world, our own rights and responsibilities. Today is World Day of Persons with Disabilities. In this regard, we want to look at how the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) treated people with disabilities.

1) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) addressed people with disabilities as equals, without singling them out from society.

There is a well-known story about the companion of Amr Ibn Al-Jamukh, who was lame. If initially he opposed Islam, then after taking the true path, he made every effort in the path of Allah. Being in old age, he decided to take part in a military battle. His sons dissuaded him from this decision, citing the fact that he had a good reason to stay at home - he was old and weak. However, Amr ibn Al-Jamukh was determined and wanted to become a martyr in order to enter paradise with his lame leg. When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) heard about this, he did not interfere with him and allowed him to take part in the battle. Amr ibn Al-Jamukh died heroically in this war.

This story shows that the Messenger of Allah did not limit the capabilities of people with disabilities and created all the conditions for them so that they could become a full-fledged part of society and, on an equal basis with everyone else, could participate in the main events of their country.

2) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) assigned people with disabilities certain tasks so that they would not be isolated from society

The Messenger of Allah never looked at people with disabilities as outcasts or weak beings. He gave them important assignments. We can see this in the example of a blind companion, because of whom Allah Almighty reproached the Messenger of Allah in Surah Abbas. His name was Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoum. He was blind, but the Messenger of Allah gave him the duty of a muazzin. Thirteen times, at the command of the prophet, he was the imam during prayer.

Abdullah bin Umm Maktoum's house was far from the mosque. Due to the fact that there was no one who could accompany him to the mosque for prayer, Umm Maktoum asked the prophet to perform prayers at home. In response to this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) told him: “When you hear the adhan, you must answer it.” Thus, the Prophet (peace be upon him) not only pointed out the importance of performing collective prayer, but also did not allow Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoum to be isolated from the ummah.

3) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) helped disabled people find employment.

There is a very interesting story. During the time of the prophet, there lived a companion named Zahir. He was disabled and therefore embarrassed to appear in public. He lived in the desert. The Messenger of Allah once collected some fruits and plants of the desert and invited Zahir to sell them together in the market of Medina. The Messenger of Allah helped Zahir sell fruits and at the same time paid him compliments. The prophet once said: “Zahir is our desert, and we are its city.”

4) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) forbade shaming people with disabilities for their physical defects

The Prophet warned the Companions to look at a disabled person for a long time and examine his flaws. This is considered bad manners in Islam. He taught to help them, not to discuss them, to show them mercy and care, and not to shame them.

5) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) called for helping people with disabilities.

Along with the fact that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) addressed people with disabilities as equal members of society, endowed them with important responsibilities, he still took into account the characteristics of their health and called on people to help them.

You will learn

How were the childhood and youth of the Prophet Muhammad?

What qualities were characteristic of Muhammad?

What was the Prophet's family like?

Basic Concepts

Messenger of God Prophet Jews Christians

Muhammad's childhood and youth. In 570, a boy was born in Mecca, and his grandfather named him Muhammad, which means “commendable” in Arabic. Who will this child become?

The certificate of faith in Islam has the following meaning: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet and Messenger of Allah.”

So, Muhammad appeared as the Messenger of God and the Prophet. But, like every person, he had parents, he loved and was loved, he was happy and upset.

His father Abdallah died before his son was born, and his mother Amines passed away when the child was only six years old. Muhammad suffered the bitter fate of an orphan, and from early childhood he learned what suffering and deprivation, hunger and grief were.

Usually the Quraish gave small children to be raised by Bedouin families living in the desert. There the kids ate fresh camel and goat milk, ripe dates, breathed clean air, learned to speak correct Arabic and grew up quickly. And for the Bedouins themselves, such work was also profitable, because rich Meccans generously paid for their children. At first, none of the Bedouins wanted to take little Muhammad, because he had no father and they might not pay for his maintenance. And only one woman named Halima took the baby into her family. Here no one offended Muhammad, and he lived in this family for five years.

Muslim tradition reports that even in childhood, Muhammad was different from all other children. Tree branches bent over him, and a heavenly cloud always protected him from the burning sun. Then another miraculous event happened to him. One day Muhammad was playing near a Bedouin tent with other boys. Suddenly two men in white approached him, laid him on his back, took out his heart and removed the black clot from it, and then washed it with clean water from a golden vessel ORIGINAL SIN. These were the angels who cleansed Muhammad's heart of all evil. A few minutes later he stood up safe and sound. Frightened by what had happened, Halima returned the child to Amina's mother. But the prophet’s mother soon died, leaving the boy at the age of six an orphan.

His grandson was taken in by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. He loved him very much and told many stories about Arabs and other peoples, about prophets, about idols and gods, about different religions. Before his death, his grandfather entrusted one of his sons, Abu Talib, to take care of Muhammad. He treated Muhammad as his own son and was his patron all his life.

At the age of twelve, Muhammad went on his first trading trip with his uncle Abu Talib. Their path passed through deserts and mountains, various settlements and cities. Here they met a Christian monk who immediately recognized Muhammad as the prophet whose coming was predicted in the Scriptures of Jews and Christians. To confirm his words, he pointed out to his uncle the “seal of prophecy” - a birthmark on the boy’s shoulder.

In his early youth, Muhammad tended sheep for the inhabitants of Mecca for a small fee, hired himself out as a camel driver, and carried out trade orders for merchants. He grew up, became a man, was not afraid of any work, was always honest and decent, and for this he was nicknamed “faithful.”

When he was twenty-five years old, the noble woman Khadija took him into her service to transport goods to other cities. Thanks to Muhammad's honesty and skill, Khadija received great profits. The new employee was smart and honest. She immediately fell in love with the young and handsome young man, although he was poor. Khadija herself was a widow, but she was rich, smart and determined. Muhammad sincerely fell in love with Khadija, for the rest of his life she became the most beautiful woman for him. She was caring and faithful, shared his joys and worries, and supported him in difficult times.

Soon their wedding took place. They had four daughters: Zeinab, Ruqaiya, Umm Kulthum, Fatima. Their two sons died in infancy, and all the numerous descendants of the Prophet Muhammad came from Fatima. The absence of sons brought suffering to Muhammad, but he dearly loved and cared for his daughters.

One day there was a terrible drought in Mecca, and many families were starving. The hardest thing was for Abu Talib's large family. Then Muhammad came to the aid of his uncle. He took one of his sons, seven-year-old Ali, into his family and loved him like his own son. At the same difficult time, a young man named Zayd appeared in Muhammad's house. He was bought as a slave, but Muhammad freed him and adopted him. Ali and Zayd became Muhammad's sons.

Questions and tasks

When was Prophet Muhammad born?

What was Muhammad like in his youth?

Remembering names

Messenger of God, founder of Islam -...

Muhammad's grandfather...

Muhammad's father is...

Muhammad's mother...

Nurse and teacher -...

Muhammad's first wife is...

Abu Talib - ...

Ali and Zayd - ...

The beginning of the prophecy

You will learn

How the revelation of Allah was first sent to Muhammad

How the Prophet began to call for a new faith

How did the spread of Islam begin?

Basic Concepts

Koran Angel Divine revelations Pagans

First revelation. When Muhammad turned forty, he began to strive for solitude. Having collected supplies of food and water with him, he went to a cave near Mecca. Here he thought for a long time about the lives of his fellow tribesmen. He was haunted by the fact that injustice and deceit and inequality of people reigned in the world around him. He was disturbed by the debauchery and viciousness of his fellow tribesmen. Muhammad was looking for God, who would give him an answer to the questions that tormented him. He sought to find the truth.

Finally, in the month of Ramadan 610, Muhammad once again retired to a cave. One day the angel Jibril appeared before him and told him: “Read!” But Muhammad replied: “I cannot read.” The angel ordered him a second time: “Read!” Again Muhammad replied: “I cannot read.” The angel commanded him for the third time: “Read!”, and Muhammad asked him: “What should I read?” And then Jibril said: “Read in the name of the Lord, Who created all things. Read, because your Lord is the most generous... » This is what the Koran says. These were the first words of Allah sent from above to Muhammad.

When the Prophet was returning home from the cave, a heavenly voice addressed Him: “O Muhammad! You are the messenger of Allah." Shocked by what had happened and trembling, Muhammad entered the house and told Khadija what had happened to him. He was afraid that some evil spell had bewitched him and wanted to destroy him.

Khadija began to console him: “Don’t worry, you will never experience shame. After all, you are kind and fair, you support your relatives, help the weak and share with the poor. You are hospitable and help everyone!” Then they went to her cousin, a very old man, a Christian. He explained everything to Muhammad:

-You will become a Prophet. The angel Jibril appeared to you, who came to Moses before. You will be accused of lying, oppressed, driven out and fought with you, because people do not like those who strive for justice and truth.

This is what happened later...

The first Muslims. Fear soon left Muhammad's heart, and divine revelations resumed. Thus, gradually a new faith and religion was revealed to Muhammad - Islam. He began to call his family and friends to Islam. The first Muslims were his wife Khadija, his adopted sons Ali and Zaid, and his friend Abu Bakr.

But at first the number of supporters of the Prophet and his new faith was small. For another 3 years, Muhammad had to secretly call for faith in Allah.

– Why didn’t people want to believe the Prophet?

Islam rejected belief in idols. The rich city nobility and tribal leaders were very reluctant to share their wealth and special rights with everyone. They opposed the new religion and wanted to preserve the old order, and people were also accustomed to worshiping idols.

In addition, the Prophet Muhammad was not rich and did not have sons, and, according to the Arabs, could not become a leader and stand on a par with noble people.

Open sermon in Mecca.

Finally, the time has come to openly call for Islam. Having called the Meccans to a general meeting, Muhammad spoke about the new faith, about Almighty Allah, his mercy, about the terrible judgment of sinners, immortality, about the fact that he is the Messenger of God and the Prophet. He called to treat each other with brotherly love, to be cordial and sincere, to stop enmity, and to renounce cruelty.

But the Meccans for the most part did not believe the speeches of the Prophet. The Quraysh laughed and mocked the small number of Muslims, spread false stories about the Prophet and distorted the meaning of his speeches. But the ridicule and hostile actions of his fellow tribesmen did not break the will of Muhammad. He went everywhere where people gathered and called them to believe in Allah. Gradually, a group of Arabs who shared his views rallied around Muhammad. Among them were noble people, and small traders who could barely make ends meet, and women, and slaves.

Since the Meccans continued to be hostile to Muslims, the Muslims had to move to the neighboring country of Ethiopia, where the ruler was a Christian. Muslims told him about Islam like this : “O King! Previously, we were ignorant, worshiped idols, were at enmity with our neighbors, the strong offended the weak. But a man came to us - the Messenger of Allah, known for his honesty, virtue and truthfulness. He called people to worship the One Allah. In addition, he ordered us to be truthful, maintain family ties, live in peace and friendship, and renounce bloodshed. He forbade cheating and taking away other people's property. We believed him and accepted his faith, which he brought from Allah."

After listening to them, the ruler of Ethiopia replied: “Go and feel safe in my country. I won't harm any of you."

Muhammad remained in Mecca at this time, continuing to call for Islam. The Muslim forces gradually increased. But at this time new troubles befell the Prophet. His uncle and patron Abu Talib died, and soon Khadija, his wife, faithful and devoted friend, also died. That year 619 was called the year of tribulation.

Questions and tasks

Why was Muhammad's prophecy not accepted by the Meccans?

What human vices did Muhammad call to get rid of?

What should people be like, their actions, their relationships with each other?

What kind of torment for faith in Allah befell Muhammad and his supporters?

All the Prophets, starting from the forefather of mankind Adam (alaihis salaam) and ending with the seal of the Prophets Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), called on people to recognize the same religious views. This is, first of all, to believe in the uniqueness of Allah and not recognize any other power besides Him. In Islam it is calledtawhid. The Koran says this:

وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ اِلاَّ نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ

اِلاَّ أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ

“We have not sent a single messenger before you without instilling in him: “There is no god but Me.” So worship Me."

Before the advent of Islam, the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula believed in Allah, but they became polytheists because they began to worship other gods along with the Lord. Thus they fell into great error. And the behavior of the Arabs was explained by the fact that in this way they intended to achieve closeness to Allah and believed that other gods would intercede for them. The Almighty Creator in the Koran draws our attention precisely to these circumstances, since the signs of polytheists and idolaters were as follows:

“If you ask them: “Who created the heavens and the earth, and subjected the sun and the moon to his power?” - they will certainly answer: “Allah.” But how much they turned away [from faith in the One God, after they recognized him].”

"Oh yeah! Sincere faith [can be] only in Allah. And those who recognized other patrons besides Him [claimed]: “We worship them only so that they bring us closer to Allah as much as possible.” Allah will judge between them where they contradict [each other]. Verily, Allah will not guide liars and infidels to the straight path.”

“Allah said: “Do not worship two gods, for He is One God. And just fear Me.”

In these verses, the Lord demands from people that they completely get rid of all erroneous views and profess the correct and true religion. Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was sent by the Prophet to the most ignorant tribes of Arabia, and his mission was to combat misconceptions. In addition, he had to teach people the truth of religion and teach the correct doctrine.

Tawhid- this is pronouncing the testimony of faith “La ilaha illa Allah” (there is no God but Allah) and living with a deep awareness of the uniqueness of the Creator. But first of all, we need to help people get rid of erroneous views. The first thing we say when pronouncing the testimony of faith is “La”, that is, denial, and this is the initial condition for comprehending true tawhid. Therefore, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) began his mission with this. And as soon as he “destroyed” all the gods and idols and helped people “throw them out” of their hearts and souls, he gradually began to “germinate the seeds” of “illa Allah”.

The basis of tawhid is clearly expressed in Surah “Ikhlyas”. This sura is also called “Sura Tavhida”.

“Say: “He is Allah - One; Allah alone is eternal, all needs are alien to Him, but we need only Him. He does not give birth and He is not born. He is inimitable and incomparable (with nothing that our vision can comprehend or earthly knowledge can embrace).”

Another surah explains in detail the doctrine of Islam:

“Say: “Who is the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth?”
(In response) say: “Allah!”

« He is the creator of heaven and earth! How can He have a child if He did not have a wife, [if] He created all things and is knowledgeable about all things?

“This is Allah, your Lord. There is no God but Him, the creator of all things. So worship Him, for He is the ruler over all things.”

The next verse states that He alone is the only Master of the vast Universe.

“And, verily, Allah pinches (for the growth of a shoot) both the grain (of any cereal) and the seed (of the fruit of the date palm). He extracts life from the dead (flesh), from the depths of the living he causes death. This is Allah! And how foolish you are (that you stand aside from His Truth)! He cuts (the sky) with the dawn and assigns night for rest, and for the sun and moon to keep track of time. This is the institution of Him who is wise and mighty beyond measure. He is the One who placed the stars (for your needs) to guide you when darkness (falls) on land or sea. Thus We clarify Our signs for those in whom knowledge lives. He is the One who raised you from one soul, initially placing you in the loins of your husband, then in the safe womb of his wife. Thus We clarify Our signs for those who have understanding. He is the One Who brings down water from heaven for you."

As follows from the content of the above verses, Almighty Allah focuses on His unlimited power.

Along with this, we should not forget that faith in the Prophets, who convey Divine messages to people, is also one of the main provisions of the religion, for the second part of the shahada (testimony of faith) consists of the words “Muhammad Rasulullah” (Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah). Another important feature that is repeatedly emphasized in the Qur'an is belief in the prophecy of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

But besides this, various verses of the Quran also communicate other fundamentals of faith. This is faith in Prophets, in Divine books, in angels, faith in predestination and faith in the End of the World.

For twenty-three years, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) tirelessly conveyed divine revelations and taught people the basics of faith. And the most remarkable thing is that all his associates trusted him without any doubt, believed in his chosenness and infallibility. After all, everyone knows that it is very difficult to get rid of beliefs and views instilled in childhood. It is difficult to get rid of customs and traditions, habits and manners, culture and way of life.

It is known that the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made rather serious remarks to some companions who could not immediately understand the essence of Islam - the teachings of tawhid, or could not part with some old views. An example is certain episodes that happened during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). During the campaign against Hunain, the Muslims came across a tree called "Zati Anwat". The pagans attached special qualities to this tree and considered it sacred. Therefore, they always hung their weapons on the branches of this tree. Some of the companions turned to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) with the request:

- O Messenger of Allah! Could you choose a tree for us so that we, as pagans, can hang our equipment on it?

Hearing this request, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) exclaimed:

- Subhanallah! This is very similar to the request the Jews made to the Prophet Moses: “Musa, build us a God similar to the one these people have!” I swear by Allah, in whose will my soul is, by your behavior you show that you are still following in the footsteps of a people who lived a long time ago.

- O Messenger of Allah! You are worthy to be worshiped!

However, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sharply rebuffed him:

- Do not under any circumstances try to do this!

According to Jubair bin Mut’ them (radiyallahu anhu), one day a certain Bedouin came to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and made the following request:

- O Messenger of Allah! Our people are in a difficult situation and are in dire need. Many people died. Animals fell. Pray to Allah for us to send rain on us. We ask for your intercession before Allah and ask for Allah's intercession before you!

In response, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) exclaimed indignantly:

- Woe to you! Do you even understand the meaning of what you are asking for now? Subhanallah!

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) repeated the word “Subhanallah” so often that all the companions present here became alarmed. Then he said to the Bedouin:

- Woe to you! Remember, Allah is never made an intercessor before an ordinary mortal! For He is above all!

The Bedouin's words “We ask Allah's intercession for you” are erroneous from the point of view of Islamic doctrine. Shafaat (intercession) is usually used as a means to gain Allah's mercy. To achieve His mercy, you can ask for the sake of the Prophets, but in order to earn the mercy of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), in no case should you ask the Lord for this. Because this is fundamentally contrary to the teachings of Islam. No creation can be higher or more powerful than Allah, so using God as an intercessor before anyone is out of the question. There is not a single fact known in the history of mankind that any of the Prophets claimed this. They all said one thing: “We are ordinary mortals, and our task is only to convey Divine messages.” This is stated in the Qur'an as follows:

“It is not appropriate for a person to whom Allah has given the Book, wisdom and prophecy to (call) people to address: “You worship me instead of Allah!” Against! (he should say): “Be devoted to Allah. After all, you teach (others) this Book and try to comprehend its Truth.”

Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), first of all, tried to cleanse society of various kinds of errors. Concerned about this, he asked the Lord to curse those Jews and Christians who made the graves of the Prophets places of worship. Even in relation to himself, he asked his companions not to cross boundaries and not to exalt him excessively.

There is also another warning from the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) that he made regarding Ethiopian Christians:

“When one of the righteous died among them, they usually built a church over his grave and painted portraits of the holy saint on its walls. On the Day of Judgment these people will suffer the heaviest punishment.”

On the other hand, Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) changed the names of some companions for the reason that they resembled pagan beliefs and customs. For example: he replaced the names Abduluzza (slave of Uzza) and Abdushshams (slave of the Sun) with the names Abdullah (slave of Allah) and Abdurrahman (slave of the Merciful). The female name Asiya (going against the laws) was replaced by the name Jamila (beautiful).

Along with this, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) removed some words that were contrary to the teachings of Islam from the spells that were used during the days of jahiliyyah, and allowed the companions to use them to cure certain diseases. Awf bin Malik (radhiyallahu anhu) said the following:

“Before the adoption of Islam, we recited special spells over the sick. One day the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked us:

– Show me these spells! If they do not contain heretical statements, then they can be used.

Umair (may Allah be pleased with him) told the following story:

“Once I read before Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) a spell that I usually used to treat mental patients. He ordered me to remove certain expressions from the text. He ordered that the remaining part be preserved, that is, he allowed it to be used to treat the sick.”

Rukia - healing the sick with the help of certain spells and prayers. According to the teachings of Islam, people can be treated with spells, but on condition: they should not contain words that assign partners to Allah and sow doubts about the power of the Lord. Subsequently, some verses of the Koran and individual spells began to be used against the evil eye and for protection against evil people and spirits. As mentioned in one of the books, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) saw a yellowed girl in the house of his wife Ummah Salama and commanded those around him:

“This girl has been jinxed. So read something over it!”

Another report says that the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) approved of the recitation of Surah Fatihah over the sick.

However, I would like to note that when using any methods of treatment, let it be medicine, even reading spells, you should never forget that healing and salvation depend only on the will of Allah Almighty. Sometimes, forgetting about this, we say that this or that remedy helped; thinking like that is a gross mistake. Unfortunately, today many people, having abandoned the instructions of the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), are more inclined to those methods of treatment that were used before the spread of Islam. Especially these days, many people go to all kinds of healers and healers, considering them great wizards who have the power to cure any disease and even bring happiness and good luck. But many of them are ordinary charlatans, pursuing only selfish goals and not disdaining to profit from the misfortune of others. One thing is obvious: taking advantage of people’s ignorance and lack of basic knowledge in religious matters, these “highway robbers” are trying to turn the bright path of Islam into a source of profit. There is only one effective means of salvation from this scourge - this is the constant study of religious provisions and regulations, the study of the fundamentals of the doctrine of Islam.

As the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) reports, there are seven deadly sins in the world, which socially, morally and psychologically lead society to collapse and disappointment, sow enmity and hatred. The first of them is the attribution of partners to Allah, and the second is witchcraft. Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:

– Avoid the seven deadly sins!

The Companions asked:

- O Messenger of Allah! What are these sins?

In response, Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) stated the following points:

- Associating partners with Allah, practicing witchcraft, killing an innocent person, engaging in usury, using the property of an orphan (by deception or wrong), leaving the battlefield without permission, and accusing a chaste woman of adultery.

As follows from this hadith, practicing witchcraft, even going to a sorcerer in Islam are considered forbidden actions. And if someone believes that he has been bewitched or damaged, instead of going to some charlatan, he should rather offer prayers to Allah, give out alms as much as possible and perform other pious deeds. Of course, if there is any learned person known for his righteous behavior and deep religious knowledge, then you can turn to him for help.

Also, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sought to eradicate another type of erroneous views - the belief that some people have the ability to have information about the unknown or know about the future. Therefore, according to scientists, believing predictors and broadcasters and going to them for help is one of the reasons that leads a person into the abyss of delusion and even unbelief. As the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:

“If anyone goes to a soothsayer or a fortune-teller and believes in what they say, by his action he will show that he rejects what was revealed to me (the Quran).”

The noble wife of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) Aisha (radiyallahu anha) said the following:

“Some people came to Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and asked about the predictions of fortune tellers. He answered:

– Everything they report is a lie!

However, they objected:

- O Messenger of Allah! But sometimes the statements of fortune tellers turn out to be true and actually come true.

To which Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied:

– Information that turns out to be true is stolen from the angels by the genies and passed on to their fortune teller friends. And they, in turn, mix a hundred false ones with one true word (and present them to people).

In this case, as we see, the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) primarily emphasizes the falsity of information presented by fortune tellers, but at the same time notes that they sometimes tell the truth. In addition, the theft of certain information by jinn and demons is reported in the Koran. The Koran also says that after the spread of Islam on the planet, all avenues for stealing knowledge hidden from people have long been blocked. Almighty Allah commands the following:

“Verily, We covered the heavens closest to the earth with decorations of stars (for beauty), as well as for protection from every rebellious shaitan, so that they could not listen to the Supreme Assembly (of saints), and were expelled from all sides, driven away and betrayed painful punishment. Apart from those who steal something, they are pursued by a blinding light (of falling stars) blazing with fire.”

Scholarly interpreters of the Koran, explaining the meaning of these verses, argued that jinn and shaitans stole information from heaven even before the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was entrusted with the mission of prophecy. But after he became a Prophet, access to the secret knowledge of the future was blocked. That is why the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said that all the information usually reported by fortune-tellers and soothsayers is unreliable and is based on guesses and fabrications.

In the case reported by Ibn Abbas (radiyallahu anhuma), the topic in question is revealed as follows:

“Previously, the jinn went to heaven and listened to Divine revelations. And as soon as they heard one word, they added ninety-nine more words to it. One word was true and the rest were false. And when the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was elected as a Prophet, by the will of Allah, when the jinn and shaitans approached the celestial sphere, burning coals began to fire at them. They informed the shaitan about this, since the jinn had not encountered any obstacles before. Shaitan said to the demons:

– This happened for a reason. Consequently, some significant event occurred on earth!

He then sent his servants to earth, who stumbled uponProphet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) at the moment when he performed prayer in Mecca between two mountains. The genies immediately returned to Iblis and reported what they had seen. He declared:

– This is precisely the significant event that happened on earth.

Apparently, the meaning of the ban on practicing witchcraft and fortune telling by the religious precepts of Islam is explained by the fact that such a sacred creation, which is a person, taking advantage of the free will given to him by Allah, begins to engage in worthless and harmful activities. But a person himself is free to choose his own destiny and, as a consequence of this choice, deserves punishment or reward through his own actions. In addition, a ban on such activities blocks the way for the use of gullibility and ignorance of people for selfish purposes. That is, this ban protects the rights and dignity of people who, because of their own stupidity, fall into the networks of home-grown astrologers and fortune tellers, who, judging by their words, can even change destinies and bring happiness.

On the other hand, explaining the types of religious errors and relying on the verse of the Qur'an “You shall not invent other gods equal to Him,” our scholars say that, along with open shirk, there is also hidden shirk. With the hidden form of shirk, people do not worship idols and images, but consider some beings equal to God, or endow someone with Divine qualities and properties. With this type of shirk, no matter how people worship Allah, at any moment there is a danger of deifying a certain being. The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) warned his companions about this possibility.

Zayd bin Khalid al-Juhani (radhiyallahu anhu) related the following story:

“During the trip to Hudaybiyah, it started to rain at night. In the morning Muhammad(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself led the morning prayer. After finishing the prayer, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) turned to his companions, said:

– Do you know what the Lord commanded?

Those present responded:

– Allah and his Messenger know best!

Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) to this he said:

- Allah Almighty commanded the following: “Because of the rain that fell, some of My servants believed Me, asome fell into unbelief. Those who said: “That night, thanks to the mercy of Allah, it rained,” believed Me. Well A those who said: “Due to the favorable arrangement of the stars, rain fell at night,” fell into kufr (disbelief) because they believed in the heavenly bodies. Because of the rain, some believed, others became disbelievers.”

As indicated in the hadiths, all events that occur in the Universe occur according to the will of Allah. Therefore, all natural phenomena (rain, snow, cold, summer, heat, etc.) must be considered the will of the Lord. But, unfortunately, as soon as any event occurs or suddenly something unpleasant happens to someone, people, out of their ignorance, consider other, mortal and earthly beings to be the cause of what happened. For example, sometimes some people say: “Oh, friend! I owe you for saving my life!” or “If Allah and you wish it!” It happens that after recovery, other people say: “If it weren’t for this doctor, I would have been in the next world long ago!” All these statements are types of shirk, and if a person believes in it with all his heart and elevates it to the rank of a certain belief system, then this can lead to disbelief. Ibn Abbas, talking about hidden shirk, noted that “this shirk is more invisible than the trace of an ant that crawls on a black stone in the dead of night.”

In addition, sometimes people, confused in various problems and finding themselves in the whirlpool of life's trials, begin to tie shreds to trees, rocks, or in the burial places of the holy righteous. Some people light candles or sacrifice animals. All this is a form of shirk, which is the most terrible sin.

Worship and noble deeds performed for the purpose of showing off are also classified as types of hidden shirk, for the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) considered worship performed more carefully and conscientiously, when people see it, as a manifestation of hidden shirk.

The following hadith of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) draws people's attention to precisely this circumstance.

“What worries me most is the behavior of my followers, who in the future will associate partners with Allah. By this I do not mean that they will worship the sun, the moon or idols. “I fear that the faithful will begin to do good deeds not for the sake of Allah, but in order to attract people’s attention.”

On the Day of Judgment, such people will be left alone with their deeds and will not receive any benefit from their actions. Once the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said the following to his companions:

“What I fear most is that you will begin to fall into minor shirk.”

The surprised companions asked:

- O Messenger of Allah! How do you understand “small shirk”?

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave the following answer:

– Small shirk is riya. When on the Day of Judgment everyone is rewarded according to their deserts, Allah will order the one who performed riya: “Go to those for whose sake you committed certain actions. Perhaps you will receive a reward from them for your deeds?

In connection with our topic, we would like to cite another hadith of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said the following:

“On the Day of Judgment, the first person to be called to answer will be the one who was killed in battle. When he appears before Allah, he will be reminded of the benefits given during his life, and he will acknowledge them. Allah will ask:

-What did you do with them?

-I fought on Your path and fell as a martyr.

Allah will answer:

-You are lying. You did not fight for My sake. You fought so that people would consider you brave and call you one.

And by order of Allah, they will drag him to hell.

One of the first to be called to account on the Day of Judgment will be the one who taught the Koran, comprehended various sciences and taught others. Allah will remind him of the benefits given during his life, and he will recognize them. Then Allah will ask:

– How did you use the knowledge?

"(Riyadh al-Salihin 183/3; 245/2; Sahih al-Bukhari 13).

He also owns the following statement: “Whoever helps his brother in faith in a difficult moment, Allah will help him on the Day of Judgment, for Allah always helps a person as long as he helps others.” .

Greeting Others Spreads Peace

Lying or breaking a promise is hypocrisy

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “He who has four qualities is a complete hypocrite, and whoever has one of these qualities will have one quality of a hypocrite until he gets rid of it: 1. When he is trusted, he betrays the trust. 2. When he speaks, he lies. 3. When he makes a contract, he breaks it. 4. When he argues, he is treacherous" .

The Prophet ﷺ called for moderation and rational thinking

He called for a moderate lifestyle and rational thinking. It is reported that three men came to his house to ask him about his practice of worshiping Allah. The Prophet ﷺ was not at home, and his wife spoke to them. From their conversation with her, they realized that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not worship as much as they expected from the Prophet ﷺ. According to their understanding, they believed that a pious person should spend his life in celibacy. They also believed that in addition to the daily five prayers, every night should be spent performing prayer and ﷺ called for maintaining the correct balance of spiritual and physical. Body and soul must be equally satisfied within the permitted means.

The Prophet ﷺ called for using religion to improve and make life easier, and not to complicate it. He also urged people to take care of their bodies and be moderate in their food intake. (This is part of the instructions of the Prophet ﷺ that the stomach should be two-thirds full: one third of the stomach should be filled with food, the second with liquid and the third kept empty for breathing.)

The Prophet ﷺ was against violence

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never resorted to violence as a means of conveying the word of Allah to people and did not force religion on anyone. Although he ﷺ

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ respected the opinions of other people. Whenever the Prophet ﷺ gave instructions to his companions that could be understood in different ways, he approved of all the decisions they made (provided that this decision was within the framework of Islamic law).

When Amr bin As was criticized for leading prayer without ablution, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ listened to him and approved his decision. Amr explained that it was cold that night and he was afraid to do ablution, believing that he might get sick.

Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that he served the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for ten years and the Prophet ﷺ never asked him why you did this and why you did not act differently.

Taken from the book “Muhammad – The Man, Leader and Messenger of Allah ﷺ »