Home Magic A holy place is never empty. Motherland. Motherland. Worship crosses Native land worship crosses

Magic

A holy place is never empty. Motherland. Motherland. Worship crosses Native land worship crosses

Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school No. 21
municipal formation Temryuk district
Krasnodar Territory

Cuban studies lesson in grade 2

Yaroshenko Nina Olegovna -
primary school teacher

2016 – 2017 academic year

Grade 2 KUBAN STUDIES Lesson 31
Motherland. Motherland. Worship crosses.
Lesson Objectives:
- fostering a sense of patriotism, love and respect for the Fatherland, belonging to a single state, introducing children to the history and culture of Russia, awakening interest in the spiritual life of their ancestors.
- to expand and systematize students' knowledge about their native land, as about the place where a person was born and lives;
- to acquaint with the historical and cultural traditions of establishing worship crosses in the Kuban.
- to educate students in moral and value feelings, in particular, love for the Motherland.
Equipment:
- Presentation about the Krasnodar Territory; photographs of the native village, landscapes and historical places of the Kuban, cards with tasks.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment.
Epigraph: "Native nature is a native land, native land, this is a small homeland."
K.Paustovsky
II. Knowledge update
"Where does the Motherland begin?" M. Matusovsky, music. V. Basner
1. Introductory speech of the teacher:
The school year begins and the first word written in textbooks is a very important word - MOTHERLAND!
Motherland - Russia - is the land of our, Russian people, watered with the blood of valiant ancestors who defended it in historical battles. Motherland is the soul of the people, their faith, their aspirations and prayers. Motherland is the traditions and culture of our ancestors.
Task "Collect a proverb."
Motherland - mother, know how to stand up for her
Where someone is born, it will come in handy. A person without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song.
There is nothing more beautiful in the world than our Motherland.
“Our Fatherland is our Motherland – Mother Russia. We call Russia Fatherland because our fathers and grandfathers lived in it from time immemorial. We call it Motherland because we were born in it. Mother - because she fed us with her bread, made us drink with her waters. There are many good states in the world, but a person has one mother - he has one and his homeland. (K.D. Ushinsky)
Where did the word "motherland" come from? The word homeland comes from the ancient word clan, which denotes a group of people united by blood relationship. Each of us is a descendant of some ancient ancient family. And the word genus itself denotes the ancient god of the Slavs Rod. Main city the Ross tribe - Roden. It was dedicated to the god Rod.
In a big country, each person has his own little corner - the city, the street, the house where he was born. This is his "small motherland". And our common, great Motherland consists of many such small corners. She is huge and beautiful. And everyone has one.
What does each of these words mean?
Genus, homeland, relatives, parents, pedigree. There is a single root here - genus.
First, a person is born. Then he learns that his homeland is called Russia. That it is the largest country in the world. That Russia is a country with an ancient history.

From the first days of his life, he is surrounded by relatives. Gradually, their circle expands. Relatives, friends, neighbors And one day the understanding comes to him that in addition to his house, his yard, his street, his district, his city, what we call our “small Motherland”, there is also “My Country”. These are millions of people who do not personally know us. But our lives have a lot in common. And we all depend on each other in some way. We experience Russia's victories as our own victories. And the troubles of Russia are not foreign to us either.
What does motherland mean? How do you understand the meaning of this word? And what do you call your small Motherland?
2. Finish the sentence
(students write down the definition of the word, stick their sheet on the board)

Homeland is
3. Generalization of children's statements
Motherland, native land - this is all that surrounds us, this is all that from the first
days of our lives becomes as dear to us as air, water,
bread, like a smile of a close and native land. This is the place where our family lives, where we grow, learn, work.
Motherland is what it is today: our cities and villages, our meadows and forests, our people, our school. But this is also what we had here before: our ancient history and culture, our monuments and traditions.
Motherland is our future too; what will happen on our earth. This is the hope for
joy and happiness. This is finally confidence: here we will be best
live.
So, the Motherland is everything without which a person simply cannot live.
We live in Russia on the blessed Kuban land. Kuban is our small
Motherland.
4. Quiz "My Kuban"
Computer presentation with photographs of the unique places of the Kuban.
(Students recognize and name objects, receiving a chip for the correct answer. At the end, the winner of the quiz is determined)

5. Work in groups:
- the small Motherland is the place where you live, where you were born. This is a native and beloved land, sung by poets, musicians and artists. Let's try to express our feelings through the power of art.
1) group - poets: compose a story, an essay about the Motherland using the words: Motherland, country, fields, forests, heaven, earth, rivers, mountains, expanses, Kuban
2) group - artists: draw a favorite corner of their native land. A poster with the image of favorite corners of their native land is hung on the board, and students read poems about the Motherland.
What unites us? United Motherland. This is a common land. General history. General laws. Mutual language. But the most important thing is common values, spiritual traditions. A person remains a person as long as he appreciates and disinterestedly cares about a person close to him, other people, about the interests of the people and the Fatherland.
You receive both the Motherland and values as a gift from previous generations. Values live in spiritual traditions. Outside of tradition, they perish like a plant pulled out of the soil. The source of values is understood in different ways.
Believers are convinced that people receive values from God. God gives people moral law- knowledge about the right life, about how to avoid evil, fear and illness and even death, not to harm others, to live in love, harmony and harmony with people and the world around.
And when we talk about the spirituality of the Russian people, this is certainly connected with Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy is unthinkable outside the worship of the Cross of Christ. The cross accompanies the Christian from baptism. A pectoral cross is worn around the neck, the cross crowns the dome of the temple, rests in the altar on the throne, is placed as a prayer, worship, thanksgiving - near the temple, by the roads, in the field and other most unexpected places ...
Outside temples and cemeteries, crosses were and are being erected primarily for religious purposes. The cross is the sign of our salvation. And just as we must think about salvation not only in the temple, so the place of the cross in our life cannot be limited only to the temple. The tradition of putting up crosses came to Rus' even before its adoption of Christianity.
The tradition of installing worship crosses is very, very ancient and goes back to the time of the formation of Christianity in Rus'. It is believed that one of the first worship crosses were those that were erected by order of Princess Olga on the site of destroyed pagan idols, crossroads and remote villages
Her grandson, Prince Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko continued this pious tradition.
The main purpose of their dispensation is to remind the traveler of the eternal, of the need to breathe to God in prayer and worship Christ. In the old days, crosses were called worshipers, which were placed on the site of destroyed temples - where there was a throne and a bloodless sacrifice was made (this place was specially fenced off as holy).
The installation of such crosses in ancient times was special ritual, which was approached with all seriousness, responsibility and respect. Usually, people gathered throughout the village to perform this ceremony.
The worship crosses stand on a small hill (the symbol of Golgotha), and so, in order to create such an elevation, each villager brought a handful of earth and erected it in place of the future foot of the cross.
Traditionally, such crosses were made of wood, less often of stone and very rarely of metal. When installing, they were guided by the cardinal points: the flat part of the cross turned to the east, and the raised end of the lower crossbar turned to the north.
Worship crosses were installed in a certain place:
Site of a lost church or cemetery;
Holy spring;
The place where pagan idols stood;
Dead, dangerous places;
Entrance to the city;
place of death;
Place of mass baptisms and so on.
And the fact that their functions were also different, depending on the place of installation, and the goals pursued by the creators of the "monument". Today this tradition is being revived. Like a thousand years ago, the Worship Cross reminds people of the primordial Orthodox faith. Many consider the cross a spiritual symbol of the nation, a cultural monument. So let the crosses protect our land from troubles, decorate it and tell everyone passing by that Orthodox Christians live here. And make us cleaner

I.Y. Summing up the lesson
On this lyrical note, we end our lesson. Of course it's impossible
tell everything about the Motherland, embrace its rich history, its traditions.
It is important to understand only one thing, that if we love and protect our Motherland, then our Motherland will grow rich and prosper. Together - we are force. We will be proud of our Motherland! Our little Motherland - Kuban! We are the heirs of our Motherland!

Application
Motherland. M.Yu. Lermontov
I love my homeland, but with a strange love!
My mind won't defeat her.
Nor glory bought with blood
Nor full of proud trust peace,
No dark antiquity cherished legends
Do not stir in me a pleasurable dream.
But I love - for what, I do not know myself -
Her steppes are cold silence,
Her boundless forests sway,
The floods of her rivers are like seas;
On a country road I like to ride in a cart
And, with a slow gaze piercing the shadow of the night,
Meet around, sighing about an overnight stay,
The trembling lights of sad villages;
I love the smoke of the burnt stubble,
In the steppe, an overnight convoy,
And on a hill in the middle of a yellow field
A couple of whitening birches.
***
A.S. Pushkin
Two feelings are wonderfully close to us,
In them the heart finds food:
Love for native land
Love for father's coffins.
Based on them from the ages,
By the will of God himself,
human self,
The pledge of his greatness.
genus

parents

pedigree

Section "Spiritual origins of the Kuban"Century GothicFigure 115

slide 1

Master class on the topic "Spiritual culture of the Kuban"

It is difficult to disagree with Yevgeny Leonov in terms of the fact that in recent times the society has become "impoverished" spiritually. On us, teachers, Nature has placed a great responsibility for children. Who, if not us, teachers, fill the souls of children with spirituality?

slide 2

As Shalva Amonashvili said: "Spiritual perfection is the basis of life on Earth for us."

We, the Teachers, need to make a lot of effort not only to raise a winged child, but to learn to fly ourselves.

It is we, the Teachers, who should try to comprehend the spiritual world of each of our students, help them rise to a higher level and gain a foothold on it. The student grows, matures, becomes stronger, and this ascent occurs through the teacher.

slide 3

Revealing the topics of the section "Spiritual culture of the Kuban" within the framework of the subject "Kuban studies" in 2nd grade would like to start withthe first topic “Native land. Motherland. Worship Crosses.

The main goal: fostering a sense of patriotism, love and respect for the Fatherland, belonging to a single state, introducing children to the history and culture of Russia, awakening interest in the spiritual life of their ancestors.

slide 4

The lesson can be started with the song “Where the Motherland Begins” op. M. Matusovsky, music. V. Basner, in order to help students formulate the topic of the lesson. Students will understand that the Motherland - Russia - is the land of our, Russian people, watered with the blood of valiant ancestors who defended it in historical battles. Motherland is the soul of the people, their faith, their aspirations and prayers. Motherland is the traditions and culture of our ancestors.

You can invite students to work on a task called "Collect a proverb."

Motherland - mother, know how to stand up for her
Where someone is born, there it will come in handy.
A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song.
There is nothing more beautiful in the world than our Motherland.

It is appropriate to demonstrate the statement about the Motherland of K.D. Ushinsky:

“Our Fatherland is our Motherland – Mother Russia. We call Russia Fatherland because our fathers and grandfathers lived in it from time immemorial. We call it Motherland because we were born in it. Mother - because she fed us with her bread, made us drink with her waters. There are many good states in the world, but a person has one mother - he has one and his homeland.

Special attention pay attention to the origin of the word "motherland"? The word homeland comes from the ancient word clan, which denotes a group of people united by blood relationship. Each of us is a descendant of some ancient ancient family. And the word genus itself denotes the ancient god of the Slavs Rod. The main city of the Ross tribe is Roden. It was dedicated to the god Rod.

In a big country, each person has his own little corner - the city, the street, the house where he was born. This is his "small motherland". And since this is still a lesson in Kuban studies, it is worth revealing the concept of “small Motherland” more deeply. After all, our common, great Motherland consists of many such small corners. She is huge and beautiful. And everyone has one.

slide 5

It is possible to work with single-root words: genus, homeland, relatives, parents, pedigree. There is a single root here - genus.

First, a person is born. Then he learns that his homeland is called Russia. That it is the largest country in the world. That Russia is a country with an ancient history.

From the first days of his life, he is surrounded by relatives. Gradually, their circle expands. Relatives, friends, neighbors… And one day he comes to the understanding that in addition to his house, his yard, his street, his district, his city, what we call our “small Motherland”, there is also “My Country”. These are millions of people who do not personally know us. But our lives have a lot in common. And we all depend on each other in some way. We experience Russia's victories as our own victories. And the troubles of Russia are not foreign to us either.

What unites us? United Motherland. This is a common land. General history. General laws. Mutual language. But the most important thing is common values, spiritual traditions. A person remains a person as long as he appreciates and disinterestedly cares about a person close to him, other people, about the interests of the people and the Fatherland.

You receive both the Motherland and values as a gift from previous generations. Values live in spiritual traditions. Outside of tradition, they perish like a plant pulled out of the soil. The source of values is understood in different ways.

Believers are convinced that people receive values from God. God gives people a moral law - knowledge about the right life, about how to avoid evil, fear and illness and even death, not to harm others, to live in love, harmony and harmony with people and the world around.

And when we talk about the spirituality of the Russian people, this is certainly connected with Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy is unthinkable outside the worship of the Cross of Christ.

slide 6

Adoration of the Cross on which the Savior suffered and died - ancient tradition Holy Church. The Cross of Christ is a symbol of our salvation, resurrection, victory over sin and death.The Holy Cross of Christ is an altar, on which the Son of God shed His most pure blood.

Everything in church life is sanctified by the Cross - a person does not part with it from the beginning of life until death.

Each person bears the cross of suffering and misfortune in his life, either voluntarily and joyfully imitating Christ, or forced with great sorrow. Therefore, every Christian is a crusader.

The cross accompanies the Christian from baptism. A pectoral cross is worn around the neck, the cross crowns the dome of the temple, rests in the altar on the throne, is placed as a prayer, worship, thanksgiving - near the temple, by the roads, in the field and other most unexpected places ...

Outside temples and cemeteries, crosses were and are being erected primarily for religious purposes. The cross is the sign of our salvation. And just as we must think about salvation not only in the temple, so the place of the cross in our life cannot be limited only to the temple. The tradition of putting up crosses came to Rus' even before its adoption of Christianity.

Slide 7

The tradition of installing worship crosses is very, very ancient and goes back to the time of the formation of Christianity in Rus'. It is believed that one of the first worship crosses were those that were erected by order of Princess Olga on the site of destroyed pagan idols, crossroads and remote villages. Her grandson, Prince Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko continued this pious tradition.

The main purpose of their dispensation is to remind the traveler of the eternal, of the need to breathe to God in prayer and worship Christ. In the old days, crosses were called worshipers, which were placed on the site of destroyed temples - where there was a throne and a bloodless sacrifice was made (this place was specially fenced off as holy).

The installation of such crosses in ancient times was a special ritual, which was approached with all seriousness, responsibility and reverence. Usually, people gathered throughout the village to perform this ceremony.

There are worship crosses on a small hill (the symbol of Golgotha -a small rock or hill where Jesus Christ was crucified. Along with the Holy Sepulcher, it is one of the two main shrines of Christianity.), and so, in order to create such an elevation, each villager brought a handful of earth and erected it in place of the future foot of the cross.

Traditionally, such crosses were made of wood, less often of stone and very rarely of metal. When installing, they were guided by the cardinal points: the flat part of the cross turned to the east, and the raised end of the lower crossbar turned to the north.

Slide 8

Worship crosses were installed in a certain place:

Site of a lost church or cemetery;
Holy spring;
The place where pagan idols stood;
Dead, dangerous places;
Entrance to the city;
place of death;
Place of mass baptisms and so on.

And the fact that their functions were also different, depending on the place of installation, and the goals pursued by the creators of the "monument". Today this tradition is being revived. Like a thousand years ago, the Pokloniye Cross reminds people of the original Orthodox faith. Many consider the cross a spiritual symbol of the nation, a cultural monument. So let the crosses protect our land from troubles, decorate it and tell everyone passing by that Orthodox Christians live here. And make us cleaner...

Students can demonstrate various types of worship crosses, take a tour to the cross in your locality, or prepare a virtual tour, presentation, discuss the function of the cross.

Slide 9 used literature

Slide 10

Revealing the topic Spiritual springs of life. Religious traditions my countrymen", it is necessary to focus on the most important sources - the temple, family, book, traditions.

We have already said that spiritual traditions are very important for a person. A person remains a person as long as he appreciates and disinterestedly cares about a person close to him, other people, about the interests of the people and the Fatherland.

You receive both the Motherland and values as a gift from previous generations. Values live in spiritual traditions.

slide 11

Ever since the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir baptized the Russian people, the life of the Russians has become unthinkable without Orthodox churches,
one by one they began to grow in Rus'. Churches were built
in abundance, both wooden and stone, and brick. Like a jagged stripe
forests on the horizon, like a winding ribbon of a river, the traveler everywhere met the slender silhouettes of temples, noticed the radiance of gilded domes.

What are Orthodox churches and what are they for?

The temple is God's house

God is served in it,

The temple is candles, icons, crosses.

We hurry to the temple to carry a prayer.

At first, craftsmen from Byzantium were invited to build temples, but soon their own builders appeared. They were called architects. They, being skilled craftsmen, knew how to accurately choose places for construction: along the banks of waterways, on hills, so that the temples were clearly visible, like beacons for travelers. Orthodox churches are very beautiful and diverse: sometimes huge and majestic, sometimes small and cozy, sometimes strict, sometimes patterned and joyful. But no matter how diverse they may seem, they all have a similar dispensation. There is one more feature: Orthodox churches, created by human hands, merge into a single whole with the miraculous world, the surrounding nature.

slide 12

Talking about the variety of temples, you can pay attention to the shape of the temples, and the number of domes, their shape and color. But, another important factor is to explain to students that the Church and the Temple are not the same thing. Church - a community of people united by the holy Orthodox faith, baptized in Christ. A Temple – Holy place, dedicated to God where we speak with God, a place where the Church gathers for common common prayer.

A very good practical understanding of this topic will be an excursion to the Temple, where the teacher or the Holy Father can, using a specific example, talk about the temple, building, interior decoration, icons, sacraments that are performed in churches. Students will be able to gain practical knowledge, to feel the peculiar atmosphere that prevails in the Temple. In the lessons, you can use various forms of work - project activities, the creation of booklets, virtual tours of the Temples of the Kuban, consider the diversity of temples using specific examples.

slide 13

It would be appropriate to pay attention to the role of the family in the Christian family - the “home church”, which consists in the fulfillment of its primordial function - the spiritual and moral education of children. Children are not an accidental acquisition, but a gift of God, which parents are called to cherish and increase, helping to reveal all the strengths and talents of the child, leading him to a virtuous Christian life.

At the beginning of the journey, next to the defenseless gullible baby are the most important people from his environment - his family. What a child acquires in the family in childhood, he retains throughout his subsequent life. In Orthodoxy, the creation of a family was a tradition. For a Russian person - it has always been the basis of his moral life and the meaning of existence.

And what is a family? This is a life-giving structure, where all its members are interconnected by a certain spiritual thread with each other. Such connections help, first of all, the child to understand his own belonging, to learn family values.

Slide 14

A vivid example, a model of a Christian family, is the high-ranking Romanov family with a strict family structure, warmth of relationships, and simplicity of life. The Grand Duchesses slept on hard beds, washed cold water. The family adopted simple food. Tsarevich Alexei was brought cabbage soup and porridge every day from the soldiers' kitchen of the Consolidated Regiment. He ate everything, saying: "This is the food of my soldiers." The emperor himself, a decade after the wedding, wore civil suits from the time of grooming. His Majesty did without a personal secretary because he had a good memory and was fluent in English, French and German.

We all know what difficulties the royal family had to go through. After the February Revolution, she ended up in the Alexander Palace. The children were lying with a temperature, water was taken from the hole. Nicholas II himself felled dry trees in the park and sawed them for firewood. At the end of March, family members dug up a vegetable garden on the palace lawn and planted vegetables. A personal example of diligence, modesty of the father brought up these qualities in children. With what courage Tsarevich Alexei endured his serious illness trying not to burden anyone and do everything yourself! And the older girls (it would seem, not at all the royal business!), Who left to work as sisters of mercy! “Infirmaries, the wounded and panikhidas - that’s what these young lives were filled with,” writes Colonel of the Russian Imperial Guard Felix Vinberg. They steadfastly endured difficulties: round-the-clock duty, severe injuries, complex dressings. It was necessary to show patience, courage, care. Such qualities could only be instilled in the family.

slide 15

An important role is played by the involvement of the younger generation in the historical heritage of Russia and its city. IN last years began to be given great attention to the Cossacks. Like any other ethnic group, the Cossacks have their own family traditions and customs. A Cossack cannot consider himself a Cossack if he does not know and observe them. Merciless to enemies, the Cossacks were always kind, generous and hospitable. The Ten Commandments of Christ formed the basis for the formation of the moral foundations of the Cossack societies. Teaching children to observe them, their parents taught them: “do not kill, do not steal, do not fornicate, work according to your conscience, do not envy another and forgive offenders, take care of your children and parents, protect the Fatherland from enemies. But above all, strengthen the Orthodox faith.” Along with the commandments of the Lord, very strictly in the Cossack environment, traditions, customs, beliefs were observed, which were the vital necessity of every Cossack family. Non-observance or violation of them was condemned by the inhabitants of the farm or village. Some customs and traditions appear, others disappear. Only those that most reflect the everyday and cultural characteristics of the Cossacks remain and are preserved in the memory of the people. If we briefly formulate them, we get a kind of domestic laws of the Cossacks:

1. Respect for elders.

2. Honoring the guest.

3. Respect for mother, sister, wife.

Honoring parents, godfather and godmother was not just a custom, but an internal need for the son and daughter to take care of them. The authority of the father and mother was indisputable and revered. Without the blessing of the parents, they did not start work, did not make decisions on important matters. It was considered a great sin not to honor the father and mother. The husband and father were always considered the head of the family, if for some reason they were absent, then the Cossack woman became the main one in the family. Very often, these fearless women fought to defend their home, the village next to their husbands.

The older generation attached great importance to the upbringing of children: “The Cossack must be educated from childhood!” - considered grandfathers and great-grandfathers. From early childhood, indisputable foundations are laid: the child must develop physically, spiritually and morally at the same time.

Seniority was the way of life of the Cossack family and the natural necessity of everyday life. This helped to form character, strengthened family and family ties, which was required by the conditions of Cossack life. From an early age, respect for elders was instilled in the Cossack family. The children knew who was older than whom in the family. The elder sister was especially revered, whom younger brothers and sisters called “nanny”, “nanny” until old age, because she replaced their mother, who was busy with housework.

Respect for the older generation is one of the main customs of the Cossacks. Paying tribute to the years lived, the hardships endured, the Cossack's lot, the impending helplessness and inability to stand up for themselves - the Cossacks always remembered the words of the Holy Scripture:

"Get up before the face of the gray-haired man, honor the face of the old man and fear your God - I am the Lord your God."

Cossack hospitality is known not only to historians, but also to the common man. Respect for the guest was due to the fact that he was considered a messenger of God. An unfamiliar person from distant places, in need of an overnight stay and rest, was considered a welcome and dear guest.

slide 16

You can conduct lessons in the form of gatherings, attending concerts, where students will get acquainted with the folklore and costumes of the Cossacks, family traditions and customs.

Together with parents and students, conduct joint excursions around the city, to the local history museum, quizzes, leisure activities and round tables for parents and children on this topic. And children and parents will reflect their impressions in the drawings “Our city is in the past”, “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten”, in role-playing games: “Traveling around the city”, “Family”, “Let's protect the fortress”. Together with parents, replenish the portfolio of children.

Following the family traditions of the Cossacks, you can make a genealogical tree of families, children will get acquainted with the traditions of their families, organize exhibitions of photographs and children's work, where they act as guides.

Slide 17

In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, students should be involved in research projects, creative activities, during which they will learn to invent, understand and master new things, be open and able to express their own thoughts, be able to make decisions and help each other, formulate interests and realize opportunities.

Project activity, as a form of organizing joint activities of students, parents and teachers in the study of their native land, seems to be particularly relevant, since it is in the process of such activities that younger students have the opportunity to independently learn more deeply about folk traditions, the beauty of their native land, its features, the nature of people.

Project "History of my family". The world of the child begins with his family, for the first time he realizes himself as a person - a member of the family community. Parents and students have a great interest in their genealogy, in the study of national, estate, professional roots and their kind in different generations. Touching the history of one's family evokes strong emotions in the child, makes him empathize, be attentive to the memory of the past, to his historical roots.

Acquaintance with the historical heritage of the Cossacks through a variety of activities creates a unique environment that forms the individuality of the child, develops the imagination. The child not only gets acquainted with the history of his city, but forms his own attitude towards it. The project "Kuban Cossacks Costume" is dedicated to solving an urgent task of the educational process - the patriotic education of younger schoolchildren. The implementation of the project activities makes it possible to create conditions for the spiritual and moral education of students, to form a system of local history knowledge among students, a steady interest in the historical past of their small homeland. Particular attention is paid to the study of history and the study of the customs, traditions and clothing of the Cossacks.

The history of the Kuban Cossacks is inextricably linked with the history of the Orthodox Church. It is no coincidence that the Cossacks have historically been given the eloquent name - "Knights of Orthodoxy", that is, the defenders of the Christian faith. They addressed their brothers with the words: “Whoever wants to be impaled for the Christian faith, who is ready to endure all sorts of torments for the holy cross, who is not afraid of death, become a Cossack”

The foundation of any settlement began with the choice of a place for the church. In the center of each smoking village, a square was arranged - a maidan and a temple was laid, after which the construction of the military administration and other dwellings was already carried out. Churches became the first schools, and large libraries, and repositories of archival funds.

The spiritual and moral strength of Orthodoxy permeated many aspects of the life of the army, objectively manifested itself in the concern of the Cossacks for the preservation folk traditions, in the continuity of the spiritual experience of the people.

Each family had its own traditions and rituals. But, as the historian I. Ya. Kutsenko notes: “... Chernomortsy - the second and third generation of Cossacks, who traced their ancestry from the Cossacks, considered themselves Ukrainians for a long time, preserving the language and traditions of their fathers. This determined the ethnic identity of the Kuban Cossacks. In its customs, customs, traditions, folklore, Everyday life we can detect these features and Ukrainian roots.

Slide 18

The religious worldview of the population of the Kuban was reflected in proverbs. This is evidenced by the frequent use of short formulas, such as "God forbid", "Lord bless", "For Christ's sake", "Glory to Thee, Lord", "Lord have mercy". Welcoming those working in the Kuban, they said: "God help." To such a greeting, the Cossacks had an answer: "Kazals were the gods of Schaub and you helped."

One of the forms of work is Kuban proverbs. Explain them. What Orthodox values are reflected in them?

Who gets up early, God gives.

Before God without prayers - you will be a damn beat.

Not by a human mind, but by God's judgment.

Whoever whispers the truth, God will find him.

Close someone else's face, God forgive two.

Who helps people, you don’t know that grief.

Yak dad said, so be it.

God is not without mercy, and the Cossack is not without happiness.

Beat God, but rely on your sebe.

On te the Cossack was born, Schaub fit God and the king

The study of folk culture is also carried out through the reproduction of the annual cycle of holidays, role-playing, directing, theatrical and didactic games, specially selected folk tales and small folklore forms (proverbs, sayings), through the formation of ideas about the forms of the traditional family way of life.

Slide 19

One of the favorite literary genres for children is a fairy tale. It affirms the values of our people. And, growing up, the child understands that at the epicenter of their story is himself, his own spiritual path. Great works folk art proclaim the same truths that Christianity professes - kindness, love for one's neighbor, fidelity to marital marriage. All this is in Russian folklore.

Slide 20

The Cockerel and the Beanstalk is a tale of love and family. The affirmation of love as the highest value is shown by the example of a selfless Hen saving her Cockerel; the interrelation of the natural world and the human world is based precisely on love, as it was originally in Paradise. The fairy tale also shows the hierarchy of the world: a cockerel, a cow, mowers, a woodcutter - the salvation of the Cockerel depends on people. The trouble is conquered by the whole world, but Man has the highest role in the world: he, as the king of nature, is the main one in this chain, which corresponds to the plan of God the Creator.

"Teremok" - work, conciliarity (build by the whole world), hospitality, gentleness, forgiveness!

The fairy tale "Gingerbread Man" speaks of the need for obedience, "Ryaba the Hen" is generally the greatest fairy tale that condemns the vain, futile pursuit of wealth.

On the example of these fairy tales known from early childhood, children can draw conclusions - that a Russian person is a Christian, kind, hospitable, merciful, convenes the whole world to restore the destroyed, peace-loving, evil wins with good.

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The third theme is “Red Corner. Icon".

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To prepare students for the lesson, you can read an excerpt from an old wedding song:

Will I enter my parent's bright room,

I will pray on all four sides,

The first bow to the front corner,

I ask the Lord for a blessing

In the body - white health,

In the head of the mind-mind,

In the white hands of the clever,

To be able to please in a strange family (in such a)

After reading, ask the children questions:

Where did you bow for the first time? (First bow to the front corner)
And what do you think, what kind of front corner is this in the house? (Thoughts of children)

In the front corner of the hut was spiritual center Houses.

Where does the word spiritual come from?

That's right, spiritual - from the word "soul".

How do you understand what a soul is?

The Bible says: when God created the first
man, Adam, He breathed into him a soul, breathed in the Divine essence, a particle of Himself. The soul is our conscience, love, our compassion and sympathy, it knows the feelings of a person, his thoughts, sorrows and joys.

This means that the spiritual center of the house is beautiful, beautiful, holy.

From what ancient word do the words beautiful, beautiful come from?

Let's remember how they say a beautiful girl (a red girl), a beautiful sun (a red sun), then a beautiful holy corner in the house is called red.

"Red Corner" - the most elegant and ceremonial place in the house. Entering the house, first of all, he turned to the icons and overshadowed himself with a cross. The first bow - to God, the second - to the owner and the hostess, the third - to all good people.

The most respected guests were invited to sit in the front corner: "A red place for a red guest."

"You are welcome, father ...., are you with us, the owners": sit down under the icons. Although with irony, but as the “speciality” of the red corner is emphasized: even the owners do not dare to sit under the icons, only a particularly honored guest. A really welcome guest was addressed like this: “Honor and place - the Lord is above us - sit down under the saints”

What was in the "red corner"?

You can invite students to watch the video "Red Corner" (2 min 30), then continue the discussion.

In a Russian hut, usually oriented to the sides of the horizon, a red corner was arranged in the far corner of the hut, with east side, in the space between the side and front walls, diagonally from the furnace. It has always been the most illuminated part of the house: both walls forming the corner had windows. The icons were placed in the "red" or "front" corner of the room in such a way that the icon was the first thing a person entering the room paid attention to. The folk proverb “Without God - not to the threshold” is connected precisely with this: entering or leaving a room or house, a Christian first of all rendered honors to the King of Heaven, and only then to the owner of the house.

Like a living space Orthodox Christian is considered a symbol of an Orthodox church, and the red corner is considered as an analogue of the altar. The red corner is the most important and honorable place in the house. According to traditional etiquette, a person who came to the hut could go there only at the special invitation of the owners.

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It is traditionally believed that the icon should not hang, it must be installed in the place allotted to it. Icons are placed on a special shelf or in a closed case (sometimes multi-tiered) in a certain order.

Mandatory for the home iconostasis are the icons of the Savior and the Virgin. The composition of the remaining icons is chosen by the believer. Usually, patronal (so-called "nominal") icons of family members are placed in the red corner. Especially revered in Rus' was Nikola the Pleasant (St. Nicholas, Archbishop of the World of Lycia, miracle worker), his icon was in almost every home iconostasis. Of the Russian saints, the images of St. Sergius of Radonezh and Seraphim of Sarov are most often found; of the icons of the martyrs, the icons of George the Victorious and the healer Panteleimon are the most common.

The placement of icons in the red corner is based on the same principles as in the church iconostasis. The compositional and semantic center of the iconostasis is the icon of the Savior. It can be the Savior Not Made by Hands, the Savior the Almighty, etc. The rest of the icons are subordinate to her. It is undesirable, for example, to include icons in the home iconostasis, large icons of the Savior. To the left of the icon of the Savior is the image of the Mother of God with the Child. These two icons are basic and mandatory for the red corner. The remaining icons are chosen by the believer. Like a church iconostasis, an image of the Trinity or the Crucifixion can be placed above the icons of Christ and the Mother of God. At the same time, it is better not to place icons of saints above the images of the Savior and the Virgin.
What other icons are usually included in the home iconostasis? These are nominal icons, i.e. icons of saints whose names are family members. In almost every home iconostasis there is an icon of St. Nicholas. Of the Russian saints, the images of St. Sergius of Radonezh and Seraphim of Sarov are most often found; of the icons of the martyrs, the icons of George the Victorious and the healer Panteleimon are the most common.
In general, at home you should have only such icons to which you pray, to which you know the troparion, you read the prayer and this prayer.

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The icon "Satisfy my sorrows" - the image of the Mother of God with a reclining baby - the Savior in her arms. With one hand, the Mother of God holds a child with an unfolded scroll in his little hands, her second hand - at the head, somewhat tilted to one side - was one of the revered in the Don and Kuban. In Cossack families, the icon “Assuage My Sorrows” became so revered over time that they began to call it the “Comforter”. The special role of the Cossacks in Rus', the service way of life made an icon to which the Cossacks turned with requests to satisfy spiritual and physical suffering, revered so much that it was with her that they began to bless their daughters in marriage in the Don and Kuban. Behind the icon, the grace-filled reputation of a talisman of Orthodox Christian women, a sacred attribute of “female piety”, was quietly established. In the Kuban there is also a temple bearing the name miraculous icon"Assuage my sorrows", it is located near Krasnodar, in the village of Belozerny.

And what is an icon? "Icon" in Greek means "image". Icons are the property of a family family. They are inherited, the first to be brought into new house sanctifying it.
Icons are also painted on special occasions. So, it is known that the chosen saints of God help in life's difficulties, for example: Gury, Samon and Aviv - women in an unhappy marriage, St. Sergius of Radonezh - in their studies. Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker enjoys special love in Rus' - he is the protector of the poor, the needy, he helps girls find a “soul mate”, get married. (In the West, St. Nicholas is called Santa Claus and all children expect Christmas gifts from him).
On the road, be sure to take the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, we often see his image in cars, because he is an assistant to all travelers.

From birth, the life of a Russian person was associated with icons. So, for the birth of a baby, they wrote a growth, “measured icon”, on a board made in the size of a newborn. They painted icons with the Holy Guardian Angel. For a long time and happy life the young, during the wedding, were blessed with wedding icons - the Kazan image of the Most Holy Theotokos and the icon of the Lord "Almighty". They painted family icons, with the patron saints of family members. We ordered memorial icons - "PomYanniki".
For an Orthodox Christian, an icon is a sacred image, that is, separated from the realities of everyday life, not mixing with everyday life. This is a window from the heavenly world to our world - the world below, the revelation of God in lines and colors. In the past in each Orthodox family- both peasant and urban - in the most prominent place of the dwelling there was always a shelf with icons or a whole home iconostasis.

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Among the images in it, a special place was occupied by the so-called family icon, which was passed down from generation to generation and united all family members during joint prayer. The family icon was also called "ancestral". She passed to the descendants as a reminder of the parents' constant prayer for them and as a memory of their piety. She held the generations together with grace.

In the original understanding, a family icon is an icon depicting the namesake saints (that is, those saints in whose honor a person was named) of all family members. But this is not only a part of the material ancestral heritage, which is passed down from generation to generation. This is, first of all, a shrine that connects all family members, unites their spirit.

Such an icon has always been especially revered: after baptism, babies were brought to it, a prayer was said before it, they blessed it for work, children for study, adults for service, and the newlyweds were blessed. The presence of a family icon in the house unites the family, strengthens faith, and helps to do things with pure thoughts. The spiritual power of such an image lies in its catholicity. Offering their prayers, each member of the family prays not only for themselves, but also for their parents, children, loved ones.

As a rule, this is an image of the Savior or the Mother of God with selected saints. The saints of God, whose names are family members, were depicted to the right and left of the image of Jesus Christ or the Mother of God, half-turned or standing with prayerfully raised hands. If the icon was painted on the day of the wedding of the young spouses or immediately after, then two saints are usually depicted on it: the patrons of the husband and wife. Many saints can be depicted: patron saints of children, spouses, their parents, their grandparents, including those who have already passed away. At the top of the "family icon" may be depicted the blessing of the Lord Jesus Christ, or it Image miraculous, Holy Trinity, Mother of God - usually "Sign" or "Protection".

If a lesson on Cuban studies is integrated with a lesson in fine arts, then clear boundaries can be established in the color palette used when painting icons, and we can talk about the variety of salaries. And if this lesson was preceded by an excursion to the Temple, then already in the temple it is necessary to draw the attention of students to various types of icons (faces of Saints, bible story), how one icon differs from another, in what order they are located on the iconostasis. For more complete coverage of this issue during the tour, you can contact the servants of the Temple. After the tour, ask the children to ask questions, get exhaustive answers to them.

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Considering the 4th topic “There is no greater love than to give one’s life for one’s friends”,Very important point- give a clear understanding of the meaning of the words - duty, honor, Fatherland.

Speaking about the meta-subject connections of lessons, the topic of patriotism, Holiness, defense of the Motherland is also raised in the lessons of literary reading, in music lessons. In the section of the program of music lessons, the red line is the theme “Holy Lands of Russia”, where students will find out who the saints are, why they are revered in Rus', what is their merit. Therefore, the topic of the Cuban studies lesson for students is not new. But it is here that these issues can be consecrated in more depth with specific examples.

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You can start the lesson with a crossword puzzle to lead to the main topic of the lesson.

"Terminological crossword"

Religious prescription, which is one of the moral norms of mankind. (Commandment)
A word that carries two roots, denoting "faithful", "opinion, glorification." (Orthodoxy)
Compassion, sympathy, love in deed, willingness to do good to everyone, mercy, gentleness. (Mercy)
An internal assessment by a person of his behavior, his feelings, as well as actions, opinions of other people from the positions of good and evil, a person's awareness of his duty and responsibility to himself and other people. (Conscience)
The conversation of a person with God, the forms of possible communication between a person and God, an appeal to the Almighty. (Prayer)
Sphere of life, hallmark which is faith in the supernatural, in God, the thoughts and actions of a person who is convinced that human mind not alone in our world. (Religion)(keyword "FEATURE")

At the end of the work, ask a question:

Do you think that this word is a key word in a crossword puzzle? What place can this concept occupy in the lesson?

feat ascetic, asceticism

Offer to find the necessary information in the dictionaries and derive the definition of the concepts of "FEED", "ASCENT", "ASCENT", taking into account all the lexical aspects of these words.

We conclude that a FEAT is a selfless, disinterested, selfless heroic act caused by some feeling;

Selfless, hard work; an important deed, an undertaking, efforts made by a person for the sake of approaching God (affirmation of faith, vows, fasting, prayers, renunciation of life's blessings, suppression of passions, etc.), movement from one's weaknesses: fear, greed, selfishness, self-interest;

sacrifice for the sake of another person, for the sake of the Motherland, in the name of an idea, religion.

There was a time when the concepts of achievement and ascetic were associated with a quiet monastic cell, with the rustle of monastery oaks outside the window. Icon lamps, icons, a coffin instead of a bed. Quiet speeches, cassocks, skufis and fingers folded for the sign of the cross - the ascetic seemed to be in the smoke of incense with a raised blessing hand ... And now what do you associate these concepts with? - Yes, there are different feats and ascetics both in their appearance and in the circumstances where the feat is performed. But all true ascetics are united and related by one thing to all of them. intrinsic trait- selflessness. Without selflessness there is no achievement, no ascetic. After all, you wouldn’t call an ascetic a person who bravely looked into the eyes of death for the sake of personal gain? Otherwise, many criminals would apply this lofty term to themselves. But selflessness can be revealed not only by the acceptance of death, in a more or less short-term matter - it can be expressed in a long-term activity for the Common Good - an activity that sometimes spans a lifetime from the fields of science, art and social order, whether it is the creation of good relations between people and assistance in any form to those who need it. Any feat is always associated with some kind of personal sacrifice in the name of the goal. In achieving this goal, we each time sacrifice our desires, sometimes selfish, our needs. Sometimes it is easier to make concessions to your conscience, to your desires, than to move forward...

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The greatest example of feat, never surpassed by anyone, was and still remains the feat of Christ. This is a prime example of selflessness. Christ was able to take upon himself the unreasonable burden of sacrifice for the better future of all mankind. He, the purest and most perfect of the sons of men, meekly and meekly endured the insults and ridicule of rude soldiers. He prayed for his tormentors, asking the Heavenly Father to forgive them. Possessing superhuman knowledge and power, he refused to do anything to alleviate his suffering on the cross. Not understood by anyone, at his death hour abandoned by everyone, even by his disciples, what firmness and courage He had to show!

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Then you can recall the names of the Saints already known to them - Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Ilya Muromets, Prince Vladimir, Princess Olga, mother Sophia and her children Nadezhda, Vera, Lyubov, Sergius of Radonezh, Peter and Fevronia, Cyril and Methodius, George the Victorious, Seraphim Sarovsky and others.

Why are they sacred to us? What was their feat? It is possible to carry out project work - to collect material about the Saints of the Russian land. There is a proverb: "The earth is not worthy without a righteous man." A righteous person is a person who lives a right life, has no sins. There are such righteous people on the Russian land. Our holy patrons - that's what the people call them. The Orthodox Church sacredly preserves their memory, collects eyewitness accounts, and compiles biographies of the holy ascetics. They were also called saints. Let's find out who the saints are.

Saints are mythical or historical persons, to whom in various religions (Christianity, Islam) piety, righteousness, piety, mediation between God and people are attributed.

There were a great many saints revered in Rus'. But among this multitude were especially loved and honored by the people - among them those whom the Old and New Testament, and those who became famous after the spread of Christianity, and those who "shone in the Russian land." Can you make a calendar with your kids? anniversaries Holy Defenders of Rus', make booklets, create a project work "Holy Defenders of Rus'".

One of the righteous defenders of the Russian land was Grand Duke Vladimir Svyatoslavovich. During his reign major event for the unification of the Russian state was the baptism of Rus'. Judging by the ancient chronicles, after the adoption of Christianity by the prince himself, even his character changed. He banned the death penalty, distributed money to the poor, disbanded the harem, and, despite the fact that he loved feasts, began to arrange them only in church holidays. The prince generously treated the guests, and for the sick and the weak he ordered food and drink to be delivered to their homes. After all his good deeds, other countries no longer treated Rus' with the same disdain. The noble prince, the righteous warrior Vladimir, was canonized as a saint in the 13th century.

The role of Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Vladimir and Moscow in intercession for the Russian land is great. His name became a symbol of military glory. He was canonized by the church in 1988.

Sergius of Radonezh is one of the most revered Russian saints. "Hegumen of the Russian land" - they call him among the people. Hegumen is the abbot of an Orthodox monastery. So, we can say that Sergius of Radonezh is the spiritual mentor of all Russian people. Before his death, he left the following testament to the brothers: to strictly preserve the purity of the Orthodox faith, to maintain unanimity, purity of soul and body, unfeigned love, to refrain from evil desires, to refrain from food and drink, to humble one's pride, to show mercy.

The Orthodox Church honors the memory of St. Sergius of Radonezh on October 8. This is the day the saint died. He died on September 25 (October 8 according to the new style), 1392. After 30 years, his relics and clothes were found incorruptible, which to this day are in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. In 1452, St. Sergius of Radonezh was canonized as a saint.

The Monk Seraphim of Sarov, a great ascetic of the Russian Church, was born on July 19, 1754, into a merchant family. At baptism he was given the name Prokhor. Even in his youth, Prokhor made the decision to devote his life entirely to God and go to the monastery. In 1778 Prokhor became a novice. His favorite feat was the Jesus Prayer in the surrounding forest. After 8 years, he became a monk with the name Seraphim. Seraphim spent his life in severe deeds. He never stopped praying for a moment. He earned his own food. Near the cell, he planted vegetable gardens and set up a bee-keeper. The reverend kept very strict post, ate once a day, and on Wednesday and Friday he completely abstained from food.

More and more people began to come to him for advice and blessings, but this interfered with his solitude. Through the prayer of Seraphim, the path to his deserted cell was blocked by huge boughs of centuries-old pines. Now only birds and wild beasts visited him. The monk fed the bear with bread from his hands when bread was brought to him from the monastery. St. Seraphim had to endure many trials in forest solitude, but he endured everything. His main salvation was prayer and silence. He spent 15 years in the desert, and when he returned to the monastery, he chose a retreat - complete solitude and prayer. His seclusion lasted 15 years. In solitary prayer, he acquired the ability to clairvoyance and miracles. On November 25, 1825, with the blessing of the abbot of the monastery, he opened the door of his cell to all the suffering. People began to come to him with their troubles and illnesses. He did not condemn anyone, he treated everyone with extraordinary tenderness and love. People called him "Father Seraphim". The Monk Seraphim of Sarov died while praying, kneeling before the icon of the Mother of God.

The activity of St. Sergius was of great importance for the Fatherland: he reconciled the warring princes, supported the Moscow princes in the unification of Rus'. Sergius of Radonezh blessed Dmitry Donskoy for the Battle of Kulikovo, predicting victory for him; two monks from his monastery - Peresvet and Oslyabya - participated in the battle. For more than six hundred years Russian Orthodox people they pray to St. Sergius of Radonezh for themselves and for Russia, asking for help and intercession.

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Indeed, the great Russian ascetics gave all people examples of the right life, not with words, not with teachings and edifications, but with their own example. Peace and joy in the soul - that is what they sought in their prayers. And this allowed them to save thousands of souls around them. The great righteous and ascetics, real heroes, they are also called "the holy patrons of our people."

Believers also prayed for protection from the invasion of foreigners, from the violence of non-believers to the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky (1220–1263). Three of his hypostases were reflected in the prevailing iconography: prince, warrior and monk. All these accents of his image were connected with the history of the development of the Russian state. The veneration of the prince began immediately after his death and continues to this day. The image of Grand Duke Alexander Yaroslavich, who combined the qualities of a wise politician, a brave warrior, a fearless defender of the Orthodox faith and a humble monk, has always been close to the Russian people.

One of modern icons dedicated to the outstanding Russian naval commander, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov. A supporter of the views of the great Russian commander Suvorov, F.F. Ushakov enriched the art of war with new forms and methods of warfare at sea, which played a big role in achieving major victories for the Russian fleet in battles in the Black and Mediterranean Seas - in the Kerch, Tendra, and also in the battle of Kaliakria. Ushakov always sought to end the battle by pursuing the retreating enemy until he was completely destroyed. Even after retiring, Fedor Ushakov continued to serve the Fatherland. In 1812 he was elected head of the militia of the Tambov province. In the autumn of 1817 he died at his estate near the Tambov province.

In March 1944, the Soviet government established the Order and Medal named after Admiral Ushakov. The Russian naval commander Fyodor Ushakov was canonized as a saint at the beginning of the 21st century.

images righteous warriors, created by Russian icon painters, arouse in us love and pride for this land, which our ancestors mastered, protected the inviolability of its borders, the inviolability of Russian territory.

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I would like to conclude our discussion with the words of a poem written by our contemporary Hieromonk Roman.

Without God, the nation-crowd,

United by vice

Either blind or stupid

Ile, what is even worse, cruel.

And let anyone ascend the throne,

Speaking in a high voice.

The crowd will remain the crowd

Until you turn to God!

There are many video materials for the lesson that tell about the life of the Holy Protectors of Rus'. You can organize a film lecture for students and their parents. Conducting joint activities of students and parents of such a plan, joint research, project work increases the spirituality of not only students, but also makes parents think about their spirituality. Thus, the education of the soul of not only the child, but also their parents is being carried out.

The cooperation of the school with the rector of the temple should become a good tradition in joint cultural and spiritual and educational activities. We must strive to make the lessons as useful and interesting as possible.

On the great world holiday of the Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord, near the ancient first fortress city of the Russian land, Izborsk, a Sacred Mound was poured and a Pokloniye Cross was erected.

Archpriest Andrei Taskaev, head of the information service of the Pskov diocese, reported the following about this event:

"As our His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, it's time to collect the stones. Therefore, we need to collect our entire tragic history, its defeats and victories, our Church, our people. Put it all together and accept our history, accept ourselves, stop looking for enemies. We must build the Fatherland, build new Russia but with the experience we have. Glory to Thee, Lord, that this idea was metaphorically, symbolically embodied on the Pskov land. And where else should the reunification of Russia begin, if not in the House of God, the House of the Holy Trinity on Russian soil - in Pskov! The ancient city is located on the western borders of our Fatherland, and for one and a half thousand years it has stood as an unshakable fortress on the path of enemies. We put together this Hill, as a symbol of the entire history of Russia, and the cross on this hill, as the crown of our entire history. We hope to recover Orthodox state with Orthodox moral mentality".

At the rite of consecrating the Poklonny Cross, the first speaker was the initiator of the event and the pious cause of the construction of the Sacred Hill on Pskov land, the editor of the Zavtra newspaper, Alexander Prokhanov.

He figuratively and accurately spoke about the choice of the site of the Sacred Hill, because "Russian history covered the Pskov land with kisses." Alexander Andreevich defined the event itself as luminiferous and spiritual, which should affect the soul of everyone. Prokhanov called the cross "the Russian tree of the knowledge of good and evil" and said: "Here lay the land from the Pskov Vybut, where Olga was born - the first Christian in Russia and a state organizer. Here lies the land from Budnik - the birthplace of the Baptist of Russia Vladimir the Red Sun. There is land from the Mare settlement, from the shore of Lake Peipus, where the Teutons were defeated by the noble prince Alexander Nevsky. There is land from under the walls of the Spaso-Eleazarovsky monastery, where the great Russian ideologist, the monk Elder Philotheus, who for the first time in the whole world proclaimed the sacred formula " Moscow is the Third Rome, but there will be no fourth."

This ideological formula is absolutely relevant today. We brought land here from under the Pokrovskaya Tower of Pskov, where the Pskovites repulsed the assault of the Polish King Stefan Batory, who was striving for the center of Russia, to Moscow. And there, in the breach of the wall, when the Poles overcame the Pskov army, there appeared Holy Mother of God Our Lady of the Caves shielded Pskov and Russia from the invasion of the Poles. The earth from these military graves lies in our Hill. We brought the land that marks the Romanov Empire. Land from the Pskov Kremlin, where there were earthen bastions, poured by Peter the Great during the Northern War for heavy guns aimed at the Swedes advancing on Russia. We brought land from Mikhailovsky, from under the walls of the Svyatogorsky monastery, which remember our radiant one. infinitely alive Pushkin.

We brought land from the Dno station, where the Romanov monarchy ended, where Tsar Nicholas II, the martyr, ended his reign, and where his Golgotha began, his way of the cross ended with his brutal murder, which marked the beginning of a fratricidal slaughter of civil strife. We brought land from the place where the Russian people first repulsed the blow of the enemies, driving the Kaiserites away from Pskov. We brought the land of Velikiye Luki, from the place where Alexander Matrosov closed the embrasure of the Nazi machine gun with his heart ... We brought the land from the Stupino heights near Velikiye Luki, where the penal battalions stormed the German formations and captured these strategic heights. Here is the land of today's our days. Those days that laid the foundation for our new Russian state, still very fragile, being created in a contradictory environment. Here is the land from the monument dedicated to the soldiers of the 6th company who died in Chechnya, the land Pskov-Caves Monastery, where particles of the relics of the saints who shone on the Pskov land are kept, the spiritual imprint of the elder John Krestyankin is kept. We brought land from the island of Zalit, from the grave of Father Nikolai Guryanov and connected them here. All these lands, like handfuls of yeast, we threw into this big bowl, in which the snow-white marvelous dough of the new Russian statehood, the new Russian era, the new Russian strength, the new power rises. Like handfuls of fuel, we throw these lands into this huge hearth so that the flame of our faith, our holiness flares up again in it, so that despondency leaves us, so that misfortunes leave us, so that the Russian people are filled with nobility, holiness, the will to live, to win, so that we turned to face our neighbor so that we would converge in our single immortal Russian state.

At the end of A. A. Prokhanov's speech, Archbishop of Pskov and Velikoluksky Eusebius, together with the Pskov clergy, performed the rite of consecration of the Sacred Hill, called by Alexander Prokhanov "pulpit".

In his speech to the audience, at the foot of the Pokloniye Cross, Vladyka Eusebius said: “I brought from myself what is connected with the Holy Land, Jerusalem, where I had to bear the obedience of our Church for four years: I brought a stone and a particle of oak from sacred places Mamvri, which I place in this Sacred Hill and pour holy oil from the Holy Sepulcher and from many shrines of the Holy Land. May all this be connected together and approved by our holy prayer, our Orthodox faith for the good of our native Russia, for the good of each of us, in the establishment of Orthodoxy on our land and in the prosperity of our people. I wish everyone peace, harmony, repentance and patience." With these words, Vladyka laid the shrines at the base of the cross, saying the prayer three times: "This sign of the Cross is consecrated by the grace of the Holy Spirit, by the sprinkling of this sacred water: in the Name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit! Amen."

His Eminence Vladyka Eusebius also congratulated everyone on the great worldwide triumph of our Church of the Exaltation of the Honest and Life-Giving Cross of the Lord and said: “Dear brothers and sisters in the Lord! The cross is the guardian of the whole universe, the cross is the beauty of the Church, the cross is the affirmation of the faithful, the cross is the glory of angels and the death of demons. These words contain the whole meaning of our holiday. The cross is the guardian of the whole universe "In all places of our globe today they honor, glorify and bow to the holy Life-giving Life-Giving Cross of Christ. Thus, by the Providence of God, it is determined on the globe to glorify the Cross on which our Lord Jesus Christ suffered for our salvation, shedding His blood and enduring suffering and torment for salvation of the human race that has forgotten God The Lord appeared on earth to save man, to save him from the work of the enemy, to show him the way to truth, light, harmony and eternal salvation.

The Cross of Christ in the life of a Christian has always been a guiding star, as the Holy Church taught us: "Whoever wants to follow Me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me." He also said, "Come to Me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest." On the Cross, our salvation was accomplished, the Lord through the Cross exuded immortality to all mankind. From the moment the Savior was taken down from the cross and buried in the cave from which He resurrected, the Cross of the Lord has become a symbol of victory and truth. A symbol of victory over evil and diabolical power. Since then, the cross has become a sacred object, a life-giving force and a sign of God's perfect love for the human race. When the Lord was ascended to the Cross, the Cross of the Lord attracted the attention of the hearts, souls and lives of many millions of people who tremblingly ascend Golgotha.

At my age, when I was 25 years old, with a trembling heart I also climbed the stairs to Calvary, falling down to the place where the Lord suffered, and asked the Lord to have mercy on our Russia. It was the time of the end of the seventies, in which faith was oppressed by the godless power, and we were not free. It was also a kind of cross for every believer who carries in his heart the burden of persecution for faith, for God, for the Church and, ultimately, for the cross that he secretly wore on his chest.

Today we are performing a special rite of consecration of the cross. The tradition of consecrating crosses has been established from the very first times on the site of the feats of great ascetics, heroes, on the site of the victories of our people, crosses were erected, God's chapels and temples. The first cross on our land was erected by Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga after her baptism in Constantinople in 957. This year is a jubilee year, 1050 years have passed since the day of her baptism. And now we, in the image of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga, the founder of our state, when she put up a cross in Pskov on the banks of the Great, so we are again erecting a holy cross on the land of Pskov according to the plan of the zealous man Alexander Andreyevich Prokhanov. This cross should become a symbol of our unity, our consent. But we must not forget that the most important thing in our harmony and unity is our repentance and correction. We need to remember that the Lord suffered for our salvation and showed sacrificial love for all mankind. Testifying of His love, He said prudent robber: "today you will be with me in paradise." Blessed is the man who, before his death, is vouchsafed to hear this voice from our Lord Himself.

God grant that this cross reminds all people of the Glory of God, that with the cross came our liberation, our reconciliation with God. Don't forget the Name of God! It is eternal, and His words spoken from the Cross are also eternal. We will also strive for eternity, because nothing in this world is eternal, but only the Glory of God, the Orthodox faith and holy prayer. I wish you not to forget this consecrated place as a reminder of our past. Let this cross be a guiding star and testify to the victories of Russian heroes, Russian ascetics, so that we all come to agreement and peace with repentance. God's help to all of you!"

From all cities and regions of the Pskov land, earth was brought to this Sacred Hill. The consecration of the Pontifical Cross is the first stage of its construction, which is connected

with the introduction of the Pskov memorial holy land into the hill. By November 4, as expected, on the day of the state holiday of unity and harmony and the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, a chapel dedicated to sovereign icon Mother of God, and land will be brought from the places of the great military and spiritual victories of Russia. Land from Stalingrad, brought by a veteran from the Pskov city of Porkhov, has already been invested in the Hill, land from Diveevo is already lying, remembering St. Seraphim of Sarov.

The cross is based on huge granite boulders. The Hill is crowned with a beautiful dark brown larch cross 9 meters high and 4 tons in weight with the inscription "NIKA. CHRIST IS RISEN". The consecration of the Poklonny Memorial Cross, which, we hope, will symbolically form the basis of the new Russian statehood, was attended by representatives of the regional and city authorities, representatives and deputies from the United Russia party, and many young Pskov residents.

Once again, the people were able to see how the cross - a sign of a shameful execution in Ancient Rome, became the Cross of Victory. According to tradition, such worship crosses were placed on the western, eastern, northern and southern borders of the Russian Empire, protecting it sacredly from external and internal enemies.

Abstract of the Kuban lesson in grade 2

Subject: Homeland. Motherland. worship crosses .

Lesson type: combined

Purpose: fostering a sense of patriotism, love and respect for the Fatherland, belonging to a single state, introducing children to the history and culture of Russia, awakening interest in the spiritual life of their ancestors.

Planned results

Subject: get acquainted with the concept of "Motherland", "Native land" use the means of speech expressiveness, compare images of worship crosses from different settlements of our region

Metasubject:

cognitive : reproduce information from memory; build speech statements; carry out analysis, synthesis, comparison, independently create ways to solve problems of a search nature;

regulatory: if necessary, make additions and adjustments to the answers of students, evaluate the result of the work;

communicative: have the ability to communicate coherently, work in groups

Personal:

Emotionally comprehend the importance of the concepts being studied

Educational resources: photographs of worship crosses, explanatory dictionary,

The bell rang loudly, the lesson began.

Our ears are on top, our eyes are wide open,

Listen, remember, don't waste a minute!

Welcome teachers. Organize their workplace, check the availability of individual training supplies

Show emotional responsiveness to the teacher's words

2 Update

Game-competition "Who is faster." The class is divided into 4 teams. Each team receives a card with the name of the season and makes several sentences indicating the characteristic features of this season. 3 other teams guess the season.

3. Goal setting

Guys. We are starting a new chapter. It is called "Spiritual culture of Kuban".

slide 2

The game "Proverbs crumbled."

slide 3

Parts of proverbs fell apart.

Motherland - mother, know how to stand up for her

Where someone is born, there it will come in handy.

A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song.

There is nothing more beautiful in the world than our Motherland.

The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.

The beginning of the first proverb is missing. What word can we put in the first place?

True, this word is RODINA, but the last proverb has no beginning either. What words are missing from it? Yes, words NATIVE SIDE (or NATIVE EARTH)

slide 4

What do you think the lesson will be about today?

That's right, the topic of today's lesson: Native land. Motherland. Worship crosses.

Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7

Connect parts of proverbs

Answer

Form and justify their opinion.

They carry out self-determination, goal-setting, planning of educational cooperation with the teacher and peers.

4 Work on the topic of the lesson

Tell me, how do you understand the meaning of the word RODINA?

Now let's find in explanatory dictionary and read the concept of MOTHERLAND

Here is how K.D. Ushinsky. Let's read.

Slide 8

Where do you think the word Motherland comes from?

Slide 9

The word homeland comes from the ancient word clan, which denotes a group of people united by blood relationship. Each of us is a descendant of some ancient ancient family. And the word genus itself denotes the ancient god of the Slavs Rod. The main city of the Ross tribe is Roden. It was dedicated to the god Rod.

Slide 10

Do the words have anything in common kindred, ancestry, kindred, parents .

True, there is a single root - the genus.

First, a person is born. Then he learns that his homeland is called Russia. That it is the largest country in the world. That Russia is a country with an ancient history.

From the first days of his life, he is surrounded by relatives. Gradually, their circle expands. Relatives, friends, neighbors… And one day he comes to the understanding that in addition to his house, his yard, his street, his district, his city, what we call our “small Motherland”, there is also “My Country” or “NATIVE EARTH". These are millions of people who do not personally know us. But our lives have a lot in common. And we all depend on each other in some way. We experience Russia's victories as our own victories. And the troubles of Russia are not foreign to us either.

speak out

2 students read aloud 2 sentences each

Children answer, then

1 student reads

The kids are in charge

Listen to teachers

Ability to navigate vocabulary

Orientation in their system of knowledge, analyze

Establish a connection between words, based on the knowledge gained in the lessons of the Russian language

5 Physical minutes

Bear cubs lived in more often, like this, like this.

Gently, joyfully were friends, like this, like this.

The bears picked fruit, like this, like this.

Together they shook the apple tree, like this, like this.

Wrapped around like this, like this.

And they drank water from the river like this, like this.

And then they danced, like this, like this.

They raised their paws to the sun like this, like this.

First they walk, then they bow, alternately taking the right and left hand. Then they perform movements that imitate picking fruit from a tree, then turns left and right, waddling, leaning forward, jumping with rotation. At the end, raise your hands up.

Fatigue Prevention

6. Fixing

Research (group work)

When we talk about the spirituality of the Russian people, this is certainly connected with Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy is unthinkable outside the worship of the Cross of Christ. The cross accompanies the Christian from baptism. A pectoral cross is worn around the neck, the cross crowns the dome of the temple, rests in the altar on the throne, is placed as a prayer, worship, thanksgiving - near the temple, by the roads, in the field and other most unexpected places ...

Do you remember how the Cossacks prayed when they were in the field or in the fire of battles?

slide 11

Have you ever seen, driving with your parents in a car into a settlement, such a cross?

Did you know that the tradition of installing worship crosses is very, very ancient and goes back to the time of the formation of Christianity in Rus'. It is believed that one of the first worship crosses were those that were erected by order of Princess Olga on the site of destroyed pagan idols, crossroads and remote villages. Her grandson, Prince Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko continued this pious tradition. Why, in your opinion?

The worship crosses stand on a small hill (the symbol of Golgotha), and so, in order to create such an elevation, each villager brought a handful of earth and erected it in place of the future foot of the cross.

Consider the proposed photos and try to determine where the worship crosses can stand

slide 12

Worship crosses were installed in a certain place:

Site of a lost church or cemetery;

Holy spring;

The place where pagan idols stood;

Dead, dangerous places;

Entrance to the city;

place of death;

Place of mass baptisms and so on

Teachers listen carefully

Give answers based on the materials of the excursion to the museum

Give affirmative or negative answers

Make assumptions

Listen to the teacher's story

Work in groups, trying to determine the location of the worship crosses

Accumulate information

6. Reflection

What is the purpose of our lesson?

Have we achieved it?

What went well?

What would you like to know more about?

Answer the questions, listen to the answers.

Openly comprehend and evaluate their activities in the classroom

7. Homework

Prepare a message about where in our region you saw a bow cross and draw a cross that you would like to see when entering your city

Write down homework

Accept the training task in accordance with the level of their development.

"Lessons of Sergius of Radonezh" - Servant. A lesson in obedience to parents. Mikhail Nesterov. Hand. Moral lessons of St. Sergius of Radonezh. Sergei Efoshkin. Reverend hegumen. Humility. The duty of filial love. fast days. A lesson in humility. Poverty. Blessed son. Virtue of Saint Sergius. Bartholomew. Reverend Sergius. A lesson in love for one's country.

"Holy people" - Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Tikhon. In response, Hermogenes sent messages to the people with a request to stand up for the Fatherland. The blessed one had no family, no roof over his head, no food, no clothes. The purpose of the presentation. IN church calendar there is a place for your holiday! ... And in 988 a great event took place - the baptism of Rus'.

"Holy Lands of Russia" - Born in the family of Rostov boyars and was named Bartholomew. Imbued with high feelings, sublime, ideal. Basil the Blessed. The first Russian saints, canonized as Russian. The words of the Reverend. The eldest of the brothers - Boris received a good education. “Be careful, brethren. The day of celebration is set for those who are numbered among the saints, a divine service is compiled.

"Saints" - Reverend Seraphim of Sarov (1754-1833). References: Karpov, A.Yu. Vladimir the Holy [Text] / A.Yu. Karpov.-M .: Mol. Theophan the Recluse is one of the most revered saints and influential theologians in Russia. The story of the life of the great ascetic Russian Land [Text]. - M., 1992. Memorial Day January 1st. Memorial Day 15 October.

"Reverend Sergius of Radonezh" - The population of the village at the beginning of 2006 was 20 people. In 1920-1946. the relics were in a museum located in the building of the Lavra. On April 20, 1946, the relics of Sergius were returned to the church. The miraculous vision of St. Monument to Sergius of Radonezh in Radonezh Radonezh is a village in the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region, 55 kilometers from Moscow.

"Seraphim of Sarov" - Lost his father early. Diveevo. Soon the monk took upon himself the feat of hermitage, cutting down a cell on the river Sarovka. At a young age, Prokhor fell seriously ill. No matter how many animals came to the elder, there was always enough bread for everyone. Seraphim of Sarov. relics Reverend Seraphim Sarovsky are located in the Holy Trinity Seraphim Diveevsky Monastery.